{"id":60086,"date":"2025-05-27T20:47:38","date_gmt":"2025-05-27T12:47:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=60086"},"modified":"2025-05-27T20:47:38","modified_gmt":"2025-05-27T12:47:38","slug":"nature%e4%b8%93%e9%a2%98%ef%bc%9a%e9%a2%a0%e8%a6%86%e6%80%a7%e7%9a%84%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%a6%e5%8f%91%e7%8e%b0%e6%98%af%e5%90%a6%e8%b6%8a%e6%9d%a5%e8%b6%8a%e9%9a%be%e8%af%9e%e7%94%9f%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=60086","title":{"rendered":"Nature\u4e13\u9898\uff1a\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u73b0\u662f\u5426\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u96be\u8bde\u751f\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Russell Funk \u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u9884\u6599\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u5982\u6b64\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u53cd\u54cd\u3002\u4f46\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u94fa\u5929\u76d6\u5730\u7684\u65b0\u95fb\u62a5\u9053\u548c\u6570\u767e\u4f4d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u652f\u6301\u90ae\u4ef6\uff0c\u968f\u4e4b\u800c\u6765\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\u6279\u8bc4\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u3002Funk \u4e0e\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u4eec\u572823\u5e74\u7684nature\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u79d1\u7814\u8bba\u6587\u548c\u4e13\u5229\u7684\u201c\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u201d\uff08disruptive\uff09\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u65b0\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5c11\u80fd\u6dd8\u6c70\u5df2\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u4e00\u7ecf\u95ee\u4e16\uff0c\u5c31\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86 250 \u591a\u5bb6\u65b0\u95fb\u5a92\u4f53\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u4eca\u5e74\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d1\u73b0\u751a\u81f3\u88ab\u5e26\u5230\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u7684\u542c\u8bc1\u4f1a\u4e0a\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


