{"id":61185,"date":"2025-06-22T18:03:52","date_gmt":"2025-06-22T10:03:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=61185"},"modified":"2025-06-22T18:03:52","modified_gmt":"2025-06-22T10:03:52","slug":"phys-rep-%e9%87%8d%e7%a3%85%e7%bb%bc%e8%bf%b0%ef%bc%9a%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e5%8f%8d%e5%ba%94-%e6%89%a9%e6%95%a3%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e8%a7%a3%e6%9e%90%e4%bc%a0%e6%9f%93%e7%97%85%e4%bc%a0%e6%92%ad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=61185","title":{"rendered":"Phys. Rep. \u91cd\u78c5\u7efc\u8ff0\uff1a\u7f51\u7edc\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u89e3\u6790\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u590d\u6742\u52a8\u529b\u5b66"},"content":{"rendered":"
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2025\u5e743\u6708\u96c6\u667a\u793e\u533a\u5b66\u8005\u5f20\u5b50\u67ef\u6559\u6388\u56e2\u961f\u5728 Physics Reports \u6742\u5fd7\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u91cd\u8981\u7efc\u8ff0\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u68b3\u7406\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e0e\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5176\u5728\u75be\u75c5\u9632\u63a7\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3\u6027\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u89c4\u5219\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0e\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u9610\u660e\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u6269\u6563\u53c2\u6570\u5bf9\u4f20\u64ad\u673a\u5236\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u51e0\u79cd\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7a00\u758f\u548c\u5c40\u90e8\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u5e76\u521b\u65b0\u6027\u5730\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6574\u5408\u53cd\u5e94\u9879\u4e0e\u6269\u6563\u9879\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u63a7\u5236\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u672a\u6765\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u8026\u5408\u7b56\u7565\u5728\u6709\u6548\u5e94\u5bf9\u7a7a\u95f4\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u6f5c\u529b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e7f\u6cdb\u9886\u57df\u5185\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5b66\u79d1\u63d0\u4f9b\u575a\u5b9e\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u6307\u5bfc\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


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\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a<\/span>\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u3001\u590d\u6742\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3001\u7a7a\u95f4\u75be\u75c5<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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1. \u5f15\u8a00<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1.1.  \u7f51\u7edc\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6591\u56fe\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1.2. \u4ed3\u5ba4\u6a21\u578b\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u7a0b<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

  1.2.1. \u4e09\u7c7b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u4ed3\u5ba4\u6a21\u578b<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

  1.2.2. \u591a\u4ed3\u5ba4\u673a\u7406\u6a21\u578b<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

  1.2.3. \u65f6\u7a7a\u591a\u4ed3\u5ba4\u6a21\u578b<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1.3. \u89c4\u5219\u7f51\u7edc\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u6591\u56fe\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e0e\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

  1.3.1. \u89c4\u5219\u7f51\u7edc\u6591\u56fe\u52a8\u529b\u5b66<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

  1.3.2. \u89c4\u5219\u7f51\u7edc\u6591\u56fe\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1.4. \u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u6591\u56fe\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e0e\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

  1.4.1. \u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u6591\u56fe\u52a8\u529b\u5b66<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

  1.4.2. \u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1.5. \u7814\u7a76\u52a8\u673a\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

2. \u89c4\u5219\u7f51\u7edc\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

2.1. \u89c4\u5219\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u52a8\u529b\u5b66<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

  2.1.1. \u89c4\u5219\u7f51\u7edc\u7a7a\u95f4\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u6591\u56fe\u52a8\u529b\u5b66<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

  2.1.2. \u89c4\u5219\u7f51\u7edc\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a7a\u95f4\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u590d\u6742\u4f20\u64ad\u52a8\u529b\u5b66<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

2.2. \u89c4\u5219\u7f51\u7edc\u6591\u56fe\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

  2.2.1. \u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

  2.2.2. \u7a00\u758f\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

  2.2.3. \u5c40\u90e8\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

3. \u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u75be\u75c5\u6591\u56fe\u52a8\u529b\u5b66<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

