{"id":60527,"date":"2025-06-10T19:08:34","date_gmt":"2025-06-10T11:08:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=60527"},"modified":"2025-06-10T19:08:34","modified_gmt":"2025-06-10T11:08:34","slug":"%e6%96%b0%e4%b9%a6%e9%80%9f%e9%80%92%ef%bd%9c%e3%80%8a%e4%bd%95%e4%b8%ba%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%a6%e3%80%8b%ef%bc%9a%e8%b5%b0%e5%87%ba%e7%94%9f%e5%91%bd%e7%9b%b2%e7%82%b9%ef%bc%9a%e5%bd%93","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=60527","title":{"rendered":"\u65b0\u4e66\u901f\u9012\uff5c\u300a\u4f55\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u300b\uff1a\u8d70\u51fa\u201c\u751f\u547d\u76f2\u70b9\u201d\uff1a\u5f53\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u9047\u4e0a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5c3d\u5934"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"\u63ed\u79d8\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u5b8f\u4f1f\u84dd\u56fe\uff1a\u79bd\u7c7b\u80da\u80ce\u53d1\u80b2\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u7269\u7406\u673a\u5236\u4e0e\u5de5\u7a0b\u5316\u5e94\u7528\u524d\u666f-<\/section>\n
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1. \u706b\u7130\u3001\u98d3\u98ce\u4e0e\u7ec6\u80de\u90fd\u5177\u5907\u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u4e3a\u4f55\u53ea\u6709\u540e\u8005\u62e5\u6709\u201c\u610f\u4e49\u5efa\u6784\u201d\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff1f\u610f\u4e49\u7a76\u7adf\u6e90\u4e8e\u4f55\u5904\uff1f<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
2. \u6587\u7ae0\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fdb\u5316\u65e0\u6cd5\u5199\u6210\u201c\u8fd0\u52a8\u5b9a\u5f8b\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u76f8\u7a7a\u95f4\u968f\u5386\u53f2\u5c55\u5f00\u800c\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e94\u5982\u4f55\u8c03\u6574\u2014\u2014\u662f\u653e\u5f03\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u53d1\u5c55\u65b0\u7684\u201c\u5386\u53f2\u2014\u7edf\u8ba1\u201d\u6846\u67b6\uff1f<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
3. \u82e5\u751f\u547d\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5e76\u975e\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7c7b\u673a\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u201c\u6d3b\u201d\u8d77\u6765\uff1f\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u62e5\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7279\u5f81\u624d\u80fd\u8de8\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6761\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\uff1f<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n


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Adam Frank, Marcelo Gleiser, Evan Thompson\u4e28\u4f5c\u8005<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5468\u7a0b\uff0c\u5ed6\u65b0\u5a9b\uff0c\u6768\u519b\u6d01\uff0c \u4e07\u8212\u5a75\uff5c\u8bd1\u8005<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4ece\u7269\u7406\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u5076\u7136\u6027\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u529b\u5b66\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3001\u7535\u78c1\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u4ee5\u53ca\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u94fe\u6761\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u65e0\u6cd5\u786e\u5b9a\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u751f\u6210\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u751f\u547d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8bf4\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u8fd9\u79cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u771f\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u96be\u4ee5\u5224\u65ad\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u751f\u547d\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u975e\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u67d0\u79cd\u5185\u5728\u7279\u8d28\u3002\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4f9d\u9760\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u771f\u6b63\u8fa8\u522b\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\uff08\u751f\u7269\u9886\u57df\uff09<\/span>\u4e0e\u975e\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\uff08\u975e\u751f\u7269\u9886\u57df\uff09<\/span>\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8c61\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e76\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u751f\u547d\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u667a\u80fd\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6d3b\u751f\u751f\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6301\u7eed\u5730\u66f4\u65b0<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u548c\u7ef4\u6301\u81ea\u8eab\u3002\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u88ab\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u67d0\u79cd\u4e16\u754c\u6a21\u578b\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u79f0\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e16\u754c\u6a21\u578b\u4e3a<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u8ba4\u77e5\u672c\u4f53\u8bba<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u8be6\u5c3d\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u5176\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u3002\u6b64\u822c\u65e0\u751f\u547d\u3001\u975e\u5177\u8eab\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u591f\u8574\u542b\u751f\u547d\uff1f\u5b83\u5982\u4f55\u8fa8\u522b\u54ea\u4e9b\u73b0\u8c61\u662f\u6709\u751f\u547d\u7684\uff1f\u5b83\u5982\u4f55\u77e5\u9053\u5fc3\u810f\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u6cf5\u8840\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u53d1\u58f0\uff0c\u6bd5\u7adf\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u662f\u7269\u7406\u6548\u5e94\uff1f\u5b83\u5982\u4f55\u5206\u8fa8\u6b63\u5e38\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u75c5\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6bd5\u7adf\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5bf9\u6b64\u8868\u73b0\u4e00\u81f4\uff1f\u6b63\u5982\u6cd5\u56fd\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u517c\u533b\u751f\u4e54\u6cbb<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00b7<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5eb7\u5409\u83b1\u59c6\u6240\u5199\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u867d\u7136\u602a\u7269\u662f\u6709\u751f\u547d\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u6b63\u5e38\u4e0e\u75c5\u6001\u4e4b\u5206\u3002\u6b63\u5e38\u4e0e\u75c5\u6001\u7684\u533a\u522b\u4ec5\u9002<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u4f53<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u3002<\/span>\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5316\u5b66\u8868\u5f81\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u7528<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u8bf4\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u9a8c\u4e86\u3002<\/span>\u65e2\u7136\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u591f\u5c06\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7eb3\u5165\u89c6\u91ce\uff0c\u53c8\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u591f\u533a\u5206\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4e0e\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6216\u5065\u5eb7\u4e0e\u75be\u75c5\uff1f<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u7136\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u6709\u66f4\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\u611f\u77e5\u6d3b\u7740\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u80fd\u591f\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ecf\u9a8c\u65e9\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5f97\u4ee5\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e5f\u4e30\u5bcc\u548c\u4fee\u6b63\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u79d1\u5b66\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5927\u5927\u6269\u5c55\u4e86\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u6b63\u5982<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u6c49\u65af<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00b7<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7ea6\u7eb3\u65af\u6240\u5199\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u751f\u547d\u624d\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u751f\u547d\u3002\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u547d\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u6df1\u5316\u548c\u4fee\u6b63\uff0c\u5374\u65e0\u6cd5\u5426\u8ba4\u751f\u547d\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff1a<\/span>\u6b63\u5982\u7ea6\u7eb3\u65af\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u7269\u7406\u5316\u5b66\u4e4b\u795e\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u4e2d\u754c\u5b9a\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5b83\u53ea\u80fd\u611f\u77e5\u5230\u539f\u5b50\u548c\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5206\u5b50\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/span>\u6ca1\u6709\u5177\u8eab\u7ecf\u9a8c\u548c\u751f\u547d\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u795e\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u5728\u5206\u5b50\u3001\u539f\u5b50\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u66f4\u66ff\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u56fa\u5b9a\u5f62\u5f0f\u6216\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u4e2a\u4f53\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5947\u602a\u7684\u5faa\u73af<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4ee5\u751f\u547d\u8bc6\u522b\u751f\u547d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u6070\u6070\u63ed<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u793a\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u76f2\u70b9\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u79d1\u5b66\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u70ed\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u79d1\u5b66\u4e5f\u662f\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u547d\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u611f\u89c9\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u7269\u7406\u5316\u5b66\u6216\u529f\u80fd\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5c06\u7269\u7406\u8fd0\u52a8\u8fa8\u8bc6\u4e3a\u884c\u4e3a<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5982\u9c7c\u7c7b\u6216\u7ec6\u83cc\u7684\u6e38\u52a8\uff0c\u9e1f\u7c7b\u6216\u6606\u866b\u7684\u98de\u884c\uff0c\u6216\u690d\u7269\u7684\u751f\u957f<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5373\u4fbf\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u9519\u8bef\u5730<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5c06\u751f\u547d\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u975e\u751f\u547d\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u5236\u54c1\u3002\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4ee5\u751f\u547d\u5bf9\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5931\u5fc6\u75c7\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u76f2\u70b9\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u5728\u672c\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4ece\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u8f6c\u5411\u751f\u547d\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u5728\u7406\u89e3\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u57fa\u7840\u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u975e\u51e1\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u5bf9<\/span><\/span><\/span>DNA<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff08\u8131\u6c27\u6838\u7cd6\u6838\u9178\uff09<\/span>\u3001<\/span><\/span><\/span>RNA<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff08\u6838\u7cd6\u6838\u9178\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u86cb<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u767d\u8d28\u5408\u6210\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fdb\u5c55\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5fae\u89c2\u8fd8\u539f\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span>\uff08\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u6765\u5206\u6790\u6574\u4f53\uff09<\/span>\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u7684\u76f2\u70b9\u89c6\u89d2\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u5b8c\u5168\u7531\u5176\u90e8\u5206\u6027\u8d28\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u5206\u5b50\u673a\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u663e\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6084\u7136\u66ff\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u4e00\u79cd\u78b0\u5de7\u6709\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u7136\u800c\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u751f\u547d\u5982\u673a\u5668<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/span>life-as-machine<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u5b58\u5728\u6df1\u523b\u7f3a\u9677\u3002\u673a\u5668\u7684\u6bd4\u55bb\u53ea\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4ece\u5176\u80cc\u666f\u4e2d\u62bd\u8c61\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u81ea\u6211\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u7ef4\u6301\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u81ea<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u6211\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u4fee\u590d\u5e76\u901a\u5e38\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u6211\u7ef4\u6301\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u53eb\u4f5c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/span>biological autonomy<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u81ea\u6211\u4e2a\u4f53\u5316\u3001\u80fd\u52a8\u6027\u548c\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u81ea\u4e3b<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7528\u7ea6\u7eb3\u65af\u7684\u8bdd\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u6709\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u81ea\u7531<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d\u2014\u2014<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4f7f\u751f\u547d\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u7269\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u5de5\u5236\u54c1\u90fd\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u751f\u547d\u5982\u673a\u5668<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7684\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u65e0\u6cd5\u6355\u6349\u8fd9\u79cd\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u89e3\u91ca\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0a\u5931\u8d25\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u9664\u4e86\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u76f2\u70b9\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7269\u7406\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u526f\u73b0\u8c61\u8bba\uff0c\u4e5f\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u751f\u547d\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u8bba\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u3002\u5176\u6839\u6e90\u5728\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u4e24\u5206\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e8c\u5206\u6cd5\u8981\u6c42\u5c06\u751f\u547d\u6700\u663e\u8457\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5982\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u548c\u80fd\u52a8\u6027\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u66f4\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7684\u526f<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u73b0\u8c61\u5206\u79bb\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u72ed\u4e49\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5982\u4ece\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u53ca\u5176\u73af\u5883\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u80cc\u666f\u4e2d\u62bd\u8c61\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u88ab\u62ac\u9ad8\u5230\u751f\u547d\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90e8\u5206\u6084\u7136\u66ff\u4ee3\u4e86\u6574\u4f53\uff0c\u5373\u81ea\u6211\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u6784\u5efa\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6709\u673a\u4f53\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u88ab\u9690\u85cf\u4e14\u4e0d\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u91cd\u70b9\u63a2\u8ba8\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u5982\u4f55\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u4eec\u6452\u5f03\u5c06\u751f\u547d\u89c6\u4e3a\u5206\u5b50\u673a\u5668\u7684\u76f2\u70b9\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u8f6c\u800c\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u8c03\u751f\u7269\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u548c\u5f00\u653e\u6027\u5386\u53f2\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u6765\u770b\u5f85\u751f\u547d\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u706b\u7130\u3001\u98d3\u98ce\u548c\u6052\u661f<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