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\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\uff0c\u98a0\u8986\u6027\uff0c\u65b0\u9896\u6027\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u521b\u65b0<\/span>
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David Matthews\u4e28\u4f5c\u8005<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f6d\u6668<\/span><\/span>\uff5c\u7ffb\u8bd1<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nature feature<\/span>\uff5c\u6765\u6e90<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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2023\u5e74Russell Funk\u7b49\u5728Nature\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u201c\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u201d\u79d1\u5b66\u6bd4\u7387\u4e0b\u964d\u2014\u2014\u80cc\u540e\u539f\u56e0\u5c1a\u9700\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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Funk \u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u96be\u4ee5\u7f6e\u4fe1\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u76f4\u5230\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u4e3b\u52a8\u8054\u7cfb\u6211\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u660e\u5c3c\u82cf\u8fbe\u5927\u5b66\u660e\u5c3c\u963f\u6ce2\u5229\u65af\u5206\u6821\u7814\u7a76\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u3002\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u662f\u4e9a\u5229\u6851\u90a3\u5927\u5b66\u56fe\u68ee\u5206\u6821\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6 Erin Leahey\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u662f\u6cd5\u56fd\u67ab\u4e39\u767d\u9732 INSEAD \u5546\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u884c\u4e3a\u5b66\u8005 Michael Park\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8fd9\u4e00\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6070\u597d\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u6df1\u5c42\u62c5\u5fe7\u3002\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u79d1\u6280\u653f\u7b56\u4e13\u5bb6\u5c31\u4e00\u76f4\u62c5\u5fc3\uff0c\u91cd\u5927\u7a81\u7834\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u96be\u4ee5\u53d6\u5f97\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u53c8\u8fdb\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u653e\u7f13\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bae\u9898\u6b63\u88ab\u5168\u7403\u4e00\u4e9b\u6700\u5177\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5b98\u5458\u9891\u9891\u63d0\u53ca\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u201c\u4e0e\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u90a3\u4e9b\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u98de\u8dc3\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u663e\u5f97\u9eef\u7136\u5931\u8272<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u201d\u7f8e\u56fd\u767d\u5bab\u79d1\u6280\u653f\u7b56\u529e\u516c\u5ba4<\/span>\uff08OSTP\uff09<\/span>\u4e3b\u4efb Michael Kratsios \u5728\u56db\u6708\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u6f14\u8bb2\u4e2d\u8bf4\u9053\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u7acb\u536b\u751f\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u9662\u957f Jay Bhattacharya \u5728\u4e09\u6708\u7684\u542c\u8bc1\u4f1a\u4e0a<\/span><\/span>\u627f\u8bfa\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u591a\u201c\u524d\u6cbf\u7814\u7a76\u201d\u800c\u975e\u201c\u6e10\u8fdb\u5f0f\u8fdb\u5c55\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u5374\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u9488\u5bf9\u7814\u7a76\u7ecf\u8d39\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u524a\u51cf\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u7684\u653f\u754c\u4eba\u58eb\u4e5f\u5728\u8c08\u8bba\u79d1\u7814\u6295\u8d44\u56de\u62a5\u7387\u4e0b\u6ed1\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u521b\u65b0\u662f\u63a8\u52a8\u8fdb\u6b65\u4e0e\u589e\u957f\u7684\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u51fa\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u8be5\u62c5\u5fc3\uff0c\u201d\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u9c81\u6c76\u5927\u5b66\u6218\u7565\u7814\u7a76\u5458 Sam Arts \u8868\u793a\u3002\u4ed6\u548c\u540c\u4e8b\u4eec\u5df2\u5c31\u5982\u4f55\u5e2e\u52a9\u6b27\u6d32\u591a\u56fd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4f53\u7cfb\u4ea7\u51fa\u66f4\u591a\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u4e0e\u82e5\u5e72\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5bf9\u8bdd\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u81ea Funk \u53ca\u5176\u540c\u4e8b\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u53d1\u8868\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\u4fbf\u6307\u51fa\u5176\u201c\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u201d\u5ea6\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b58\u5728\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u76ee\u524d\u5b66\u754c\u5c1a\u672a\u5c31\u5982\u4f55\u8861\u91cf\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u6216\u65b0\u9896\u6027\u8fbe\u6210\u5171\u8bc6<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4f3c\u4e4e\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u521b\u65b0\u53d8\u5f97\u6108\u53d1\u96be\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u2014\u2014\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u4e3a\u4f55\u96be\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u76f8\u4e92\u7ade\u4e89\u3002\u968f\u7740\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u6301\u7eed\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5df2\u5f00\u59cb\u5f00\u5c55\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u91cf\u5316\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u53ef\u80fd\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5176\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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Funk\u3001Leahey \u548c Park \u5728 2023 \u5e74\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4ece 1945 \u5e74\u5230 2010 \u5e74\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u5177\u6709\u201c\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u201d\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u6570\u91cf\u57fa\u672c\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u540c\u671f\u5b66\u672f\u8bba\u6587\u603b\u91cf\u5728\u6fc0\u589e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5e73\u5747\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u8bba\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5355\u7eaf\u6295\u5165\u66f4\u591a\u7ecf\u8d39\u548c\u4eba\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u672a\u5e26\u6765\u76f8\u5e94\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e1<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531 Funk \u548c\u5bc6\u6b47\u6839\u5927\u5b66\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6 Jason Owen-Smith \u4e8e 2016 \u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u6307\u6807[2]\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8003\u5bdf\u5f15\u6587\u6a21\u5f0f\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u3002\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u8def\u662f\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\u4e00\u7bc7\u771f\u6b63\u5177\u6709\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4f1a\u6df1\u523b\u6539\u53d8\u5176\u6240\u5728\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u540e\u7eed\u5f15\u7528\u8be5\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u518d\u5f15\u7528\u5b83\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u732e\u5df2\u57fa\u672c\u8fc7\u65f6\uff09\uff1b\u800c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u53ea\u662f\u5bf9\u65e2\u6709\u6210\u679c\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6574\u5408\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u5f15\u7528\u5b83\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u5219\u901a\u5e38\u4f9d\u7136\u4f1a\u5f15\u7528\u90a3\u4e9b\u524d\u7f6e\u6587\u732e<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u5f15\u7528\u5b83\u6240\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u8868\u660e\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u201c\u6574\u5408\u2013\u98a0\u8986\u201d\uff08consolidation\u2013disruption\uff0cCD\uff09\u6307\u6570\u5f97\u5206<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u8be5\u6307\u6570\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a \u20131\uff08\u5b8c\u5168\u6574\u5408\u578b\uff09\u5230 +1\uff08\u5b8c\u5168\u98a0\u8986\u578b\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5728 CD \u6307\u6570\u51fa\u73b0\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5b66\u754c\u4e5f\u66fe\u7528<\/span><\/span>\u201c\u65b0\u9896\u6027\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u6307\u6807\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u5ea6[3]\uff0c\u5373\u8bba\u6587\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u6587\u732e\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u5bbe\u5915\u6cd5\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u5339\u5179\u5821\u5206\u6821\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5434\u4ee4\u98de\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u65b0\u9896\u6027\u548c\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u770b\u4f3c\u76f8\u8fd1\uff0c\u4f46\u65b0\u9896\u6027\u771f\u6b63\u8861\u91cf\u7684\u662f\u4f5c\u8005\u53d7\u4e0d\u540c\u9886\u57df\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u5e7f\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u6307\u6570\u5219\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u8861\u91cf\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u5bf9\u540e\u7eed\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5f15\u7528\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5434\u4ee4\u98de\u662f\u96c6\u667a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u793e\u7fa4\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u56e2\u961f\u5728Nature\u53d1\u8868\u591a\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u96c6\u667a\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u4e5f\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6df1\u5165\u89e3\u8bfb\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nature \u5c01\u9762\u6587\u7ae0\u89e3\u8bfb\uff1a\u56e2\u961f\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0e\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u521b\u65b0<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Nature\u6700\u65b0\uff1a\u8fdc\u7a0b\u5408\u4f5c\u5f80\u5f80\u6ca6\u4e3a\u6253\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u98a0\u8986\u5f0f\u521b\u65b0\u8fd8\u5f97\u9760\u9762\u5bf9\u9762\u4ea4\u6d41<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f15\u7528\u6570\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u603b\u80fd\u53ef\u9760\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u5b66\u672f\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7\u534a\u6570\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u6587\u7ae0\u5bf9\u8bba\u6587\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u5e2e\u52a9[4]\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5f15\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\u5728\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u95f4\u4e5f\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\uff1a\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6570\u91cf\u666e\u904d\u9ad8\u4e8e\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5f15\u7528\u66f4\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u65e9\u671f\u5f15\u7528\u6587\u7ae0\u6781\u5c11\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u53cd\u800c\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u540e\u7eed\u8bba\u6587\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u7528\u5176\u5c11\u91cf\u524d\u7f6e\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u800c\u88ab\u8bef\u5224\u4e3a\u9ad8\u98a0\u8986\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u53cd\u6620\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u53d8\u9769\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span>Funk \u7684\u56e2\u961f\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5df2\u5bf9\u5f15\u6587\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4ecd\u663e\u793a\u5e73\u5747\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u663e\u8457\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4e00\u4e9b\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\u66fe\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u5143\u6570\u636e\u9519\u8bef\u5bfc\u81f4\u5927\u91cf\u6587\u7ae0\u88ab\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e3a\u201c\u96f6\u5f15\u7528\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u7ae0\u6070\u597d\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u671f\u521d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4eba\u4e3a\u62ac\u9ad8\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u5f97\u5206\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0cFunk \u53ca\u5176\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u5728 2025 \u5e74 2 \u6708\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u9884\u5370\u672c\u4e2d\u53cd\u9a73\u79f0[5]\uff0c\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\u6240\u7528\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e2d\u540c\u6837\u5b58\u5728\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u96f6\u5f15\u7528\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u7ae0\u5e76\u672a\u626d\u66f2\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5206\u6790\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u8ffd\u8e2a\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u7528\u8bcd\u3002Funk \u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7edf\u8ba1\u8bba\u6587\u548c\u4e13\u5229\u6807\u9898\u4e2d\u72ec\u7279\u8bcd\u6c47\u53ca\u8bcd\u7ec4\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff1b\u5e76\u4e14\u5206\u6790\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u8bf8\u5982\u201cproduce\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u4ea7\u751f\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u201cdisrupt\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u98a0\u8986\uff09<\/span>\u4e4b\u7c7b\u6697\u793a\u521b\u65b0\u6216\u98a0\u8986\u7684\u8bcd\uff0c\u6216\u8bf8\u5982\u201cimprove\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u6539\u8fdb\uff09<\/span>\u4e4b\u7c7b\u6697\u793a\u6574\u5408\u7684\u8bcd\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7ed3\u5408\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u660e\u663e\u4e0b\u964d\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4f46\u4eca\u5e74\uff0cArts \u53ca\u5176\u56e2\u961f\u5f97\u51fa\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u56de\u6eaf\u81f3 1901 \u5e74\uff0c\u5bf9\u8bba\u6587\u6807\u9898\u548c\u6458\u8981\u4e2d\u7684\u65b0\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\u6216\u8bcd\u6c47<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 \u201cphoton\u201d\uff09<\/span>\u9996\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u68b3\u7406\uff0c\u5e76\u8ffd\u8e2a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\u6c47\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5 [6]\u3002Arts \u7684\u5206\u6790\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u5404\u9886\u57df\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u7206\u53d1\u65f6\u671f\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u666e\u904d\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u65b0\u9896\u5ea6\u4e0b\u964d<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\u5230\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u65b0\u9896\u6027\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u63a8\u79fb\u800c\u4e0b\u964d\u7684\u62c5\u5fe7\u65f6\uff0c\u8bf4\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u4e3a\u6b64\u62c5\u5fe7\u5417\uff1f\u8fd9\u5f53\u7136\u503c\u5f97\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u975e\u9996\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u201d\u3002Bornmann \u8868\u793a\uff0c\u786e\u5b9e\u4e5f\u6709\u8bba\u6587\u652f\u6301 Funk \u5173\u4e8e\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u548c\u65b0\u9896\u5ea6\u4e0b\u964d\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4ecd\u5bf9\u4efb\u4f55\u57fa\u4e8e\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u80fd\u5426\u771f\u6b63\u53cd\u6620\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6240\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u201c\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u201d\u62b1\u6301\u6000\u7591\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u9700\u8981\u786e\u51ff\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u8bc1\u636e\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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AlphaFold \u662f\u201c\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u201d\u7814\u7a76\u5417\uff1f<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