3.1. \u7ecf\u5178\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6591\u56fe\u52a8\u529b\u5b66<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

  3.1.1. \u5355\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u6591\u56fe\u52a8\u529b\u5b66<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

  3.1.2. \u591a\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u6591\u56fe\u52a8\u529b\u5b66<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

3.2. \u9ad8\u9636\u7f51\u7edc\u6591\u56fe\u52a8\u529b\u5b66<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

4. \u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a7a\u95f4\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

4.1. \u53cd\u5e94\u9879\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

  4.1.1. \u7ec8\u7aef\u63a7\u5236 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

  4.1.2. \u8fc7\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

4.2. \u6269\u6563\u9879\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

  4.2.1. \u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u6570\u63a7\u5236 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

  4.2.2. \u7f51\u7edc\u5c5e\u6027\u63a7\u5236 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

4.3. \u7efc\u5408\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

5. \u7ed3\u8bba\u4e0e\u5c55\u671b<\/span><\/span>
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\u8bba\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\uff1aSun, Gui-Quan, et al. “Optimal control of spatial diseases spreading in networked reaction\u2013diffusion systems.” <\/span>Physics Reports<\/span><\/em> 1111 (2025): 1-64.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u56e2\u961f\uff1a\u5b59\u6842\u5168\u3001\u4f55\u6da6\u6893\u3001\u4faf\u4e3d\u5cf0\u3001\u7f57\u6653\u5cf0\u3001\u9ad8\u6811\u9e4f\u3001\u5e38\u5229\u5229\u3001\u738b\u6bc5\u3001\u5f20\u5b50\u67ef<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8bba\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff1ahttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physrep.2025.01.005<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