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\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\u548c\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u663e\u8457\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u5b9a\u4e49\u751f\u547d\u6216\u786e\u5207\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u4e0e\u975e\u751f\u547d\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u4ecd\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u8fbe\u6210\u5171\u8bc6\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u4e09\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1a\u706b\u7130\u3001\u98d3\u98ce\u548c\u6052\u661f<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u8fd9\u4e09\u8005\u90fd\u6709\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/span>dissipative structures<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7279\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u5468\u56f4\u73af\u5883\u4ea4\u6362\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u80fd\u91cf\u8fdc\u79bb\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u751f\u6210\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u7ed3\u6784<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u98d3\u98ce\u7684\u65cb\u98ce\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8fdc\u79bb\u5e73\u8861\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784\u5728\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6bd4\u6bd4\u7686\u662f\uff0c\u4f46\u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u6784\u6210\u6709\u673a\u4f53\uff1a\u706b\u7130\u3001\u98d3\u98ce\u548c\u6052\u661f\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u3002\u5173\u6ce8\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u601d\u8003\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u751f\u547d\u4ee5\u53ca\u751f\u547d\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u9996\u5148\u4ece\u706b\u7130\u8bf4\u8d77\u3002\u706b\u7130\u4ee5\u6269\u6563\u548c\u6d88\u8017\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e9b\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6765\u7ef4\u6301\u81ea\u8eab\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6d88\u8017\u6c27\u6c14\u4ee5\u6301\u7eed\u71c3\u70e7\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u50cf\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u4e00\u6837\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u653e<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5728\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u706b\u7130\u4f1a\u8513\u5ef6\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f80\u5f80\u5e26\u6765\u707e\u96be\u6027\u7684\u540e\u679c\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u706b\u7130\u4e0e\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u628a\u6c27\u6c14\u71c3\u70e7\u79f0\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8c22\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1b\u706b\u7130\u4e0e\u7ec6\u80de\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u90e8\u751f\u6210\u7684\u7269\u7406\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u4ece\u51e0\u4f55\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u706b\u7130\u6709\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5f62\u72b6\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u819c\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u62d3\u6251\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u706b\u7130\u7684\u6269\u6563\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7e41\u6b96\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u706b\u7130\u4e0d\u4f1a\u50cf\u7ec6\u80de\u5206\u88c2\u4e00\u6837\u590d\u5236\u5176\u7ed3\u6784\u5e76\u5206\u88c2\u6210\u4e24\u56e2\uff1b\u706b\u7130\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u540c<\/span><\/span><\/span>DNA<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u590d\u5236\u4e00\u6837\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6a21\u677f\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u53e6\u4e00\u56e2\u706b\u7130\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u706b\u7130\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u90e8\u5173\u4e8e\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u4ee3\u4ee3\u76f8\u4f20\u7684\u8c31\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u4ee3\u4e2d\u4fdd\u7559\u5e76\u53d8\u5316\u5176\u7ed3\u6784\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u706b\u7130\u4e0d\u662f\u76ee\u6807\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u706b\u7130<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5728\u5c71\u8c37\u4e2d\u5411\u6eaa\u6d41\u65b9\u5411\u71c3\u70e7\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u4e00\u76f4\u71c3\u70e7\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230\u6c34\u800c\u7184\u706d\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ee7\u7eed\u71c3\u70e7\u800c\u4e3b\u52a8\u5bfb\u627e\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u71c3\u6599\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u4f1a\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u5730\u8c03\u8282\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u8fdc\u79bb\u5e73\u8861\u6001<\/span>\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/span>far-from-equilibrium<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u907f\u514d\u6709\u5bb3\u7684\u73af\u5883\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u81ea\u8eab\u5ef6\u7eed\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6539\u53d8\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u90a3\u4e48\u98d3\u98ce\u53c8\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u56de\u4e8b\u5462\uff1f\u50cf\u706b\u7130\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u98d3\u98ce\u4e5f\u662f\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u3001\u8fdc\u79bb\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u73af\u5883\u652f\u6301\u624d\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u548c\u7ef4\u6301\u81ea\u8eab\u3002\u98d3\u98ce\u7684\u79fb\u52a8\u4e0e\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u6e7f\u5ea6\u3001\u6c14\u538b\u548c\u6e29\u5ea6\u6761\u4ef6\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u8fde\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u5229\u7684\u6c14\u8c61\u6761\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u57fa\u672c\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u6728\u661f\u7684\u5927\u7ea2\u6591\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u53cd\u6c14\u65cb\u98ce\u66b4\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6301\u7eed\u4e86\u81f3\u5c11<\/span><\/span><\/span>400<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5e74\u3002\u4f46\u548c\u706b\u7130\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c06\u98d3\u98ce\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u6027\u4e0e\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u751f\u547d\u72b6\u6001\u7b49\u540c\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u6052\u661f\u4e5f\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u7ef4\u6301\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u5f15\u529b\u52bf\u80fd<\/span>\uff08\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u7f13\u6162\u5730\u5185\u7206\uff09<\/span>\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u9ad8\u538b\u548c\u9ad8\u6e29\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7ef4\u6301\u81ea\u8eab\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6838\u805a\u53d8\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u6052\u661f\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u541e\u566c\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5403<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5185\u810f\u6765\u751f\u5b58\u3002\u6052\u661f\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u62c9\u952f\u6218<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5f15\u529b\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u5411\u5185\u6324\u538b\uff0c\u6838\u805a\u53d8\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u70b8\u5f00\u3002\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u770b\u4f3c\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u7a33\u5b9a\u5b58\u5728\u6570\u5341\u4ebf\u5e74\u3002\u592a\u9633\uff0c\u4e00\u9897\u5b58\u5728\u4e86\u7ea6<\/span><\/span><\/span>50<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4ebf\u5e74\u7684\u4e2d\u7b49\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u6052\u661f\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5927\u7ea6\u5904\u4e8e\u5176\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7684\u4e2d\u671f\u3002\u6052\u661f\u5f62\u6210\u4e8e\u5bcc\u542b\u6c14\u4f53\u548c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5316\u5b66\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u533a\u57df\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u6052\u661f\u80b2\u5a74\u5ba4<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u9897\u6052\u661f\u8017\u5c3d\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u71c3\u6599\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u5728\u4e00\u573a\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u7206\u70b8\u4e2d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u6b7b\u4ea1<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u6ce2\u4f1a\u4f20\u64ad\u5f00\u6765\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u7269\u8d28\u6563\u5e03\u5230\u661f\u9645\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51b2\u51fb\u6ce2\u4e0e\u6c14\u4f53\u4e91\u78b0\u649e\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u65b0\u6052\u661f\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ece\u5e7f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u6052\u661f\u5728\u7e41\u6b96\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e0e\u65b0\u751f\u6052\u661f\u5171\u4eab\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u7269\u8d28\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u6052\u661f\u7684\u751f\u6b7b\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u8574\u542b\u7740\u8bd7\u610f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u547d\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8d4b\u4e88\u5176\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u5982\u6b64\u6df1\u523b\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5730\u65b9\u90fd\u770b\u5230\u751f\u547d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6052\u661f\u5e76\u4e0d\u50cf\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u90a3\u6837\u662f\u6709\u751f\u547d\u7684<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5b83\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u901a\u8fc7\u7e41\u6b96\u5f62\u6210\u65e0\u5c3d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8c31\u7cfb<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u4e0e\u706b\u7130\u3001\u98d3\u98ce\u548c\u6052\u661f<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u6211\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u7ef4\u6301\uff0c\u8fd8\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u6211\u751f\u6210\u548c\u6784\u5efa\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7e41\u6b96\u548c\u8fdb\u5316\u4ea7\u751f\u5386\u53f2\u8c31\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b63\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u6d88\u5931\u4e0e\u56de\u5f52<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u6709\u673a\u4f53<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/span>organism<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u6709\u673a\u4f53<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u662f\u5728<\/span><\/span><\/span>18<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa\u5f15\u5165\u7684\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u6307\u4ee3\u4e0e\u673a\u5668\u76f8\u533a\u522b\u7684\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u6240\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u76f4\u5230<\/span><\/span><\/span>19<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u6307\u4ee3\u5355\u4e2a\u7684\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u9690\u542b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u5177\u6709\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u65e0\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7269\u7406\u4e8b\u7269\u548c\u673a\u5668\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
20<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5206<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u548c\u5c06\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u89c6\u4e3a\u5206\u5b50\u673a\u5668\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u524d\u8ff0\u5c06\u751f\u547d\u89c6\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6709\u673a\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u88ab\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u3002\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u8fd0\u7528\u751f\u7269\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u6765\u81ea\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ece\u5927\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u7279\u6027\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u6240\u6709\u751f\u7269\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u66f4\u65e9\u5730\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/span>20<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa<\/span><\/span><\/span>30<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u7efc\u5408\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba<\/span>\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/span>modern synthesis<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u521b\u7acb\u8005\u5c06\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u4e0e\u5b5f\u5fb7\u5c14\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u878d\u5408\u8d77\u6765<\/span>\uff08\u91cd\u65b0\u6784\u5efa\u4e3a\u79cd\u7fa4\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u968f\u7740\u5bf9\u57fa\u56e0\u4e0e<\/span><\/span><\/span>DNA<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7247\u6bb5\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u6d88\u5931\u4e86\uff0c\u53d6\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u7684\u662f\u5206\u5b50\u5b9e\u4f53\u548c\u7528\u5176\u9057\u4f20\u7ec4\u6210\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u79cd\u7fa4\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u59cb\u7ec8\u6709\u4eba<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u53cd\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982<\/span><\/span><\/span>20<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa<\/span><\/span><\/span>30<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8<\/span>\uff08\u5176\u6210\u5458\u6df1\u53d7\u6000\u7279\u6d77\u8fc7\u7a0b\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff09<\/span>\u548c<\/span><\/span><\/span>60<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u5df4\u91cc<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00b7<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5eb7\u8292\u7eb3<\/span>\uff08\u540e\u6765\u56e0\u5176\u73af\u5883\u8fd0\u52a8\u800c\u95fb\u540d\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u76f4\u5230<\/span><\/span><\/span>20<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u624d\u91cd\u65b0\u53d7\u5230\u91cd\u89c6\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u590d\u5174\u5f97\u76ca\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3b\u4e49\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u7efc\u5408\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6709\u529b\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u89e3\u91ca\u751f\u547d\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u56de\u5f52\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u57fa\u56e0\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span>\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/span>genocentrism<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6709\u673a\u4f53\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7acb\u573a\u6210\u4e3a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6279\u5224\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u6839\u636e\u57fa\u56e0\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u662f\u7531\u57fa\u56e0\u5236\u9020\u5e76\u4e3a\u57fa\u56e0\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u8f7d\u4f53\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u57fa\u56e0\u5728\u4e25\u683c\