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\u68c0\u9a8c CD \u6307\u6570\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u7a81\u7834\u6848\u4f8b\uff1a\u90a3\u5c31\u662f 2021 \u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u7684 AlphaFold \u8bba\u6587[7]\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b3e\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7ed3\u6784\u9884\u6d4b\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u8005\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u53bb\u5e74\u7684\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5316\u5b66\u5956\u3002Funk \u8868\u793a\uff0c\u8be5\u8bba\u6587\u7684 CD \u6307\u6570\u5f97\u5206\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u201c\u4f46\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u672a\u5728\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u98a0\u8986\u539f\u6709\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u6216\u6298\u53e0\u539f\u7406\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u540c\u65f6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u63a8\u79fb\uff0cAlphaFold \u7684 CD \u6307\u6570\u6216\u8bb8\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u8be5\u7a81\u7834\u521a\u53d1\u5e03\u65f6\uff0c\u5f15\u7528\u65e9\u671f\u6210\u679c\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u5927\u591a\u5df2\u5728\u6295\u7a3f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6545\u5b83\u4eec\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u5f15\u7528\u65e7\u6587\u732e\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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UCL \u7814\u7a76\u653f\u7b56\u4e13\u5bb6 James Wilsdon \u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0cAlphaFold \u5f97\u5206\u504f\u4f4e\u6070\u6070\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86 CD \u6307\u6570\u672a\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u6355\u6349\u201c\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u201d\u7684\u672c\u4e49\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u4ed6\u5bf9\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5ea6\u91cf\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u6216\u65b0\u9896\u6027\u7684\u6307\u6807\u90fd\u6301\u4fdd\u7559\u6001\u5ea6\uff1a\u201c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u771f\u6b63\u60f3\u7406\u89e3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7c97\u7cd9\u66ff\u4ee3\u54c1\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5434\u4ee4\u98de\u4e5f\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5b66\u754c\u5c1a\u672a\u5c31\u5e94\u91c7\u7528\u54ea\u4e9b\u6307\u6807\u8fbe\u6210\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u4ecd\u5904\u4e8e\u201c\u65e9\u671f\u9636\u6bb5\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u50cf\u4e8c\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\uff0c\u770b\u5f97\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u8d8a\u89c9\u5f97\u6251\u6714\u8ff7\u79bb\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bba\u70b9\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u6b63\u5728\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b0\u9896\u6027\u6216\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u6307\u6807\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u79d1\u7814\u7ecf\u8d39\u7684\u6295\u653e\u6548\u679c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0a\u6708\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76 [8] \u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fc7\u53bb\u56db\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97 NIH \u7eed\u671f\u8d44\u52a9\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5176\u4ea7\u51fa\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u65b0\u9896\u6027\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u663e\u8457\u9ad8\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u672a\u83b7\u7eed\u671f\u8d44\u52a9\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff0c\u8fd9\u6216\u8bb8\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u8d44\u52a9\u73af\u5883\u80fd\u591f\u5e26\u6765\u957f\u671f\u6536\u76ca\u3002\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u901a\u8fc7\u8003\u5bdf\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u548c\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u6027\u53ca\u6d41\u884c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u65b0\u9896\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e3a\u5bfb\u627e\u66f4\u7cbe\u51c6\u7684\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u5ea6\u91cf\uff0c\u591a\u4f4d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6b63\u8ba1\u5212\u5f00\u5c55\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002Bornmann \u5c06\u9080\u8bf7\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5217\u4e3e\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u771f\u6b63\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u8303\u5f0f\u7684\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6bd4\u5bf9\u5404\u79cd\u91cf\u5316\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u770b\u54ea\u4e00\u79cd\u6700\u80fd\u9884\u6d4b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e3b\u89c2\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u54e5\u672c\u54c8\u6839\u5927\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7cfb\u7edf\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6 Roberta Sinatra \u5219\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u8bba\u6587\u516c\u5f00\u524d\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u5148\u8ba9\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u8bc4\u4f30\u5176\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u98a0\u8986\u6027\uff0c\u518d\u5728\u53d1\u8868\u540e\u770b\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u6210\u4e3a\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u6210\u679c<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u4e3b\u52a8\u6027\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u89c2\u5bdf\u6027\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u201d\u5979\u8bf4\u3002Funk \u5219\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4ed6\u76ee\u524d\u4e3b\u8981\u8f6c\u5411\u5173\u6ce8\u8bba\u6587\u3001\u4e13\u5229\u548c\u57fa\u91d1\u7533\u8bf7\u4e2d\u8bed\u8a00\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u518d\u5355\u7eaf\u4f9d\u8d56\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u6807\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u521b\u65b0\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u56f0\u96be<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u5c3d\u7ba1\u56f4\u7ed5\u5982\u4f55\u51c6\u786e\u8861\u91cf\u201c\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u201d\u548c\u201c\u65b0\u9896\u6027\u201d\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u4f9d\u65e7\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u95e8\u69db\u6b63\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u8bba\u70b9\u662f\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\u521b\u65b0\u548c\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u6700\u7ec8\u5c06\u53cd\u6620\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u589e\u957f\u7387\u5728\u5bcc\u88d5\u56fd\u5bb6\u5df2\u7ecf\u653e\u7f13\u4e86\u6570\u5341\u5e74<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u5176 2016 \u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u7f8e\u56fd\u589e\u957f\u7684\u5174\u8870\u300b<\/span>\uff08The Rise and Fall of American Growth\uff09<\/span>\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d[9]\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6 Robert Gordon \u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u51ed\u501f\u6c7d\u8f66\u3001\u51b2\u6c34\u9a6c\u6876\u3001\u7535\u706f\u7b49\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u6280\u672f\u98de\u8dc3\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u589e\u957f\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e00\u53bb\u4e0d\u590d\u8fd4\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u653f\u7b56\u4e13\u5bb6 James Wilsdon\u4e5f\u611f\u53f9\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u6765\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6837\u7684\u54c0\u53f9\u201d \u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u8fd8\u8ffd\u8e2a\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u5185\u7814\u53d1<\/span>\uff08R&D\uff09<\/span>\u6536\u76ca\u9012\u51cf\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u7bc7 2020 \u5e74\u7531\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u56e2\u961f\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8bba\u6587 [10] \u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ef4\u6301\u6469\u5c14\u5b9a\u5f8b<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u5fae\u82af\u7247\u4e0a\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u6570\u91cf\u6bcf\u4e24\u5e74\u7ffb\u4e00\u756a\uff09<\/span>\u5f53\u4eca\u9700\u8981\u7684\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u662f\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684 18 \u500d\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u5728\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u3001\u5fc3\u810f\u75c5\u4e0e\u764c\u75c7\u6cbb\u7597\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u201c\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u54ea\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6784\u601d\u65b0\u70b9\u5b50\u2014\u2014\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u6240\u6697\u793a\u7684\u6307\u6570\u5f0f\u589e\u957f\u2014\u2014\u6108\u53d1\u96be\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u201d\u7814\u7a76\u56e2\u961f\u5199\u9053\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u53e6\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0 [11]\uff0c\u81ea 1950 \u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6bcf\u6295\u5165\u5341\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143<\/span>\uff08\u7ecf\u901a\u80c0\u8c03\u6574\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u7814\u53d1\u8d44\u91d1\u6240\u83b7\u65b0\u836f\u6279\u51c6\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u5927\u7ea6\u6bcf\u4e5d\u5e74\u5c31\u51cf\u534a\u3002Sinatra \u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u81ea\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u79d1\u7814\u7ecf\u8d39\u6fc0\u589e\uff1a1956 \u5e74\u5230 2020 \u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u7814\u53d1\u652f\u51fa<\/span>\uff08\u4ee5\u5b9e\u9645\u8d2d\u4e70\u529b\u8ba1\u7b97\uff09<\/span>\u589e\u52a0\u4e86 11 \u500d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u7ecf\u8d39\u548c\u4ece\u4e8b\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u90fd\u5728\u6307\u6570\u7ea7\u589e\u957f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u5979\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6295\u5165\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u5374\u5e76\u672a\u51fa\u73b0\u7b49\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u3002\u5979\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u957f\u7684\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u6e05\u5355\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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Funk \u5df2\u7ecf\u6536\u96c6\u4e86 40 \u591a\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u5747\u6307\u5411\u521b\u65b0\u7387\u4e0b\u964d\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u975e\u8425\u5229\u8d44\u52a9\u673a\u6784 Open Philanthropy \u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6 Matt Clancy \u5728 2022 \u5e74\u5bf9\u76f8\u5173\u8bc1\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u68b3\u7406\uff0c\u4e5f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53d1\u73b0\u6570\u91cf\u672a\u80fd\u8ddf\u4e0a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u7ecf\u8d39\u7684\u589e\u957f\u6b65\u4f10\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u6b63\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u96be\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5982\u679c\u79d1\u7814\u6295\u8d44\u56de\u62a5\u786e\u5b9e\u5728\u7f29\u6c34\uff0c\u80cc\u540e\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u91cd\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6700\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u8bb8\u591a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5728\u7ed9 Funk \u7684\u90ae\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u662f\u5982\u4eca\u79d1\u7814\u4eba\u5458\u8981\u82b1\u5927\u91cf\u65f6\u95f4\u5199\u8d44\u52a9\u7533\u8bf7\u3001\u5904\u7406\u884c\u653f\u4e8b\u52a1\u548c\u6388\u8bfe\uff0c\u7559\u7ed9\u201c\u539f\u521b\u601d\u8003\u201d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6240\u5269\u65e0\u51e0\u3002\u4e00\u9879\u8377\u5170\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0 [12]\uff0c\u8be5\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7ec8\u8eab\u6559\u6388\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf\u5468\u7528\u4e8e\u79d1\u7814\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u523020%\u3002\u4e0e\u534a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u524d\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u73b0\u4eca\u7684\u79d1\u7814\u4eba\u5458\u56e0\u804c\u4e1a\u751f\u6daf\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u7ecf\u8d39\u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u5927\u5e45\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u6295\u8eab\u975e\u4e3b\u6d41\u6216\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u79d1\u5b66\u53f2\u5b66\u8005 Patricia Fara \u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u6c83\u68ee\u548c\u5f17\u6717\u897f\u65af\u00b7\u514b\u91cc\u514b\u5728\u63ed\u793a DNA \u53cc\u87ba\u65cb\u7ed3\u6784\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u66fe\u6682\u65f6\u653e\u5f03\u624b\u5934\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5192\u7740\u6781\u5927\u98ce\u9669\u6295\u8eab\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u5982\u4eca\u82e5\u6709\u4eba\u8fd9\u6837\u957f\u671f\u8131\u5c97\uff0c\u6050\u6015\u5f88\u96be\u9003\u8fc7\u60e9\u5904\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u89e3\u91ca\u662f\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u5728\u201c\u53d1\u8868\u81f3\u4e0a\u201d\u7684\u538b\u529b\u4e0b\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u6216\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u201c\u5c06\u6210\u679c\u5207\u7247\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08salami slicing\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u628a\u7814\u7a76\u60f3\u6cd5\u5206\u6563\u5230\u66f4\u591a\u8bba\u6587\u91cc\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u6bcf\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u6216\u65b0\u9896\u6027\u3002\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u8499\u7279\u5229\u5c14\u5927\u5b66\u4fe1\u606f\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6 Vincent Larivi\u00e8re \u5206\u6790\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4ece1996\u5e74\u81f32023\u5e74\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u4eba\u5747\u8bba\u6587\u4ea7\u51fa\u7ea6\u7ffb\u4e86\u4e00\u756a\uff1b\u800c\u4e00\u9879\u53bb\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8868\u660e\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u53d1\u8868\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u4e0e\u5176\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u5f97\u5206\u5448\u660e\u663e\u8d1f\u76f8\u5173 <\/span><\/span><\/strong>[13]\u3002Funk \u8865\u5145\u9053\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u975e\u57fa\u5c42\u201c\u5e73\u5eb8\u79d1\u7814\u201d\u6cdb\u6ee5\u6240\u81f4\uff1a\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u5728\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6216\u53d1\u8868\u5728 Nature\u3001Science \u548c PNAS \u7b49\u9876\u7ea7\u671f\u520a\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u91cc\uff0c\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u5f97\u5206\u4e5f\u5448\u4e0b\u964d\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\u8d39\u7528\u9ad8\u6602\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u897f\u5317\u5927\u5b66\u4f0a\u5229\u8bfa\u4f0a\u5dde\u57c3\u6587\u65af\u987f\u5206\u6821\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u8005 \u738b\u5927\u987a \u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u6ce2\u4e49\u8033\u66fe\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u7684\u81ea\u5bb6\u5b85\u90b8\u91cc\u505a\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u5982\u4eca\u5219\u9700\u8981\u50cf\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u5927\u578b\u5f3a\u5b50\u5bf9\u649e\u673a\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u5de8\u578b\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u624d\u80fd\u63a8\u52a8\u79d1\u5b66\u524d\u6cbf<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u201c\u5f53\u4eca\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u8303\u56f4\u5982\u6b64\u5e7f\u9614\u4e14\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u201d\u4ed6\u611f\u53f9\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u738b\u5927\u987a\u662f\u96c6\u667a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u793e\u7fa4\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u56e2\u961f\u5728Nature\u53d1\u8868\u591a\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u96c6\u667a\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u4e5f\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6df1\u5165\u89e3\u8bfb\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u638c\u7ba1\u6210\u529f\u7684\u795e\u5728\u54ea\u513f\uff1f\u738b\u5927\u987a\u7b49\u4eba\u7efc\u8ff0\u6210\u529f\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u52a8\u529b\u5b66<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5206\u6790\u7ea6 7500 \u4e07\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u63ed\u793a\uff1a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5982\u4f55\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u63a8\u52a8\u79d1\u5b66\u521b\u65b0\uff5c\u96c6\u667a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6700\u65b0\u6210\u679c<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f53\u91cf\u81a8\u80c0\uff0c\u79d1\u7814\u4eba\u5458\u8981\u5b66\u5230\u80fd\u591f\u7ad9\u5728\u524d\u6cbf\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u6240\u9700\u65f6\u95f4\u4e5f\u66f4\u957f\u3002\u738b\u5927\u987a \u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u5728\u2018\u7ad9\u5728\u5de8\u4eba\u80a9\u8180\u4e0a\u2019\u524d\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de8\u4eba\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u4ee5\u6307\u6570\u901f\u7387\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u957f\u9ad8\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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Sinatra \u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u5177\u6709\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u4f9d\u7136\u5b58\u5728\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u4f46\u79d1\u5b66\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u7528\u4e8e\u9605\u8bfb\u3001\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5f15\u7528\u65b0\u6210\u679c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7cbe\u529b\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6bcf\u5e74\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u8bba\u6587\u80fd\u591f\u83b7\u5f97\u201c\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u201d\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3002\u5979\u6307\u51fa\u2014\u2014\u201c\u4ece\u4f17\u6548\u5e94\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\u53ef\u80fd\u6108\u53d1\u7a81\u51fa\uff0c\u6709\u5c06\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u805a\u7126\u5230\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u8bba\u6587\u4e0a\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u8981\u6210\u4e3a\u2018\u7a81\u7834\u2019\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u96c6\u4f53\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6697\u793a\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4e9b\u7a81\u7834\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u662f\u9519\u8fc7\u4e86\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bba\u6587\u5728\u53d1\u8868\u540e\u53ef\u80fd\u6c89\u5bc2\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0\u5e76\u83b7\u5f97\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5f15\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4f46\u4e0e\u521b\u65b0\u653e\u7f13\u6700\u96be\u4ee5\u8c03\u548c\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5df2\u7ecf\u6458\u5c3d\u4e86\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u201c\u4f4e\u5782\u679c\u5b9e\u201d\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u82e5\u8981\u53d6\u5f97\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u4ed8\u51fa\u5448\u6307\u6570\u589e\u957f\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u3002\u82e5\u771f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u65e9\u671f\u6210\u719f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u7406\u5e94\u6bd4\u65b0\u5174\u9886\u57df\u653e\u7f13\u5f97\u66f4\u5389\u5bb3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u524d\u8005\u7684\u201c\u4f4e\u5782\u679c\u5b9e\u201d\u65e9\u5df2\u88ab\u91c7\u5c3d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0cFunk \u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u8001\u724c\u9886\u57df\u8fd8\u662f\u65b0\u5174\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5176\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u6307\u6807\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\u901f\u5ea6\u90fd\u5927\u81f4\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4ed6\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u6280\u672f\u6210\u719f\u5ea6\u7684\u4e13\u5229\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5316\u5de5\u4e0e\u8ba1\u7b97\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5176\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u5f97\u5206\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u540c\u6b65\u4e0b\u964d\u7684\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u521b\u610f\u9886\u57df\u5982\u827a\u672f\uff0c\u4e5f\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u65b0\u9896\u5ea6\u4e0b\u964d\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u534a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u6b4c\u66f2\u6b4c\u8bcd\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u4e3a\u91cd\u590d [14]\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