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\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u662f\u7531\u75c5\u539f\u4f53\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u663e\u6027\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u5176\u75c5\u539f\u4f53\u5305\u542b\u5fae\u5bc4\u751f\u4f53\u4e0e\u5de8\u5bc4\u751f\u4f53\u4e24\u7c7b\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4f20\u64ad\u9014\u5f84\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u76f4\u63a5\u4f20\u64ad\u4e0e\u95f4\u63a5\u4f20\u64ad\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u4e3a\u5efa\u7acb\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5df2\u660e\u786e\u533a\u5206\u51fa\u56db\u79cd\u4f20\u64ad\u9014\u5f84\uff1a\u76f4\u63a5\u4f20\u64ad\u3001\u5a92\u4ecb\u4f20\u64ad\u3001\u73af\u5883\u4f20\u64ad\u53ca\u5782\u76f4\u4f20\u64ad[1]\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u591a\u6570\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u5f80\u5f80\u517c\u5177\u591a\u91cd\u4f20\u64ad\u9014\u5f84\u3002\u4ee5\u4eba\u7c7b\u514d\u75ab\u7f3a\u9677\u75c5\u6bd2\uff08HIV\uff09\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u867d\u4ee5\u6027\u63a5\u89e6\u4f20\u64ad\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u4f46\u4ea6\u53ef\u7ecf\u5171\u7528\u9488\u5177\u6216\u8f93\u8840\u7b49\u9014\u5f84\u6269\u6563\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0cHIV\u8fd8\u80fd\u5728\u5206\u5a29\u65f6\u901a\u8fc7\u6bcd\u5a74\u5782\u76f4\u4f20\u64ad\u3002\u81ea20\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3HIV\u75ab\u60c5\u66b4\u53d1\u540e\uff0c\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u6570\u5b66\u5efa\u6a21\u7814\u7a76\u65e5\u8d8b\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u8fc4\u4eca\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5df2\u63d0\u51fa\u3001\u5206\u6790\u5e76\u5e94\u7528\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u7a76\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u89c4\u5f8b[2\u20134]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u6f14\u5316\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cSnow \u901a\u8fc7\u7814\u7a761855\u5e74\u4f26\u6566\u970d\u4e71\u75ab\u60c5\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u5206\u5e03\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u970d\u4e71\u611f\u67d3\u6e90\u5934[5]\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f20\u7edf\u75be\u75c5\u6a21\u578b\u5047\u5b9a\u5168\u4f53\u4eba\u53e3\u805a\u5c45\u5355\u4e00\u533a\u57df\u4e14\u5747\u5300\u6df7\u5408\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u6df1\u523b\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u73af\u5883\u4e0e\u79cd\u7fa4\u52a8\u6001\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ed3\u6784\u6574\u5408\u81f3\u75be\u75c5\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u53c2\u6570\u4e0e\u75be\u75c5\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u7fa4\u4f53\u65e2\u80fd\u6816\u606f\u4e8e\u5b64\u7acb\u5c9b\u5c7f\u6216\u4e0d\u540c\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u53c8\u53ef\u8fdb\u884c\u8de8\u5730\u57df\u79fb\u52a8\u2014\u2014\u8d70\u517d\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u4ee5\u8db3\u8fc1\u5f99\uff0c\u98de\u9e1f\u4e0e\u868a\u866b\u4ee5\u7ffc\u8fdc\u884c\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u822a\u7a7a\u8fd0\u8f93\u4f7f\u75be\u75c5\u5f97\u4ee5\u8fdc\u8ddd\u79bb\u5feb\u901f\u6269\u6563\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u8fd1\u671f\u7206\u53d1\u7684COVID-19\u75ab\u60c5\u4e2d\u5c24\u4e3a\u663e\u8457\u3002\u6b64\u7c7b\u7a7a\u95f4\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u6001\u52bf\u3002\u4e3a\u7cbe\u51c6\u63ed\u793a\u7a7a\u95f4\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u5bf9\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u987b\u6784\u5efa\u80fd\u4f53\u73b0\u8be5\u7279\u6027\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5177\u5907\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u8bc4\u4f30\u9632\u63a7\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u9650\u5236\u4eba\u5458\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u7b56\u7565\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u5c06\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4f53\u8fc1\u79fb\u878d\u5165\u75be\u75c5\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5b66\u754c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u5efa\u6a21\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u91c7\u7528\u79bb\u6563\u6216\u8fde\u7eed\u65b9\u5f0f\u5904\u7406\u3002\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\uff0c\u8026\u5408\u6591\u5757\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u5373\u96c6\u5408\u79cd\u7fa4\u6a21\u578b\uff09[6,7]\u6210\u4e3a\u79bb\u6563\u7a7a\u95f4\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u8303\u5f0f\u3002\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u901a\u8fc7\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5e38\u5fae\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b\u7ec4(ODEs)\u63cf\u8ff0\u5404\u6591\u5757\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u6591\u5757\u95f4\u7ecf\u8fc1\u79fb\u5b9e\u73