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u9075\u5faa\u5b5f\u5fb7\u5c14\u9057\u4f20\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u62bd\u8c61<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u529f\u80fd\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a<\/span><\/span><\/span>DNA<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\u4e0e\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6df7\u6dc6\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u57fa\u56e0\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u4e0e\u539f\u5b50\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3b\u4e49\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728<\/span><\/span><\/span>20<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u534a\u53f6\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9879\u76ee\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u751f\u547d\u73b0\u8c61\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u526f\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u90fd\u8fd9\u6837\u8ba4\u4e3a\u3002\u65e9\u5728<\/span><\/span><\/span>1965<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u5df4\u91cc<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00b7<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5eb7\u8292\u7eb3\u5c31\u5199\u9053\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u63a7\u5236\u9057\u4f20\u6548\u5e94\u4ece\u4eb2\u4ee3\u7cbe\u786e\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u5b50\u4ee3\u7684\u751f\u5316\u7279\u5f02\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6e90\u81ea\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6e90\u81ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7f51\u7edc<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2026\u2026<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5305\u62ec<\/span><\/span><\/span>DNA<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u9176\u5728\u5185\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u6d3b\u7ec6\u80de\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u662f\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u5316\u7279\u5f02\u6027\u7684\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u5f02\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9057\u4f20\u7684\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u73b0\u4ee3\u5206\u5b50\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u5982\u6b64<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u7406\u8bba\u4f9d\u7136\u6709\u6548\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4e0e\u751f\u5316\u7279\u5f02\u6027\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2014\u2014DNA<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u590d\u5236\u3001\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u5408\u6210\u548c\u4ee3\u8c22<\/span>\uff08\u53cd\u5e94\u901f\u7387\u3001\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u94fe\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u90fd\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6574\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u73af\u5883\u548c\u7ea6\u675f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5355\u7ec6\u80de\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u8fd8\u662f\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u59cb\u7ec8\u5904\u4e8e\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/span>\u6b63\u5982\u5eb7\u8292\u7eb3\u6240\u5199\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201cDNA<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u7ed9\u81ea\u8db3\u7684\u9057\u4f20<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2018<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5bc6\u7801<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2019<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u7ec6\u80de\u7684<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2018<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2019\u2026\u2026<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u9057\u4f20\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5728\u5b8c\u6574\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u591a\u5206\u5b50\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u590d\u5236\u4e0d\u662f<\/span><\/span><\/span>DNA<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5c06\u6709\u673a\u4f53<\/span>\uff08\u7ec6\u80de\uff09<\/span>\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u5404\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u8fd8<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u539f\u4e3b\u4e49\u7b56\u7565\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u6cd5\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff1a\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\uff0c\u8fd8\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5404\u90e8\u5206\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u6574\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0e\u5883\u548c\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6beb\u65e0\u6839\u636e\u7684\u672c\u4f53\u8bba<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5c06\u751f\u547d\u89c6\u4e3a\u5206\u5b50\u673a\u5668<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u7528\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6084\u7136\u66ff\u4ee3\u5c31\u8fd9\u6837\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u6084\u7136\u66ff\u4ee3\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5206\u5b50\u6cdb\u7075\u8bba<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/span>molecular animism<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5373\u5c06\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7279\u6709\u7684\u751f\u547d\u6d3b\u529b\u6295\u5c04\u5230\u5206\u5b50\u4e0a\u3002\u7528\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e39\u5c3c\u5c14<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00b7<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5c3c\u79d1\u5c14\u68ee\u7684\u8bdd\u6765\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u503e\u5411\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u5c06\u5206\u5b50\u62df\u4eba\u5316\uff0c\u79f0\u5176\u4e3a<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u8c03\u8282\u5668<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u6574\u5408\u8005<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8005<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7b49\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5b9e\u9645\u6765<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u81ea\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8c03\u8282\u3001\u6574\u5408\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4f5c\u7528\u5f52\u529f\u4e8e\u5206\u5b50\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2026\u2026<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5728\u89e3\u91ca\u7ec6\u80de\u73b0\u8c61\u65f6\u8d4b\u4e88\u5206\u5b50\u7279\u6b8a\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4e60\u60ef\uff0c\u6e90\u4e8e\u672a\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff1a\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u90e8\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982<\/span><\/span><\/span>DNA<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u590d\u5236\u3001\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u5408\u6210\u548c\u819c\u8fd0\u8f93\u7b49\uff09<\/span>\u90fd\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u7ec6\u80de\u9884\u5148\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u529f\u80fd\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u7ec6\u80de\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/span>DNA<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u590d\u5236\u548c\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u5408\u6210\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u7ec6\u80de\u672c\u8eab\u53c8\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5206\u5b50\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/span>\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u90e8\u5206\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u53d1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4fc3\u4f7f\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u4f5c\u4e3a\u89e3\u91ca\u751f\u7269\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u5f97\u4ee5\u56de\u5f52<\/span>\u3002\u5c40\u90e8\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u53d1\u80b2\u548c\u8fdb\u5316\uff09<\/span>\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f97\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u6574\u4f53\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0e\u5883\u4e0b\u52a0\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u4f46\u7a76\u7adf\u4ec0\u4e48\u624d\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5462\uff1f\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u76f8\u52a0\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u90e8\u5206\u53ea\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u76f8\u4e92\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u5f0f\u624d\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5c24<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5176\u662f\u63cf\u8ff0\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u65ad\u751f\u6210\u3001\u5206\u89e3\u548c\u66ff\u6362\u5176\u6784\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u7ef4\u6301\u5176\u6574\u4f53\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u751f\u6210\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c06\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e3b\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u751f\u547d\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u4e4b\u5904\uff1a\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u4e0e\u80fd\u52a8\u6027<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


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\u81ea\u4ece\u859b\u5b9a\u8c14\u5728\u5176<\/span><\/span><\/span>1944<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5e74\u9996\u6b21\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u6027\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u751f\u547d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u666e\u53ca\u8be5\u89c2\u70b9\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u5bfb\u627e\u5c06\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u975e\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u6765\u7684\u666e\u904d\u539f\u5219\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u60f3\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u8868\u8fbe\u751f\u547d\u7684<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5927\u4e00\u7edf\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u8be5\u4e66\u51fa\u7248<\/span><\/span><\/span>70<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u6570\u5b66\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u4f46\u4eba\u4eec\u4ecd\u672a\u627e\u5230\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5bf9\u6b64\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/span>\u859b\u5b9a\u8c14\u63a8\u6d4b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u6211\u4eec<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5fc5\u987b\u505a\u597d\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7c7b\u578b\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u51c6\u5907<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u3002\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u6570\u5b66\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c24\u91d1<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00b7<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7ef4\u683c\u7eb3\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5f53\u4ee3\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u5047\u8bbe\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4ec5\u5728\u7279\u6b8a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u6709\u6548\u800c\u975e\u666e\u904d\u9002\u7528\u3002\u4ed6\u63a8\u6d4b\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\u9700\u8981\u5f97\u5230\u4fee\u6539\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u751f\u547d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6<\/span>\uff08\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u4e0b\u6587\u8ba8\u8bba\uff09<\/span>\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u5f15\u5165\u65b0\u7684\u751f\u7269\u7ec4\u7ec7\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u5219\u65e2\u4e0d\u4e0e\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5316\u5b66\u5b9a\u5f8b\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u5176\u8fd8\u539f\u6216\u8868\u8fbe\u3002\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u7279\u5f81\u4f7f\u5176\u4e0e\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u8bb8\u591a\u751f\u547d\u7279\u5f81\u90fd\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u81ea\u6211<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u8fd9\u4e00\u6838\u5fc3\u5c55\u5f00\u3002\u6240\u8c13<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u6d3b\u7740<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u4e2a\u4f53\u5316\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u5b58\u5728\u5206\u5272\u4e3a\u81ea\u6211\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u65ad\u6784\u5efa\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u6765\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4ee5\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u81ea\u8eab\u5ef6\u7eed\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6539\u53d8\u73af\u5883\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u62e5\u6709\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u548c\u80fd\u52a8\u6027\uff1a\u5b83\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u7ef4\u62a4\u548c\u518d\u751f\u4e86\u90a3\u4e9b\u90e8\u5206\u548c\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u5408\u7684\u3001\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u6574\u4f53<\/span>\uff08\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u73af\u5883\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3b\u52a8\u907f\u514d\u5a01\u80c1\u5176\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u6761\u4ef6<\/span>\uff08\u80fd\u52a8\u6027\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u548c\u80fd\u52a8\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u751f\u547d\u5982\u4f55\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\n