Funk \u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u827a\u672f\u5171\u540c\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u662f\uff1a\u5bf9\u5404\u7c7b\u201c\u6307\u6807\u201d\u7684\u8fc7\u5ea6\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u8bba\u6587\u5f15\u7528\u91cf\u3001\u6b4c\u66f2\u64ad\u653e\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u7535\u5f71\u7968\u623f\u3002\u201c\u5982\u4eca\u5927\u5bb6\u6bd4\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u66f4\u4ee5\u5404\u79cd\u6307\u6807\u4e3a\u5bfc\u5411\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u6307\u6807\u6700\u5927\u5316\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6b63\u5728\u627c\u6740\u539f\u521b\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5982\u4f55\u5316\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


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\u968f\u7740\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u521b\u65b0\u96be\u5ea6\u65e5\u76ca\u52a0\u5267\u7684\u62c5\u5fe7\u4e0d\u65ad\u5347\u6e29\uff0c\u5404\u7c7b\u5021\u8bae\u3001\u8d44\u52a9\u9879\u76ee\u548c\u673a\u6784\u5982\u96e8\u540e\u6625\u7b0b\u822c\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u63a2\u7d22\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7acb\u6280\u672f\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u5956\u52b1\u6765\u6fc0\u52b1\u79d1\u7814\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u9632\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7814\u7a76\u8ba1\u5212\u5c40<\/span>\uff08DARPA\uff09<\/span>\u57282004\u5e74\u53d1\u8d77\u7684\u201c\u6c99\u6f20\u65e0\u4eba\u9a7e\u9a76\u6311\u6218\u8d5b\u201d\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u56e2\u961f\u7814\u5236\u80fd\u591f\u7a7f\u8d8a\u6c99\u6f20\u5730\u5f62\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u9a7e\u9a76\u8f66\u8f86\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e3e\u63aa\u4e3a\u540e\u6765\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u9a7e\u9a76\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u662f\u52a0\u5feb\u5e76\u7075\u6d3b\u5316\u8d44\u52a9\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5728\u65b0\u51a0\u75ab\u60c5\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u79c1\u4eba\u8d44\u52a9\u65b9\u627f\u8bfa\u572848\u5c0f\u65f6\u5185\u4f5c\u51fa\u62e8\u6b3e\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u8ba9\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u80fd\u7acb\u5373\u5c06\u7814\u7a76\u91cd\u5fc3\u8f6c\u5411\u6297\u75ab\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u7b49\u5f85\u4f20\u7edf\u8d44\u52a9\u6d41\u7a0b\u7684\u6f2b\u957f\u5ba1\u6279\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u79d1\u6280\u653f\u7b56\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u4e3b\u4efb Michael Kratsios \u5728\u56db\u6708\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\u4e2d\u5373\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u5956\u52b1\u673a\u5236\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u62e8\u6b3e\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5fb7\u56fd\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u5df2\u5148\u540e\u6210\u7acb\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u4ee5\u8d44\u52a9\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u7406\u5ff5\u2014\u2014\u800c\u975e\u6e10\u8fdb\u5f0f\u6539\u8fdb\u2014\u2014\u4e3a\u5b97\u65e8\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u5927\u4f17\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a<\/span>\uff08Volkswagen Foundation\uff09<\/span>\u751a\u81f3\u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u201c\u79d1\u5e7b\u201d\u8bfe\u9898\u8d44\u52a9\uff0c\u9f13\u52b1\u4ed6\u4eec\u63a2\u7d22\u90a3\u4e9b\u56e0\u8fc7\u4e8e\u5f02\u60f3\u5929\u5f00\u800c\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u8d44\u52a9\u65b9\u89c6\u4f5c\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u8d44\u52a9\u8d44\u6e90\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u5c11\u6570\u201c\u70ed\u95e8\u201d\u9886\u57df<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\uff09<\/span>\uff0cSinatra \u5efa\u8bae\u91c7\u7528\u66f4\u968f\u673a\u7684\u62e8\u6b3e\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u65b0\u897f\u5170\uff09<\/span>\u5df2\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u8fbe\u57fa\u672c\u8d28\u91cf\u95e8\u69db\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u62bd\u7b7e\u51b3\u5b9a\u54ea\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u83b7\u8d44\u52a9\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6765\u81ea\u201c\u5143\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u4e3a\u6ce8\u5165\u66f4\u591a\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u6210\u679c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7ebf\u7d22\u3002\u4f9d\u9760 CD \u6307\u6570\uff0c\u5434\u4ee4\u98de\u548c\u738b\u5927\u987a \u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5c0f\u56e2\u961f\u6bd4\u5927\u56e2\u961f\u66f4\u6613\u4ea7\u751f\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u6210\u679c[15]\u3002\u5434\u4ee4\u98de\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5927\u56e2\u961f\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u534f\u8c03\u548c\u98ce\u9669\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0a\u627f\u62c5\u66f4\u5927\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u96be\u4ee5\u96c6\u4e2d\u7cbe\u529b\u8fdb\u884c\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\u9ad8\u56de\u62a5\u7684\u539f\u521b\u6027\u63a2\u7d22\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5927\u56e2\u961f\u66f4\u5e38\u4f9d\u8d56\u65f6\u9650\u578b\u8d44\u52a9\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5feb\u901f\u4ea7\u51fa\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u201c\u4f60\u5f97\u53d1\u8868\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u5374\u5f88\u96be\u627f\u62c5\u98ce\u9669\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u96c6\u667a\u5bf9\u8be5\u5434\u4ee4\u98de\u7b49\u4eba\u5de5\u4f5c[15]\u7684\u89e3\u8bfb\uff1a<\/span>\u96c6\u667a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5434\u4ee4\u98deNature\u53d1\u6587\uff1a\u5927\u56e2\u961f\u6e10\u8fdb\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5c0f\u56e2\u961f\u98a0\u8986\u5f0f\u521b\u65b0<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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\u897f\u5317\u5927\u5b66\u7684 Brian Uzzi \u5408\u8457\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0[16]\uff0c\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u540c\u8d28\u56e2\u961f\uff0c\u6027\u522b\u591a\u6837\u5316\u56e2\u961f\u4ea7\u51fa\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u65b0\u9896\u6027\u2014\u2014\u5728 \u201c\u65b0\u9896\u5ea6\u201d\u6307\u6807\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u7528\u6765\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u884c\u4e1a\u671f\u520a\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u6587\u732e\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u9762\u534f\u4f5c<\/span>\uff08\u800c\u975e\u8fdc\u7a0b\uff09<\/span>\u53ef\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u5f97\u5206[17]\u3002\u5404\u56fd\u548c\u673a\u6784\u4e5f\u7eb7\u7eb7\u52a0\u5927\u5bf9\u5143\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u4e0e\u6295\u5165\u3002\u53bb\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u8d44\u52a9\u673a\u6784\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u5143\u79d1\u5b66\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8d44\u52a9\u201c\u8fc7\u4e8e\u89c4\u907f\u98ce\u9669\u3001\u5b58\u5728\u504f\u89c1\u3001\u4e0d\u591f\u516c\u5e73\u4e14\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u4e0b\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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<\/span><\/h2>\n