b0\u8026\u5408\u3002\u6b64\u7c7b\u6591\u5757\u53ef\u6307\u793e\u533a\u3001\u57ce\u5e02\u6216\u5730\u7406\u533a\u57df\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u95f4\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u5e94\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u65b9\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u504f\u5fae\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b\u7ec4\uff08PDEs\uff09\u89c4\u6a21\u66f4\u5c0f\u3002\u5f53\u4e9a\u7fa4\u4f53\u968f\u673a\u79fb\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u65b9\u7a0b\u582a\u79f0\u6a21\u62df\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u7a7a\u95f4\u6269\u6563\u7684\u5229\u5668\u3002\u65b9\u7a0b\u5305\u542b\u53cd\u5e94\u9879\uff08\u5bf9\u5e94\u5e38\u5fae\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b(ODEs)\u53f3\u4fa7\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff09\u4e0e\u6269\u6563\u9879\uff08\u4ee5\u672a\u77e5\u51fd\u6570\u4e8c\u9636\u5bfc\u6570\u8868\u5f81\uff09\u3002\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u6027\u7279\u5f81\u5728\u4e8e\u5b58\u5728\u884c\u6ce2\u89e3\u2014\u2014\u5373\u4ee5\u6052\u5b9a\u901f\u5ea6\u4f20\u64ad\u4e14\u5f62\u6001\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u89e3\u2014\u2014\u6b64\u73b0\u8c61\u4e0e\u771f\u5b9e\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u4e2d\u7684\u6ce2\u72b6\u63a8\u8fdb\u6591\u56fe\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5951\u5408\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u6591\u56fe\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u52a8\u7269\u76ae\u6bdb\u7684\u6591\u70b9\u6761\u7eb9\uff0c\u5230\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u653e\u7535\uff0c\u90fd\u5f70\u663e\u7740\u65f6\u7a7a\u76f8\u5e72\u6591\u56fe\u4e0e\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u827e\u4f26\u00b7\u56fe\u7075\u5728\u5f62\u6001\u53d1\u751f\u9886\u57df[8]\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e8e1952\u5e74\u9996\u6b21\u63d0\u51fa\u7cbe\u5999\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u9610\u91ca\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5728\u5176\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u56fe\u7075\u8bc1\u660e\uff1a\u5f53\u5904\u4e8e\u7a33\u5b9a\u5747\u5300\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u7684\u6fc0\u6d3b\u5b50-\u6291\u5236\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d7\u6270\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u6563\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5f62\u6210\u7a7a\u95f4\u975e\u5747\u5300\u7684\u7a33\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u56fe\u7075\uff08\u6269\u6563\u9a71\u52a8\uff09\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4e3a\u81ea\u7136\u4e0e\u4eba\u9020\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u6a21\u578b\u5f62\u6210\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u666e\u9002\u6027\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u4f46\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u76f4\u52301972\u5e74\u624d\u91cd\u83b7\u5173\u6ce8\u2014\u2014\u5f7c\u65f6 Gierer \u548c Meinhardt\u5c1a\u672a\u77e5\u6653\u56fe\u7075\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5374\u5728\u542b\u6fc0\u6d3b\u5b50-\u6291\u5236\u5b50\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5316\u5b66\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u7a33\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u6591\u56fe\u3002\u6fc0\u6d3b\u5b50\u6b63\u5982\u5176\u540d\uff0c\u65e2\u80fd\u4fc3\u8fdb\u81ea\u8eab\u5bc6\u5ea6\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u4ea6\u4f1a\u589e\u5f3a\u6291\u5236\u5b50\u751f\u6210\uff1b\u6291\u5236\u5b50\u5219\u6291\u5236\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u589e\u6b96\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7279\u522b\u53d1\u73b0\uff1a\u4ec5\u5f53\u6291\u5236\u5b50\u6269\u6563\u901f\u5ea6\u8fdc\u8d85\u6fc0\u6d3b\u5b50\u65f6\uff0c\u7a33\u6001\u6591\u56fe\u624d\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210[9]\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e24\u4eba\u6700\u7ec8\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u5176\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0e\u56fe\u7075\u7406\u8bba\u4e0d\u8c0b\u800c\u5408\u3002\u81ea\u6b64\uff0c\u56fe\u7075\u6591\u56fe\u7814\u7a76\u4e8e1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u6b63\u5f0f\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u70ed\u6f6e\u5ef6\u7eed\u81f3\u4eca[10,11]\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u7ecf\u5178\u75be\u75c5\u6a21\u578b\u5b58\u5728\u663e\u8457\u5c40\u9650\uff0c\u5176\u5047\u8bbe\u7fa4\u4f53\u5448\u5747\u5300\u6df7\u5408\u72b6\u6001\u2014\u2014\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4e2a\u4f53\u63a5\u89e6\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5b8c\u5168\u5747\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5047\u8bbe\u8fc7\u4e8e\u7b80\u5316\u4e14\u8fdd\u80cc\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002\u9664\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u5e03\u5dee\u5f02\u5916\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u95f4\