\u63a8\u8350\u4f60\u9605\u8bfb\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4ece\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5206\u6790\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c<\/span>\u89e3\u91ca\u751f\u547d\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4ece\u54ea\u91cc\u6765\u7684\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u8fdc\u79bb\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u5b50<\/span><\/span>\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u529b\u56fe\u6392\u9664\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u3002\u76ee\u6807\u5bfc\u5411\u6027\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0e\u8d77\u6e90\uff1a\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u89c6\u89d2<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u751f\u7269\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u7531\u4f0a\u66fc\u52aa\u5c14<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00b7<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5f15\u5165\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u751f\u547d\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/span>\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6307\u7684\u662f\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u6574<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4f53\u800c\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6574\u4f53\u53c8\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u90e8\u5206\u800c\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u90e8\u5206\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u751f\u6210\u5e76\u5448\u73b0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u662f\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\uff1a\u90e8\u5206\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f8\u4e92\u751f\u6210\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6574\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\u4e5f\u662f\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u5b58\u5728\u548c\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5eb7\u5fb7\u4e0d\u66fe\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff1a\u5728\u6d3b\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\uff0c\u9176\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee3\u8c22\u9014\u5f84<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\uff09<\/span>\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u4ee3\u8c22\u9014\u5f84\u7531\u5176\u4ed6\u9176\u4fc3\u8fdb\uff0c\u9176\u672c\u8eab\u53c8\u662f\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u9176\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e0b\u751f\u6210\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5faa\u73af\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f7f\u6240\u6709\u4ee3\u8c22\u9014\u5f84\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u7ec6\u80de\u819c\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u800c\u7ec6\u80de\u819c\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u662f\u4ee3\u8c22\u9014\u5f84\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0e\u7269\u7406\u5316\u5b66\u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5f62<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u6210\u6709\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5b83\u6d89\u53ca\u5927\u91cf\u591a\u6837\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u819c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u76f8\u4e92\u4fc3\u8fdb\u548c\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u800c\u7ec6\u80de\u819c\u672c\u8eab\u53c8\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u751f\u7269\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u89c2\u70b9\u5728<\/span><\/span><\/span>19<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u5927\u9646\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u548c<\/span><\/span><\/span>20<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0a\u534a\u53f6\u7684\u80da\u80ce\u5b66\u4e2d\u5360\u636e\u4e86\u6838\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728<\/span><\/span><\/span>20<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0b\u534a\u53f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u88ab\u5174\u8d77\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u548c\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u53d6\u4ee3\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u57fa\u56e0\u51b3\u5b9a\u751f\u7269\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fd9\u4e00\u9519\u8bef\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8be5\u89c2\u70b9\u6700\u521d\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5206\u79bb\u5f00\u6765\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u672c\u8eab\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u8fbe\u603b\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u7269\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u7ec6\u80de\uff09<\/span>\u5185\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5047\u5b9a\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u662f\u5176\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u57fa\u56e0\u5728\u751f\u7269\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u4e2d\u8d77\u7740\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u8fd1\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u91cd\u65b0\u88ab\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span>20<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa\u516d\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u95ed\u5408<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u5927\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u95ed\u5408\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u6210\u5458\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u603b\u662f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u540c\u4e00\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u6210\u5458\u3002<\/span>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5b9e\u6570\u96c6\u5728\u52a0\u6cd5\u4e0b\u662f\u95ed\u5408\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b9e\u6570\u76f8\u52a0\u603b\u662f\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u6570\u3002\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u95ed\u5408\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u5408\u6210\uff09<\/span>\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u6784\u6210\u5e76\u63a8\u52a8\u8be5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5143\u7d20<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u9176\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u5fc3\u7406<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5b66\u5bb6\u8ba9<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00b7<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u76ae\u4e9a\u6770\u662f\u6700\u65e9\u5c06\u95ed\u5408\u6982\u5ff5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4ed6\u5728<\/span><\/span><\/span>1967<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e0e\u77e5\u8bc6\u300b\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u4e0a\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u80fd\u91cf\u4ea4\u6362\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0a\u8981\u4fdd\u6301\u95ed\u5408\uff0c\u5373\u901a\u8fc7\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u94fe\u6761\u81ea\u6211\u518d\u751f\uff0c\u7ef4\u6301\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u6211\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u5341\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f17\u6717\u897f\u65af\u79d1<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00b7<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u74e6\u96f7\u62c9\u5f15\u5165\u4e86<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7ec4\u7ec7\u95ed\u5408<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/span>organizational closure<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u81ea\u4e3b\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8981\u5177\u5907\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\uff0c\u5176\u6784\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u95ed\u5408\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5728\u76f8\u4e92\u751f\u6210\u65f6\u4ee5\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u4f9d\u8d56\u5f7c\u6b64\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u7cfb\u7edf\u6784\u6210\u4e3a\u6574\u4f53\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4f8b<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5b50\u662f\u6d3b\u7ec6\u80de\u3002\u7528\u74e6\u96f7\u62c9\u7684\u8bdd\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u660e\u786e\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u4ece\u5206\u5b50\u6c64\u4e2d\u8131\u9896\u800c\u51fa\uff0c\u4e0e\u5916\u754c\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u6765\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8fb9\u754c\u7684\u660e\u786e\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8fb9\u754c\u672c\u8eab\u4fc3\u6210\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u4ea7\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5728\u5355\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u7269\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u7684\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u751f\u5316\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u6211\u751f\u6210\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e5f\u751f\u6210\u5e76\u7ef4\u6301\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7ec6\u80de\u819c\u3002\u7ec6\u80de\u819c\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5185\u5916\u754c\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u62e5\u6709\u5185\u5916\u754c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u624d\u80fd\u5f97\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u74e6\u96f7\u62c9\u4e0e\u4ed6\u7684\u5bfc\u5e08\u517c\u540c\u4e8b\u6e29\u8d1d\u6258<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00b7<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u9a6c\u56fe\u62c9\u7eb3\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ec6\u80de\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u79f0\u4e3a<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u81ea\u521b\u751f<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/span>autopoiesis<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u8bb2\u5ea7\u63a8\u8350\uff1a\u672c\u6b21\u5206\u4eab\u91c7\u7528\u5bf9\u8bdd\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u7f57\u5bb6\u5fb7\u3001\u5f20\u6c5f\u548c\u4ec7\u73ae\u794e\u8001\u5e08\u5c06\u5206\u522b\u4ece\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u63a2\u8ba8\u6709\u5e8f\u3001\u6df7\u6c8c\u8fb9\u7f18\u4e0e\u65e0\u5e8f\uff0c\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u6d8c\u73b0\u548c\u81ea\u521b\u751f\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u626b\u7801\u67e5\u770b\u89c6\u9891\ud83d\udc47<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\"\u6d77\u62a5\u9884\u89c8\"<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u7406\u8bba\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00b7<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7f57\u68ee\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4f7f\u7528\u95ed\u5408\u6982\u5ff5\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4ed6\u501f\u7528\u4e86\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u5173\u4e8e\u7269\u8d28\u56e0<\/span>\uff08\u4e8b\u7269\u7531\u4ec0\u4e48\u6784\u6210\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u52a8\u529b\u56e0<\/span>\uff08\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u6e90\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u662f<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5bf9\u52a8\u529b\u56e0\u5c01\u95ed\u7684<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u5728\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u5185\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4f5c\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u52a8\u529b\u56e0\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u5185\u90e8\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ee3\u8c22\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u50ac\u5316\u5242<\/span>\uff08\u9176\uff09<\/span>\u90fd\u662f\u4ee3\u8c22\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u6d3b\u52a8\u6765\u7ef4\u6301\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u5927\u7ea6\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u65af\u56fe\u5c14\u7279<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00b7<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u8003\u592b\u66fc\u63d0\u51fa\u5e76\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u4ed6\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\u5408<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/span>collectively autocatalytic sets<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u5206<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5b50\u96c6\u5408\u662f\u6307\u6574\u4e2a\u96c6\u5408\u80fd\u591f\u50ac\u5316\u6240\u6709<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u6210\u5458\u7684\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u80fd\u591f\u50ac\u5316\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u96c6\u5408\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u50ac\u5316\u95ed\u5408<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/span>catalytic closure<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u5728\u540e\u6765\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u8003\u592b\u66fc\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u601d\u60f3\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4ed6\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u529f<\/span><\/span><\/span>–<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7ea6\u675f\u5faa\u73af<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/span>work-constraint cycle<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u3002\u8981\u5229\u7528\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u6765\u4ea7\u751f\u529f\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u70ed\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u8fdb\u884c\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u5176\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u529f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u80fd\u91cf\u53d7\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5229\u7528\u529f\u6765\u91cd\u65b0\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e9b\u4fdd\u8bc1\u529f\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u5c31\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f<\/span><\/span><\/span>–<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7ea6\u675f\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u7528\u8003\u592b\u66fc\u7684\u8bdd\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u529f\u4ea7\u751f\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u7ea6\u675f\u4ea7\u751f\u529f<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u3002\u5728\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u4e2d\u4fbf\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u4e0e\u53d1\u52a8<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u673a\u6c14\u7f38\u58c1\u9650\u5236\u71c3\u70e7\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u80fd\u591f\u5f15\u5bfc\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0d\u662f\u9884\u5148\u8bbe\u5b9a\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u5236\u9020\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u81ea\u8eab\u4ea7\u751f\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u3002\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u819c\u7ed3\u6784\u6216\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u9176\uff09<\/span>\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u751f\u6210\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6<\/span>\uff08\u91cd\u5efa\u819c\u6216\u751f\u4ea7\u9176\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u6709\u673a\u4f53<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u884c\u52a8<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u5728\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u4e0a\u57fa\u4e8e\u529f<\/span><\/span><\/span>–<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7ea6\u675f\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u95ed\u5408\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
<\/p>\n
\u8bb2\u5ea7\u63a8\u8350\uff1a\u751f\u547d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6700\u5178\u578b\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4ece\u7ec6\u80de\u5230\u4e2a\u4f53\u518d\u5230\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\u90fd\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u5404\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u4e0d\u540c\u5b66\u79d1\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u672c\u8bb2\u5ea7\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5173\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u56db\u5927\u7ecf\u5178\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u6700\u65b0\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba8\u8bba\u751f\u547d\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u8bbe\u60f3\u3002\u626b\u7801\u67e5\u770b\u89c6\u9891\ud83d\udc47<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