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\u653f\u6cbb\u98ce\u9669<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


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\u5373\u4fbf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u6b63\u52aa\u529b\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u4e0e\u65b0\u9896\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u601d\u8003\u6539\u8fdb\u4e4b\u7b56\uff0c\u79d1\u7814\u6295\u8d44\u56de\u62a5\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u65e5\u76ca\u6210\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u4e89\u8bba\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u3002\u5317\u4f0a\u5229\u8bfa\u4f0a\u5927\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u653f\u7b56\u4e13\u5bb6 Brian Uzzi \u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u6c1b\u56f4\u624d\u8ba9 Funk \u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u4ee4\u79d1\u7814\u754c\u5927\u4e3a\u9707\u60ca\u3002\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u540e\u90fd\u8bf4\uff0c\u2018\u5929\u54ea\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u771f\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u5c31\u8981\u628a\u94b1\u6295\u5230\u522b\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u53bb\u4e86\u2019\uff0c\u201d\u4ed6\u8fd9\u6837\u63cf\u8ff0\u9053\u3002\u5728\u6700\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u4e0b\u6ed1\u7684\u62c5\u5fe7\u4f1a\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u653b\u51fb\u6574\u4e2a\u79d1\u7814\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u6b66\u5668\u3002Uzzi \u8b66\u544a\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u6253\u538b\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u2014\u2014\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u76ee\u524d\u5c31\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0a\u6f14\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u66fe\u4efb\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u7814\u7a76\u653f\u7b56\u5b98\u5458\u3001\u73b0\u4efb\u534e\u76db\u987f\u7f8e\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u8054\u5408\u4f1a<\/span>\uff08Federation of American Scientists\uff09<\/span>\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u7684 Cole Donovan \u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u75ab\u82d7\u548c\u764c\u75c7\u6cbb\u7597\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u79d1\u6280\u8fdb\u6b65\u4f9d\u7136\u5728\u7a33\u6b65\u63a8\u8fdb\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u6280\u672f\u6539\u8fdb\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u5df2\u4e0d\u5982\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u90a3\u79cd\u5bb6\u7528\u51b0\u7bb1\u666e\u53ca\u3001\u5546\u4e1a\u822a\u73ed\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5f00\u901a\u65f6\u90a3\u6837\u5177\u6709\u9769\u547d\u6027\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u91cd\u78c5\u201d\u6280\u672f\u6108\u53d1\u7a00\u7f3a\u7684\u611f\u89c9\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u653f\u6cbb\u5c42\u9762\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u524a\u51cf\u79d1\u7814\u7ecf\u8d39\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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Funk \u672c\u4eba\u6700\u8fd1\u4e5f\u906d\u9047\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a<\/span>\uff08NSF\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u4e00\u7b14\u8d44\u52a9\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u7b14\u7ecf\u8d39\u7528\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u5982\u4f55\u6539\u8fdb\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u884c\u4e1a\u5bf9\u5973\u6027\u7684\u62db\u8058\u652f\u6301\u3002\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u53ea\u662f\u7279\u6717\u666e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4efb\u671f\u5185\u88ab\u780d\u6389\u7684\u6570\u5343\u9879\u8d44\u52a9\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u201c\u5f53\u524d\u5bf9\u79d1\u7814\u7ecf\u8d39\u7684\u524a\u51cf\u4ee4\u6211\u6df1\u611f\u6cae\u4e27\uff0c\u201d\u4ed6\u5982\u662f\u8bf4\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u540c\u65f6\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u56e0\u5bb3\u6015\u654c\u5bf9\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u52bf\u529b\u501f\u9898\u53d1\u6325\uff0c\u800c\u56de\u907f\u5bf9\u79d1\u7814\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u8870\u9000\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u201c\u5728\u6211\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u76f4\u9762\u521b\u65b0\u653e\u7f13\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u2014\u2014\u800c\u662f\u62ef\u6551\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