\"\u6d77\u62a5\u9884\u89c8\"<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u7406\u8bba\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u9a6c\u5c14<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00b7<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u8499\u7279\u7ef4\u5c14\u548c\u9a6c\u7279\u5965<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00b7<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u83ab\u897f\u5965\uff0c\u4e0e\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u6731\u585e\u4f69<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00b7<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u9686\u6208\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u963f\u5c14\u74e6\u7f57<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00b7<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u83ab\u96f7\u8bfa\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5c06<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7ea6\u675f\u95ed\u5408<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/span>closure of constraints<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u6982\u5ff5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u7684\u72ec\u7279<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u57fa\u7840\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7efc\u5408\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7ea6\u675f\u7ed3\u6784\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5185\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u8be5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8840\u7ba1\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u8f93\u9001\u8840\u6db2\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5185\u88ab\u8840\u6d41\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u9176\u5728\u50ac\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u6d88\u8017\u6389\u3002\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ea6\u675f\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u6240\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u6765\u7ef4\u6301<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5176\u5b58\u5728\u548c\u4fdd\u6301\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u659c\u9762\u7ea6\u675f\u4e86\u7403\u7684\u6eda\u52a8\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u7403\u7684\u6eda\u52a8\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u659c\u9762\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u548c\u4fdd\u6301\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ea6\u675f<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u8840\u7ba1\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u4ee3\u8c22\u9014\u5f84\uff09<\/span>\u901a\u5e38\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u6240\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u4e8b\u7269<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u6c27\u6c14\u8f93\u9001\u3001\u9176\uff09<\/span>\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u5176\u5b58\u5728\u548c\u7ef4\u6301\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4e00\u7ec4\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u603b\u4f53\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u52a8\u6001\u65bd\u52a0\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5f53<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u7ec4\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u95ed\u5408\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u7ea6\u675f\u95ed\u5408\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u95ed\u5408\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u81ea\u6211\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u786e\u5207\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ea6\u675f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u672c\u8eab\u7531\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5185\u90e8\u81ea\u884c\u51b3\u5b9a<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7ea6\u675f\u95ed\u5408\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u81ea\u6211\u51b3\u5b9a\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u7ea6\u675f\u95ed\u5408\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u662f\u751f\u7269\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u5fc3\u810f\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u6cf5\u8840\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u53d1\u51fa\u58f0\u97f3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6cf5\u8840\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u95ed\u5408<\/span>\uff08\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u53d1\u51fa\u58f0\u97f3\u5219\u6ca1\u6709\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u65e0\u6570\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u5bf9\u7ea6\u675f\u95ed\u5408\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6548\u5e94\u624d\u662f\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u81ea\u6211\u51b3\u5b9a\uff09<\/span>\u4e5f\u662f\u80fd\u52a8\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u80fd\u591f\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u4e92\u52a8\u4ee5\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6709\u5229\u6761\u4ef6\u5e76\u907f\u514d\u5371\u9669\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u57fa\u7840<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u3002\u4ee5\u7ec6\u83cc\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u7ec6\u83cc\u662f\u6700\u53e4\u8001\u3001\u6700\u5c0f\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u81ea\u4f53\u751f\u6210\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u6839\u636e\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u95f4\u548c\u5468\u56f4\u73af\u5883\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u5730\u8c03\u8282\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u7ec6\u83cc\u901a\u8fc7\u5316\u5b66\u4fe1\u53f7\u76f8\u4e92\u6c9f\u901a\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6839\u636e\u7ec6\u80de\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u8c03\u8282\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7fa4\u4f53\u611f\u5e94<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/span>quorum sensing<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u8fd8\u4f1a\u671d\u7740\u5438\u5f15\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u907f\u5f00\u6392\u65a5\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u8d8b\u5316\u6027<\/span>\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/span>chemotaxis<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7ec6\u83cc\u7684\u79fb\u52a8\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e3b\u52a8\u6307\u5411\u7684\u3002\u8fd0\u52a8\u6027\u7ec6\u83cc\u901a\u8fc7\u5d4c\u5165\u819c\u4e2d\u7684\u97ad\u6bdb\u6e38\u52a8\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u65cb\u8f6c\u97ad\u6bdb\u5f62\u6210\u63a8\u8fdb\u5668\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u7ec6\u80de\u4f53\u524d\u8fdb\u6216\u968f\u673a\u7ffb\u6eda\u3002\u5f53\u5b83\u4eec\u79fb\u52a8<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u65f6\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u611f\u77e5\u5438\u5f15\u7269\u6216\u6392<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u65a5\u7269\u6d53\u5ea6\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5f53\u7ec6\u80de\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u8425\u517b\u6c34\u5e73\u63d0\u9ad8\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u524d\u8fdb\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8425\u517b\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5165\u968f\u673a\u7ffb\u6eda\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u8425\u517b\u6c34\u5e73\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u671d\u90a3\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u524d\u8fdb\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u91cd\u590d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5728\u6761\u4ef6\u6539\u5584\u6216\u4e0d\u53d8\u65f6\u4fdd\u6301\u540c\u4e00\u65b9\u5411\u6e38\u52a8\uff0c\u5728\u6761\u4ef6\u6076\u5316\u6216\u9047\u5230\u6bd2\u7d20\u65f6\u7ffb\u6eda\u548c\u6539\u53d8\u65b9\u5411<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7ec6\u83cc\u80fd\u591f\u957f\u8ddd\u79bb\u5730\u671d\u6709\u5229\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u907f\u5f00\u6709\u5bb3\u4e4b\u6240\u3002\u7fa4\u4f53\u611f\u5e94\u548c\u8d8b\u5316\u6027\u662f\u80fd\u52a8\u6027\u7684\u8303\u4f8b\uff1a\u7ec6\u80de\u4e3b\u52a8\u54cd\u5e94\u73af\u5883\u5e76\u6539\u53d8\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ee5\u7ef4\u6301\u5176\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u80fd\u52a8\u6027\u662f\u81ea\u4e3b\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u8282\u5176\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u786e\u4fdd\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u7ef4\u6301\u72b6\u6001\u4e0e\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u3002\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u4e3b\u4f53\u4f1a\u6839<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u636e\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u6539\u5584\u6216\u6076\u5316\u3001\u53ef\u884c\u6216\u4e0d\u53ef\u884c\u6765\u8c03\u6574\u5176\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u751f\u5b58\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4e3b\u52a8\u54cd\u5e94\u73af\u5883\u548c\u5f7c\u6b64\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u80fd\u529b\u662f\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u4e0e\u706b\u7130\u3001\u98d3\u98ce\u548c\u6052\u661f\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u662f\u81ea\u4e3b\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u9002\u5e94\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u751f\u547d\uff1a\u5728\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u521b\u9020\u610f\u4e49<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u548c\u80fd\u52a8\u6027\u610f\u5473\u7740\u610f\u4e49\u6784\u5efa<\/span>\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/span>sensemaking<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u662f\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u548c\u751f\u5b58\u5173\u8054\u7269\u6784\u5efa\u73af\u5883\u5e76\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u4e92\u52a8\u3002<\/span>\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u5c06\u73af\u5883\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5176\u6709\u79ef\u6781\u6216\u6d88\u6781\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u751a\u81f3\u5b8c\u5168\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u3002\u7528\u74e6\u96f7\u62c9\u7684\u8bdd\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u5c31\u662f\u610f\u4e49\u6784\u5efa\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u518d\u6765\u770b\u7ec6\u83cc\u7684\u8d8b\u5316\u6027\u3002\u7ec6\u83cc\u4f1a\u6cbf\u7740\u8517\u7cd6\u68af\u5ea6\u6e38\u52a8\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8517\u7cd6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8425\u517b\u7269\u8d28\u8fdb\u884c\u4ee3\u8c22\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8517\u7cd6\u4fbf\u610f\u5473\u7740<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u98df\u7269<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4ece\u4f55\u800c\u6765\uff1f\u4ece\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5316\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8517\u7cd6\u68af\u5ea6\u53ea\u662f\u4e8c\u7cd6<\/span>\uff08\u7531\u4e24\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5206\u5b50\uff09<\/span>\u6d53\u5ea6\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u672c\u8eab\u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u5728<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3001\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u6216\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u98df\u7269\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u5e76\u975e\u6e90\u4e8e\u5176\u7269\u7406\u5316\u5b66\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u4e0e\u7ec6\u80de\u819c\u4e0a\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u5408\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u8517\u7cd6\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u610f\u5473\u7740\u98df\u7269\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ec6\u83cc\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u7ef4\u6301\u5176\u751f\u5b58\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/span>\u610f\u4e49\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5206\u5b50\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u81ea\u4e3b\u80fd\u52a8\u6027\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u5c42\u9762\u3002\u8517\u7cd6\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u662f\u98df\u7269\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7ec6\u83cc\u8fdb\u884c\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u51b3\u5b9a<\/span>\uff08\u7ec4\u7ec7\u95ed\u5408\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ec6\u83cc\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8517\u7cd6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u98df\u7269\u800c\u5177\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u8517\u7cd6\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5316\u5b66\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u5f62\u6210\u68af\u5ea6\u3001\u7a7f\u8fc7\u7ec6\u80de\u819c\u7b49\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u7ec6\u83cc\u7ec6\u80de\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u6301\u81ea\u6211\u51b3\u5b9a\u548c\u751f\u5b58\u80fd\u529b\u7684<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u81ea\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u8517\u7cd6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u98df\u7269\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u624d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u4e00\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u4f7f\u7528<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u8bed\u4e49\u4fe1\u606f<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/span>semantic information<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fd9\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/span>\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u533a\u5206\u5728\u4e8e\u660e\u6670\u53e5\u6cd5\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/span>syntactic information<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u8bed\u4e49\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\uff0c\u5373\u514b\u52b3\u5fb7<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00b7<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u9999\u519c\u6700\u521d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u8bed\u4e49\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u548c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u610f\u4e49<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/span>meaning<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u3001<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u610f\u6db5<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/span>sense<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u6216<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u610f\u8574<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/span>significance<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u65e0\u5173\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c<\/span>\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6216\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7edf\u8ba1\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5ea6\u91cf\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u53e5\u6cd5\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u70df\u610f\u5473\u7740\u706b<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u6216<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5e74\u8f6e\u8868\u793a\u6811\u9f84<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u610f\u5473\u7740<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u6216<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u8868\u793a<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u6765\u4ee3\u8868\u7269\u7406\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u3002\u4f46\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u8517\u7cd6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ec6\u83cc\u610f\u5473\u7740\u98df\u7269<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7684<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u610f\u5473\u7740<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5219\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3a\u8517\u7cd6\u3001\u819c\u4f20\u5bfc\u548c\u4ee3\u8c22\u5438\u6536\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u3002\u8bed\u4e49\u4fe1\u606f\u627f\u8f7d\u7740\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f5c\u4e3a\u81ea\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4f53\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u6211\u7ef4\u6301\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u8517\u7cd6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ec6\u83cc\u8fd9\u4e00\u81ea\u6211\u51b3\u5b9a<\/span>\uff08\u81ea\u4e3b\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u610f\u4e49<\/span>\uff08\u8bed\u4e49\u4fe1\u606f\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u7ef4\u6301\u5176\u751f\u5b58\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u7ec6\u83cc\u80fd\u591f\u8bc6\u522b\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u6539\u5584\u8fd8\u662f\u6076\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u52aa\u529b\u5c06\u81ea\u8eab\u7ef4\u6301\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u751f\u5b58\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u3002\u8517\u7cd6\u7684\u68af\u5ea6\u5dee\u5f02\u5bf9\u7ec6\u83cc\u751f\u5b58\u80fd\u529b\u5177\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8517\u7cd6\u4e0e\u751f\u5b58\u80fd\u529b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb<\/span>\uff08\u6cbf\u8517\u7cd6\u68af\u5ea6\u6e38\u52a8\u548c\u589e\u52a0\u751f\u5b58\u80fd\u529b\uff09<\/span>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ec6\u83cc\u8fd9\u4e2a\u81ea\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49<\/span>\uff08\u627f\u8f7d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u8bed\u4e49\u4fe1\u606f\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u7ef4\u6301\u751f\u5b58\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u6e90\u4e8e\u4e3b\u4f53\u5728\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d7\u5230\u6311\u6218\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u74e6\u96f7\u62c9\u6240\u8bf4\u7684<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u751f\u547d\u5c31\u662f\u610f\u4e49\u6784\u5efa<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6269\u5c55\u4e3a<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u751f\u547d\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u6784\u5efa<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f60\u975e\u5e38\u6e3a\u5c0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u4e0d\u65ad\u88ab\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\u51b2\u51fb\u800c\u504f\u79bb\u539f\u672c\u7684\u8f68\u9053\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4f60\u4f53\u5185\u7684\u6db2\u6001\u7269\u8d28\u4e5f\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u7ec6\u83cc\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u548c\u5185\u90e8\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5145\u6ee1\u70ed\u6269\u6563\u548c\u5e03\u6717\u8fd0\u52a8<\/span>\uff08\u60ac\u6d6e\u5728\u6db2\u4f53\u6216\u6c14\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u968f\u673a\u8fd0\u52a8\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u547d\u4f53\uff0c\u4f60\u5f53\u5982\u4f55\u4fdd\u6301\u81ea\u8eab\u5b8c\u6574\uff1f\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u4f60\u5f7b\u5e95\u5730\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5f3a\u952e\u548c\u5f31\u952e\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5316\u5b66\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u4f60\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u62e5\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u95ed\u5408\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u4e3b<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4f53\u800c\u4fdd\u6301\u5b8c\u6574\uff1a\u4f60\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6784\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u90fd\u7531\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u6784\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6240\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5e76\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u652f\u6301\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u5728\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u95ed\u5408\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u50ac\u5316\u3001\u9176\u8c03\u8282\u3001\u819c\u5f62\u6210\u548c\u4fee\u590d\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7269\u7406\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ef4\u6301\u81ea\u8eab\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u7ed3\u6784\u4e4b\u5916\u65e0\u6cd5\u6301\u4e45\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4e00\u65e6\u88ab\u79fb\u9664\u4fbf\u4f1a\u9010\u6e10\u8870\u9000\u6216\u5931\u6548\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u751f\u547d\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u7834\u5f00\u4e00<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u4ee3\u8c22\u6210\u5206\u4f1a\u6563\u56de\u5230\u5206\u5b50\u6c64\u4e2d\uff1b\u628a\u4e00\u53ea\u8682\u8681\u4ece\u8681\u7fa4\u4e2d\u9010\u51fa\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5bbf\u547d\u5c31\u662f\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff1b\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06\u5931\u53bb\u795e\u91c7\u3002\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u6761\u4ef6\u610f\u5473\u7740\u9700\u8981\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u548c\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u6709\u5229\u6216\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u8c03\u8282\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/span>\u6b63\u5982\u4f0a\u9f50\u57fa\u5c14<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00b7<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u8fea\u4fdd\u7f57\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u66f4\u597d\uff1b\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u751f\u547d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u751f\u547d\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u4e4b\u5904\uff1a\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u8fdb\u5316<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


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\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u4ece\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u5c06\u53d8\u5f97\u65e0\u6cd5\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u8fd9\u662f\u8457\u540d\u8fdb\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u5bb6\u7279\u5965\u591a\u4fee\u65af<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00b7<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u591a\u5e03\u7136\u65af\u57fa\u4e8e<\/span><\/span><\/span>1973<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u6807\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u5982\u4eca\u5e7f\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u7ecf\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u6559\u6750\u4e2d<\/span>\uff08\u65e9\u5df2\u88ab\u4eba\u9057\u5fd8\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u591a\u5e03\u7136\u65af\u57fa\u662f\u5728\u53cd\u5bf9\u795e\u521b\u8bba\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u5728\u52aa\u529b\u8bba\u8bc1\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0e\u8fdb\u5316\u4e8b\u5b9e\u662f\u76f8\u5bb9\u7684\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5230\u524d\u9762<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5173\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u9700\u8981\u505a\u4e9b\u4fee\u6b63\u3002\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u73b0\u8c61\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u5728\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u4e5f\u662f\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u751f\u7269\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u7ea6\u675f\u95ed\u5408\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u80fd\u52a8\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u4e3a\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\u884c\u52a8\uff09<\/span>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6982\u5ff5\u800c\u975e\u8fdb\u5316\u6982\u5ff5\u6240\u5c55\u73b0\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6240\u6709\u73b0\u5b58\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4f53\u90fd\u662f\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u5173\u952e\u7684\u662f\u6982\u5ff5\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3a\u8c31\u7cfb\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u968f\u53d8\u5f02\u800c\u7e41\u6b96\u7684\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8fdb\u5316\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u89c6\u89d2\u9700\u8981\u4e0e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u89c6\u89d2\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u662f<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u6709\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u4f20\u9012<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff0c\u5b83\u7531\u53d8\u5f02\u3001\u9057\u4f20\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u5bfc\u81f4\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u6211\u590d\u5236\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b<\/span>\uff08\u7ec4\u7ec7\u95ed\u5408\uff09<\/span>\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5982\u81ea\u6211\u751f\u6210\u7684\u539f\u751f<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u8fdb\u5316\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u590d\u6742\u6027\u56e0\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u800c\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u6700\u4f4e\u9650\u5ea6\u7684\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5c31\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u662f\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u4f46\u8981\u4ece\u6700\u5c0f\u81ea\u4e3b\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u81ea\u4f53\u751f\u6210\u7684\u539f\u751f\u7ec6\u80de\uff09<\/span>\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u5b8c\u5168\u6210\u719f\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4f53<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u6709\u673a\u4f53\uff09<\/span>\u5219\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u6570\u4ebf\u5e74\u7684\u751f\u547d\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u4f20\u9012\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u7ec4\u7ec7\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u7ea7\u8054\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u6240\u77e5\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u91cd\u5efa\u5176\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u636e\u63a8\u6d4b\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u59cb\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u81ea\u4f53\u751f\u6210\u539f\u751f\u7ec6\u80de<\/span>\uff08\u5177\u6709\u50ac\u5316\u7ea6\u675f\u95ed\u5408\u529f\u80fd\u5e76\u80fd\u751f\u6210\u81ea\u8eab\u819c\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ece\u65e0\u751f\u7269\u4e16\u754c\u5230\u751f\u7269\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8fc7\u6e21\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u4fbf\u8fdb\u5316\u51fa\u4e86\u539f\u6838\u751f\u7269<\/span>\uff08\u53e4\u7ec6\u83cc\u548c\u7ec6\u83cc\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u5355\u7ec6\u80de<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u771f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u548c\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u7269<\/span>\uff08\u52a8\u7269\u3001\u690d\u7269\u548c\u771f\u83cc\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5708<\/span>\uff08\u8be6\u89c1\u7b2c<\/span><\/span><\/span>9<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7ae0\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u8fdb\u5316\u662f\u4f7f\u751f\u547d\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/span>\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8fdb\u5316\u5177\u6709\u4ea7\u751f\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec4\u7ec7\u95ed\u5408\u7684\u7269\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u9884\u5148\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/span>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u8fdb\u5316\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u6709\u673a\u4f53\uff0c\u8fd8\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u53ef\u8fdb\u5316\u6027<\/span>\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/span>evolvability<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u53ef\u8fdb\u5316\u6027\u540c\u6837\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u7740\u8fdb\u5316\u800c\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u8fdc\u6bd4\u4e2a\u4f53\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u5bff\u547d\u66f4\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u96c6\u4f53\u548c\u884c\u661f\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5171\u751f\uff0c\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e3a\u5f7c\u6b64\u521b\u9020\u65b0\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u5faa\u73af\u751f\u7269\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u548c\u5730\u8d28\u5143\u7d20<\/span>\uff08\u8be6\u89c1\u7b2c<\/span><\/span><\/span>9<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7ae0\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6700\u5e7f\u4e49<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4e0a\u7684\u751f\u547d\u662f\u4e00<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u7684\u3001\u96c6\u4f53\u7684\u548c\u884c\u661f\u7ea7\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u8fdb\u5316\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u751f\u7269\u6216\u751f\u7269\u79cd\u7fa4\u5fc5\u7136\u5d4c\u5165\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u3001\u96c6\u4f53\u7684\u548c\u884c\u661f\u7684\u751f\u547d\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u3002\u751f\u547d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u81ea\u521b\u751f\u3001\u8fdb\u5316\u548c\u751f\u6001\u751f\u6210\u3002\u81ea\u521b\u751f\u6307\u7684\u662f\u7ec6\u80de\u4f5c\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u751f\u4ea7\uff1b\u8fdb\u5316\u6307\u7684\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u53d8\u5f02\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u4f20\u9012\uff0c\u5e26\u6765\u5404\u79cd\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7e41\u884d\uff1b\u751f\u6001\u751f\u6210\u6307\u7684\u662f\u751f\u7269\u5708\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u6027\u3001\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u7ef4\u6301\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u5b9e\u975e\u673a\u5668 <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


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\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u3001\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u3001\u80fd\u591f\u610f\u4e49\u6784\u5efa\u5e76\u5177\u6709\u7e41\u6b96\u548c\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u8fdb\u5316\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u673a\u5668\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u7ec4\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6309\u7167\u9884\u5b9a\u987a\u5e8f<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u534f\u8c03\u64cd\u4f5c\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u7279\u5b9a\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u88c5\u7f6e\u3002\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u6574\u4f53\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6574\u4f53\u5f62\u6210\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u6216\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u5916\u5728\u7684\uff1a\u5b83\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u6765\u81ea\u5236\u9020\u8005\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u673a\u5668\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u90e8\u5206<\/span>\uff08\u529f\u80fd\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u6070\u6070\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6574\u4f53\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u90e8\u5206\u5728\u6574\u4f53\u4e4b\u524d\u5e76\u4e0d\u72ec\u81ea\u5b58\u5728\uff1a\u5982\u9176\u6216\u7ec6\u80de\u5668\u7b49\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u4ece\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u5408\u6210\u6216\u8fdb\u884c\u751f\u4ea7\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u4f5c\u4e3a\u81ea\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e3a\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\u800c\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u5185\u5728\u76ee\u7684\u6027\uff1a\u5b83\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7ef4\u6301\u751f\u5b58\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5185\u5728\u76ee\u7684\u6027\u76f4\u63a5\u6e90\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u548c\u80fd\u52a8\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u673a\u5668\u7b80\u76f4\u662f\u4e3a\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3b\u4e49\u89e3\u91ca\u800c\u91cf\u8eab<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u6253\u9020\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u7cfb\u7edf\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u53ef\u5206\u79bb\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u673a\u5668\u672c\u8eab\u662f<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u53ef\u5206\u89e3\u7684<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u5206\u89e3\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u56fa\u6709<\/span>\uff08\u975e\u5173\u7cfb\uff09<\/span>\u5c5e\u6027\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u5b83\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u5c42\u7ea7\u5316\u6392\u5217\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u5b50\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u7684\u5404\u90e8\u5206\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u591a\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u5b50\u90e8\u5206\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u8fd1\u4e4e\u53ef\u5206\u89e3\u7684<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5c42\u7ea7\u5316\u6216\u8fd1\u4e4e\u53ef\u5206\u89e3\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3b\u4e49\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u89e3<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u5404\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5f3a\u70c8\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u76f8\u4e92\u95f4\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u80cc\u666f\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3b\u4e49\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u6709\u9650\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u8bbd\u523a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd1\u6765\u53d7<