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1. Park, M., Leahey, E. & Funk, R. J. <\/span><\/span>Nature<\/span><\/span><\/em>613<\/span><\/span><\/strong>, 138\u2013144 (2023).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

2. Funk, R. J. & Owen-Smith, J. <\/span><\/span>Mgmt Sci.<\/span><\/span><\/em>63<\/span><\/span><\/strong>, 791\u2013817 (2016).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

3. Uzzi, B., Mukherjee, S., Stringer, M. & Jones, B. <\/span><\/span>Science<\/span><\/span><\/em>342<\/span><\/span><\/strong>, 468\u2013472 (2013).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

4. Teplitskiy, M., Duede, E., Menietti, M. & Lakhani, K. R. <\/span><\/span>Res. Policy<\/span><\/span><\/em>51<\/span><\/span><\/strong>, 104484 (2022).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

5. Park, M., Leahey, E. & Funk, R. J. Preprint at arXiv <\/span><\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2503.00184<\/span><\/span><\/span> (2025).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

6. Arts, S., Melluso, N. & Veugelers, R. <\/span><\/span>Rev. Econ. Stat<\/span><\/span><\/em>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/rest_a_01561 (2025).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

7. Jumper, J. <\/span><\/span>et al.<\/span><\/span><\/em>Nature<\/span><\/span><\/em>596<\/span><\/span><\/strong>, 583\u2013589 (2021).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

8. Li, B. & Bai, A. <\/span><\/span>Scientometrics<\/span><\/span><\/em> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11192-025-05295-1 (2025).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

9. Gordon, R. J. <\/span><\/span>The Rise and Fall of American Growt<\/span><\/span><\/em>h (Princeton Univ. Press, 2016).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

10. Bloom, N., Jones, C. I., Van Reenen, J. & Webb, M. <\/span><\/span>Am. Econ. Rev.<\/span><\/span><\/em>110<\/span><\/span><\/strong>, 1104\u20131144 (2020).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

11. Scannell, J., Blanckley, A., Boldon, H. & Warrington, B. <\/span><\/span>Nature Rev. Drug Discov.<\/span><\/span><\/em>11<\/span><\/span><\/strong>, 191\u2013200 (2012).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

12. Koens, L., Hofman, R. & de Jonge, J. <\/span><\/span>What Motivates Researchers? Research Excellence is still a Priority<\/span><\/span><\/em> (Rathenau Inst., 2018).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

13. Li, H., Tessone, C. J. & Zeng, A. <\/span><\/span>Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA<\/span><\/span><\/em>121<\/span><\/span><\/strong>, e2322462121 (2024).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

14. Parada-Cabaleiro, E. <\/span><\/span>et al.<\/span><\/span><\/em>Sci. Rep.<\/span><\/span><\/em>14<\/span><\/span><\/strong>, 5531 (2024).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

15. Wu, L., Wang, D. & Evans, J. A. <\/span><\/span>Nature<\/span><\/span><\/em>566<\/span><\/span><\/strong>, 378\u2013382 (2019).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

16. Yang, Y., Tian, T. Y., Woodruff, T. K., Jones, B. F. & Uzzi, B. <\/span><\/span>Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA<\/span><\/span><\/em>119<\/span><\/span><\/strong>, e2200841119 (2022).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

17. Lin, Y., Frey, C. B. & Wu, L. <\/span><\/span>Nature<\/span><\/span><\/em>623<\/span><\/span><\/strong>, 987\u2013991 (2023).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff1ahttps:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-025-01548-4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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AI+Science \u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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AI+Science \u662f\u8fd1\u5e74\u5174\u8d77\u7684\u5c06\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f AI for Science\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u5176\u4ed6 AI \u6280\u672f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ece\u9884\u6d4b\u5929\u6c14\u548c\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5230\u6a21\u62df\u661f\u7cfb\u78b0\u649e\u3001\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4f18\u5316\u6838\u805a\u53d8\u53cd\u5e94\u5806\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u50cf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e00\u6837\u8fdb\u884c\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u201c\u7b2c\u4e94\u8303\u5f0f\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f Science for AI\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u542f\u53d1\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4e3a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u63d0\u4f9b\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
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