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u751f\u547d\u7684\u673a\u5668\u6a21\u578b\u542f\u53d1\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6570\u636e\u6070\u6070\u524a\u5f31\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u529b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5206\u5b50\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6240\u5728\u3002\u5c3c\u79d1\u5c14\u68ee\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u56db\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\uff1a\u7ec6\u80de\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u590d\u5408\u7269\u3001\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u8fd0\u8f93\u548c\u7ec6\u80de\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u6839\u636e\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u673a\u5668\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u9759\u6001\u7684\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\uff1b\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u590d\u5408\u7269\u662f\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u673a\u5668\uff1b\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u8fd0\u8f93\u662f\u7531\u673a\u68b0\u529b\u63a8\u52a8\u7684\u5c0f\u578b\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u8fd0\u9001\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1b\u7ec6\u80de\u884c\u4e3a<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u8fbe\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\u6311\u6218\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u770b\u6cd5\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u66ff\u4ee3\u6027\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7ec6\u80de\u7ed3\u6784\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u3001\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1b\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u590d\u5408\u7269\u662f\u77ac\u6001\u7684\u3001\u591a\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff1b\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u8fd0\u8f93<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u662f\u5229\u7528\u5e03\u6717\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff1b\u7ec6\u80de\u884c\u4e3a\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6982\u7387\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u968f\u673a\u6ce2\u52a8\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u8282\u5404\u79cd\u8fdc\u79bb\u5e73\u8861\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u6d41\u6765\u4e0d\u65ad\u6539\u9020\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u7ed3\u6784\uff1b\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u73af\u5883\u6761\u4ef6\u6298\u53e0\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\uff1b\u7269\u8d28\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u901a\u8fc7\u968f\u673a\u6d41\u4f53\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u98ce\u66b4<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5b9a\u5411\u79fb\u52a8\uff1b\u7ec6\u80de\u884c\u4e3a\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6309\u7167\u5faa\u5e8f\u6e10\u8fdb\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u5e03\u6717\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u6df7\u6c8c\u52a8\u6001\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u968f\u673a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u5c3c\u79d1\u5c14\u68ee\u5728\u603b\u7ed3\u548c\u5206\u6790\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\u65f6\u6307\u51fa\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u7ec6\u80de\u4e0d\u662f\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e1c\u897f<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u524d\u8005\u66f4\u52a0\u6709\u8da3\u4f46\u4e5f\u66f4\u96be\u4ee5\u9a7e\u9a6d\u3002\u7ec6\u80de\u662f\u4e2a\u7531\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\u548c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6240\u6784\u6210\u7684\u6709\u754c\u4e14\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u6211\u7ef4\u6301\u7684\u7a33\u6001\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u5408\u7684\u3001\u52a8\u6001<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u3001\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u5171\u8f6d\u901a\u91cf\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c5e\u6027\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u504f\u79bb\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u65ad\u6743\u8861\uff1a\u8fc7\u4e8e\u50f5\u786c\u4f1a\u524a\u5f31\u751f\u7406\u9002\u5e94\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u8fc7\u4e8e\u7075\u6d3b\u5219\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u4ee3\u8c22\u6548\u7387\u3002\u7ec6\u80de\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u91cd\u7ec4\u5176\u6784\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u5177\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5927\u5206\u5b50\u590d\u5408\u7269\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u590d\u5408\u7269\u6839\u636e\u6301\u7eed\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u73af\u5883\u9700\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u7ec4\u88c5\u548c\u62c6\u5378\u3002\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u5206\u5b50\u4e0d\u65ad\u968f\u673a\u91cd\u6392\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u5916\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u5f62\u6210\u77ed\u6682\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5feb\u901f\u4e14\u7a33\u5065\u5730\u89e3\u51b3\u7ec6\u80de\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u5728\u6548\u7387\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u53d6\u5f97\u6700\u4f73\u5e73\u8861\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u5c3c\u79d1\u5c14\u68ee\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5728\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u5185\u8fd8\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5355\u7ec6\u80de\u6709\u673a\u4f53\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0a\u72ec\u4e00\u65e0\u4e8c\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u57fa\u56e0\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u6216\u6709\u673a\u4f53<\/span>\uff08\u540c\u6e90\u57fa\u56e0\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5176\u884c\u4e3a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u7ec6\u80de\u884c\u4e3a\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u6982\u7387\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e5f\u662f\u5f02\u8d28\u7684\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u7fa4\u4f53\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u7ec6\u80de\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ec6\u80de\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u591a\u53d8\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5c55\u671b\u672a\u6765\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u9010\u6b65\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2018<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5355\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u7269\u5b66<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2019<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7814\u7a76\u5355\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9010\u6e10\u5c06\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u5ba1\u89c6\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e9b\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u751f\u7269\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
<\/p>\n
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\"\u6d77\u62a5\u9884\u89c8\"<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u7684\u786e\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u91cd\u65b0\u5ba1\u89c6\u5df2\u7136\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u4e2d\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u6b63\u5171\u540c\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u7406\u89e3\u65af\u56fe\u5c14\u7279<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00b7<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u8003\u592b\u66fc\u6240<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u8bf4\u7684<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u57fa\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u4f46\u8d85\u8d8a\u7269\u7406<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7684\u751f\u547d\u89c2\u3002\u8981\u660e\u767d\u8fd9\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u56de\u5230<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u76f8\u7a7a\u95f4<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u7b2c<\/span><\/span><\/span>1<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7ae0\u4e2d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6570\u5b66\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u62bd\u8c61\u87ba\u65cb\u4e0a\u5347\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8981\u7d20\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u7b2c<\/span><\/span><\/span>3<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7ae0\u548c\u7b2c<\/span><\/span><\/span>5<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7ae0\u4e2d\u5173\u4e8e\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u5b87\u5b99\u5b66\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\u518d\u6b21\u63d0\u5230\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u76f8\u7a7a\u95f4\u518d\u63a2<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


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\u6731\u585e\u4f69<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00b7<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u9686\u6208\u3001\u9a6c\u5c14<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00b7<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u8499\u7279\u7ef4\u5c14\u548c\u65af\u56fe\u5c14\u7279<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00b7<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u8003\u592b\u66fc\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u9884\u5148\u8bbe\u5b9a\u751f\u7269\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u76f8\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0d\u65ad\u4ee5\u65e0\u6cd5\u9884\u6599\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u63d0\u524d\u786e\u5b9a\u5176\u53ef\u80fd\u8f68\u8ff9\u7a7a\u95f4<\/span>\uff08\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u80b2\u8def\u5f84\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u91cf<\/span>\uff08\u53ef\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u7269\u7406\u91cf\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u53c2\u6570<\/span>\uff08\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6<\/span>\uff08\u521d\u59cb\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u7ea6\u675f\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5f3a\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u68a6\u60f3\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u80fd\u591f<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5168\u9762\u63cf\u8ff0\u5b87\u5b99\u6f14\u53d8\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u3002\u81ea\u6709\u751f\u547d\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u81ea\u725b\u987f\u4ee5\u6765\u652f\u914d\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u7684\u5c3d\u5934<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u3002\u7528\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u751f\u547d\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u76f2\u70b9\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u7684\u5c3d\u5934\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
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\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff0c\u76f8\u7a7a\u95f4\u5e76\u975e<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5c31\u5728\u90a3\u91cc<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u3001\u9690\u85cf\u5728\u73b0\u8c61\u80cc\u540e\u7b49\u5f85\u6211\u4eec\u53bb\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u6784\u9020\u3002\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u7ecf\u8fc7\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u624d\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u76f8\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5305\u62ec\u5206\u6790\u8f68\u8ff9<\/span>\uff08\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u7f6e\u4e8e\u89e3\u6790\u51e0\u4f55\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d<\/span>\uff08\u7b1b\u5361\u513f\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u5236\u5b9a\u8fd0\u52a8\u5b9a\u5f8b<\/span>\uff08\u725b\u987f\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u5b9a\u4e49\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u91cf<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u52a8\u91cf<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u9010\u6b65\u5b8c\u5584\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u53d8\u91cf<\/span>\uff08\u7ea6\u675f\u3001\u5e7f\u4e49\u5750\u6807\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u7b2c<\/span><\/span><\/span>2<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u7531\u62c9\u683c\u6717\u65e5\u3001\u54c8\u5bc6\u987f\u3001\u5e9e\u52a0\u83b1\u3001\u73bb\u5c14\u5179\u66fc\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u521b\u9020<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u6027\u8fdb\u5c55\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u87ba\u65cb\u4e0a\u5347\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4f46\u6b63\u5982\u9686\u6208\u3001\u8499\u7279\u7ef4\u5c14\u548c\u8003\u592b\u66fc\u6240\u5199\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7269\u7406<\/span>\uff08\u76f8\uff09<\/span>\u7a7a\u95f4\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u73b0\u8c61\u80cc\u540e\u9884\u5148\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u4f7f\u7269\u7406\u73b0\u8c61\u53d8\u5f97\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u800c\u53d1\u660e\u7684\u5353\u8d8a\u4e14\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u751f\u547d\u9886\u57df\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u96be\u4ee5\u903e\u8d8a\u7684\u6781\u9650\u3002\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u76f8\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u5df2\u77e5\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u3002\u53f0\u7403\u548c\u884c\u661f\u5728\u76f8\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u53ea\u80fd\u6cbf\u7740\u7279\u5b9a\u8def\u5f84\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u5e76\u4e0d\u53d7\u6b64\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u76f8\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u3002\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53f0\u7403\u684c\u7684\u8868\u9762\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5f62\u5e76\u4e14\u51fa\u73b0\u65b0\u7684\u6d1e\uff0c\u53f0\u7403\u4e0d\u65ad\u7e41\u6b96\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u8d28\u5730\u968f\u673a\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8fd8\u8981\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u7269\u79cd\u548c\u751f\u6001\u4f4d\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u3002\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u548c\u73af\u5883\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u76f8\u4e92\u521b\u9020\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u751f\u5b66\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u5728\u5206\u5b50\u3001\u5f62\u6001\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u751f\u6001\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u5404\u90e8\u5206\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u65b0\u7684\u5e76\u975e\u9884\u5148\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u7fbd\u6bdb\u6700\u521d\u7528\u4e8e\u8c03\u8282\u6e29\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u540e\u6765\u5374\u7528\u4e8e\u98de\u884c\u3002\u65af\u8482\u82ac<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00b7<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u6770<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00b7<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u548c\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00b7<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5f17\u5c14\u5df4\u79f0\u8fd9\u79cd\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u4e3a\u65b0\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u8868\u578b\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u501f\u7528\u4e3a<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u529f\u80fd\u8f6c\u53d8<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8fdb\u5316\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u751f\u6001\u4f4d\u3002\u968f\u7740\u8868\u578b\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u6253\u5f00\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e16\u754c\u53c8\u4f7f\u65b0\u7684\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u6210<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u521b\u9020\u65b0\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u751f\u7269\u7684<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u8fd0\u52a8\u5b9a\u5f8b<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u9884\u5148\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u8fdb\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5708\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u5b9a\u5f8b<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u63a8\u5bfc<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u5386\u53f2<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4fc3\u6210<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7684\u3002\u8fdb\u5316\u901a\u8fc7\u5076\u7136\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u4ee5\u53ca\u8003\u592b\u66fc\u6240\u79f0\u7684<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u90bb\u8fd1\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff08\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u53ef\u4f9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u751f\u5b66\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u5728\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u76f8\u4e92\u521b\u9020\u7684\u8868\u578b\u548c\u751f\u6001\u4f4d\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u9884\u5148\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e8b\u540e\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u79cd\u5171\u540c\u521b\u9020\uff0c\u4f46\u65e0\u6cd5\u9884\u5148\u5b9a\u4e49\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5171\u540c\u521b\u9020\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7684<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u76f8\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u8003\u592b\u66fc\u5199\u9053\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0d\u80fd\u9884\u5148\u786e\u5b9a\u90a3\u4e9b\u65b0\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u53ca\u5176\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5708\u7684\u76f8\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e3a\u8fdb\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5708\u5199\u4e0b\u4efb\u4f55\u8fd0\u52a8\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u6574<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5408\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u7684\u65b9\u7a0b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u5927\u7ea6<\/span><\/span><\/span>1022<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4e2a\u592a\u9633\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u50cf\u725b\u987f\u5b9a\u5f8b\u90a3\u6837\u80fd\u591f\u63a8\u5bfc\u751f\u7269\u5708\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u751f\u547d\u6ca1\u6709\u9884\u5148\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u76f8\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u76f2\u70b9\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5bf9\u7269\u7406\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u6709\u7740\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u652f\u914d\u7740\u6700\u4f4e\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u7531\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9a\u5f8b\u548c\u6392\u5217\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u751f\u547d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u66f4\u4e0d\u7528\u8bf4\u7ecf\u9a8c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fdb\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5708\u6d89\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u76f8\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u65ad\u6253\u5f00\u65b0\u7684<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u90bb\u8fd1\u53ef\u80fd\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u751f\u547d\u5c06\u4ee5\u7269\u7406\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u65e0\u6cd5\u6355\u6349\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u751f\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0e\u53ef\u80fd<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u6027\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u8003\u592b\u66fc\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u57fa\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff0c\u53c8\u8d85\u8d8a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u62e5\u6709\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5708\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2018<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7ec8\u6781\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2019\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u751f\u547d\uff1a\u8d85\u8d8a\u76f2\u70b9<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f17\u6717\u897f\u65af\u79d1<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00b7<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u74e6\u96f7\u62c9\u559c\u6b22\u5f15\u7528\u8bd7\u4eba\u5b89\u4e1c\u5c3c\u5965<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00b7<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u9a6c\u67e5\u591a\u7684\u8bdd\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u884c\u8005\u65e0\u8def\uff0c\u8def\u5728\u811a\u4e0b\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u751f\u547d\u5728\u884c\u8d70\u4e2d\u5f00\u8f9f\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u4e4b\u8def\u4ece\u4e0d\u7531\u5148\u524d\u6761\u4ef6\u9884\u5148\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u751f\u547d\u57fa\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4f46\u53c8\u8d85\u8d8a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u65b0\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7406\u5ff5\u6765\u601d\u8003\u751f\u547d\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u884c\u8d70\u4e2d\u5f00\u8f9f\u9053\u8def\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u6b63\u4e0e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e00\u8d77\u53d1\u5c55\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u70b9\u8fdb\u884c\u56de\u987e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u4ecd\u5904\u4e8e\u65e9\u671f\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5df2\u7ecf<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5e26\u9886\u6211\u4eec\u7ad9\u5728\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u4ee5\u7aa5\u89c1\u8d85\u8d8a\u76f2\u70b9\u7684\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u662f\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u673a\u5668\u3002\u751f\u547d\u5305\u542b\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u76f8\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u4fc3\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u7531\u5b9a\u5f8b\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u7269\u7406\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u526f\u73b0\u8c61\u8bba<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u76f2\u70b9\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u7684\u57fa\u77f3<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u65f6\u90fd\u5931\u6548\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u8003\u592b\u66fc\u7684\u8bdd\u6765\u603b\u7ed3\u672c\u7ae0\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e7f\u9614\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u6d8c\u73b0\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u57fa\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u751f\u547d\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u5171\u6784\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53c8\u63a8\u52a8\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u8fdb\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u751f\u7269\u5708\u83ab\u4e0d\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u5173\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\u5982\u6b64\u8ff7\u4eba\uff0c\u5438\u5f15\u7740\u65e0\u6570\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u8fdb\u884c\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u7ed9\u60a8\u63a8\u8350\u96c6\u667a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u5173\u4e8e\u6b64\u8bdd\u9898\u7684\u7cfb\u5217\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u751f\u547d\u590d\u6742\u6027\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u751f\u547d\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6784\u6210\u539f\u7406<\/span><\/strong>
<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/span><\/section>\n

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<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u8054\u5408\u897f\u6e56\u5927\u5b66\u7406\u5b66\u9662\u53ca\u4ea4\u53c9\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8bb2\u5e2d\u6559\u6388\u6c64\u96f7\u7ff0\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u79d1\u5b66<\/span><\/span>\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff09\u526f\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u5e38\u4e58\u3001\u674e\u6768\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u6d78\u4f1a\u5927\u5b66\u52a9\u7406\u6559\u6388\u5510\u4e7e\u5143\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u524d\u6cbf\u4ea4\u53c9\u5b66\u79d1\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u6797\u4e00\u701a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u5206\u5b50\u7ec6\u80de\u79d1\u5b66\u5353\u8d8a\u521b\u65b0\u4e2d\u5fc3\u535a\u58eb\u540e\u5510\u8bd7\u5a55\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u53d1\u8d77<\/span><\/span>\u300c\u751f\u547d\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff1a\u751f\u547d\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6784\u6210\u539f\u7406\u300d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/a><\/span>\uff0c\u4ece\u5fae\u89c2\u7ec6\u80de\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3001\u4ecb\u89c2\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5668\u5b98\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5230\u5b8f\u89c2\u4eba\u4f53\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u68b3\u7406\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u53ca\u91cd\u8981\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7531\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u63d0\u95ee\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u3001\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u548c\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u5408\u4f5c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6fc0\u53d1\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u601d\u8def\u548c\u5408\u4f5c\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u76ee\u524d\u5171\u8fdb\u884c10\u671f\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u62a5\u540d\u53c2\u4e0e\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u5165\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u793e\u7fa4\uff0c\u89c2\u770b\u89c6\u9891\u56de\u653e\uff0c\u89e3\u9501\u5b8c\u6574\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u8be6\u60c5\u8bf7\u89c1\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u751f\u547d\u590d\u6742\u6027\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\uff1a\u4ece\u5fae\u89c2\u5230\u5b8f\u89c2\uff0c\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u89c6\u89d2\u63a2\u7d22\u751f\u547d\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6784\u6210\u539f\u7406<\/a><\/span><\/span>
<\/span><\/section>\n


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<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
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\u81ea\u751f\u6210\u7ed3\u6784\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u751f\u547d\u662f\u6709\u5fc3\uff08\u610f\u8bc6\uff09\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u4f60\u4e00\u5c42\u5c42\u5265\u5f00\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5374\u53ea\u6709\u5fc3\u810f\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u9897\u201c\u5fc3\u7075\u201d\uff1b\u6253\u5f00\u5927\u8111\u76ae\u5c42\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff0c\u5374\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u201c\u610f\u8bc6\u201d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u4e0e\u610f\u8bc6\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u751f\u6210\u201c\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u81ea\u53d1\u4ece\u975e\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u751f\u6210\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u81ea\u53d1\u4ece\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u751f\u6210\u3002\u66f4\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u4e0e\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u751f\u6210\u7ed3\u6784\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5f88\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5047\u8bbe\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6700\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5907\u9009\u7ed3\u6784\u4f1a\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u8ba4\u8bc6\u590d\u6742\u6d3b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u81ea\u751f\u6210\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u96c6\u667a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c0f\u6728\u7403(\u4ec7\u73ae\u794e)\u8054\u5408\u5468\u7406\u4e7e\u3001\u738b\u4e1c\u3001\u8463\u8fbe\u3001\u5218\u5b87\u3001\u82d1\u660e\u7406\u3001\u5085\u6e25\u6210\u3001\u7ae0\u5f66\u535a\u7b49\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\u7b49\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u4e00\u7ebf\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5171\u540c\u53d1\u8d77\u7ec4\u7ec7\u300a\u81ea\u751f\u6210\u7ed3\u6784\u7cfb\u5217\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u300b\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b63\u300a\u5171\u8bc6\u2014\u2014\u81ea\u751f\u6210\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u80cc\u666f\u300b<\/a><\/span><\/span>\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u7ed3\uff0c\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u81ea\u751f\u6210\u7ed3\u6784\u793e\u7fa4\u96c6\u7ed3\u4e86\u76f8\u5173\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6559\u6388\u3001\u7855\u535a\u53ca\u4ea7\u4e1a\u754c\u4eba\u58eb\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u62a5\u540d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u5373\u53ef\u89e3\u9501\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b63\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u6240\u6709\u5f55\u64ad\u89c6\u9891\u5e76\u5165\u7fa4\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u4ece\u4e8b\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u5bf9\u76f8\u5173\u9886\u57df\u6709\u6d53\u539a\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u8005\u62a5\u540d\u53c2\u4e0e\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\u8be6\u60c5\u8bf7\u89c1\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u81ea\u751f\u6210\u7ed3\u6784\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u542f\u52a8\uff1a\u5256\u89e3\u751f\u547d\u3001\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0e\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7ed3\u6784<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n


<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
<\/strong><\/section>\n
1.\u90ed\u96f7\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66\uff08\u7b2c\u4e09\u7248\uff09\u00b7\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u300b\u6b63\u5f0f\u53d1\u5e03<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong>
<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
2.Nature\u4e13\u9898\uff1a\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u73b0\u662f\u5426\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u96be\u8bde\u751f\uff1f<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong>
<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
3.<\/span>\u7406\u89e3\u751f\u547d\u3001\u7406\u89e3\u667a\u80fd\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u63a2\u7d22\u4e16\u754c<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
<\/strong><\/section>\n
4. <\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u6d8c\u73b0\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u5982\u4f55\u7528\u6765\u5206\u6790\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1f | \u65b0\u8bfe\u4e0a\u7ebf<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
<\/strong>5. <\/span><\/strong>AI\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\uff1a\u5171\u63a2\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n

6. <\/span><\/strong>\u63a2\u7d22\u8005\u8ba1\u5212 | \u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e82025\u5185\u5bb9\u56e2\u961f\u62db\u52df\uff08\u5168\u804c&\u517c\u804c\uff09<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n


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