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\u7ed3\u6784\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u6bcf\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\u6982\u7387\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5bb6\u5ead\u6210\u5458\u3001\u914d\u5076\u53ca\u670b\u53cb\u95f4\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\u6982\u7387\u8fdc\u9ad8\u4e8e\u968f\u673a\u914d\u5bf9\u7684\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u7fa4\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u8003\u8651\u63a5\u89e6\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u80fd\u66f4\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad[12,13]\u3002\u6355\u6349\u63a5\u89e6\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u91c7\u7528\u63a5\u89e6\u7f51\u7edc[14]\uff0c\u8be5\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u8868\u5f81\u7fa4\u4f53\u5185\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\uff0c\u8282\u70b9\u4ee3\u8868\u4e2a\u4f53\uff0c\u8fb9\u8868\u793a\u76f8\u90bb\u8282\u70b9\u95f4\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u63a5\u89e6\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u65e0\u5411\u63a5\u89e6\u7f51\u7edc\u7528\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u77e9\u9635\u7b2ci\u884c\u7b2cj\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u53d60\u62161\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u4e2a\u4f53i\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4f53j\u4e4b\u95f4\u65e0\u63a5\u89e6\u6216\u6709\u63a5\u89e6\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u56e0\u5176\u5177\u6709\u591a\u91cd\u5b9e\u7528\u7279\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u4e3b\u7279\u5f81\u503c\u53ef\u53cd\u6620\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u6269\u6563\u901f\u5ea6[15,16]\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f20\u64ad\u73b0\u8c61\u2014\u2014\u5982\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u67d3\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u6269\u6563\u4e0e\u7ea7\u8054\u6545\u969c\u2014\u2014\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b[17]\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5177\u6709\u79bb\u6563\u72b6\u6001\u503c\uff0c\u5176\u72b6\u6001\u4f1a\u968f\u90bb\u5c45\u8282\u70b9\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u81ea\u7136\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u8bf8\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u8bfe\u9898[18]\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u6790\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u5bf9\u53c2\u6570\u4f30\u8ba1\u4e0e\u75ab\u60c5\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff1b\u5982\u4f55\u5efa\u7acb\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76\u9759\u6001\u65e0\u6743\u91cd\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684\u75ab\u60c5\u4f20\u64ad\uff1b\u5982\u4f55\u9610\u660e\u7f51\u7edc\u7279\u6027\u5bf9\u75ab\u60c5\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u673a\u5236\uff1b\u5982\u4f55\u5f3a\u5316\u7f51\u7edc\u5efa\u6a21\u4e0e\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b66\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5173\u8054\uff1b\u5982\u4f55\u8bbe\u8ba1\u57fa\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u9632\u63a7\u7b56\u7565[19]\u3002\u5b66\u754c\u5df2\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u591a\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u75be\u75c5\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u75be\u75c5\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5bc6\u5207\u5173\u8054\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u81f31980\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f[20,21]\uff0c\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u7406\u8bba\u6f5c\u529b\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u8fdc\u8d85\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u79d1\u3002\u4f46\u76f4\u5230\u73b0\u5b9e\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u73b0\u8c61[22]\u4e0e\u65e0\u6807\u5ea6\u7279\u6027[23]\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u624d\u83b7\u5f97\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5173\u6ce8\u3002Pastor-Satorras\u548cVespignani[24]\u9996\u6b21\u63d0\u51fa\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u6839\u636e\u75be\u75c5\u72b6\u6001\u4e0e\u8282\u70b9\u5ea6\u503c\uff08\u4e2a\u4f53\u63a5\u89e6\u6570\u91cf\uff09\u5212\u5206\u4eba\u7fa4\uff0c\u5e76\u5047\u8bbe\u540c\u5ea6\u503c\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u5185\u90e8\u5747\u5300\u6df7\u5408\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u63ed\u793a\u65e0\u6807\u5ea6\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u6d41\u884c\u9608\u503c\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u65e0\u8bba\u4f20\u64ad\u7387\u9ad8\u4f4e\uff0c\u611f\u67d3\u90fd\u80fd\u6301\u7eed\u6269\u6563\u3002\u6b64\u73b0\u8c61\u6e90\u4e8e\u611f\u67d3\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u540c\u4e00\u94fe\u63a5\u53cd\u590d\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u90bb\u5c45\u8282\u70b9\u662f\u5426\u5904\u4e8e\u6613\u611f\u72b6\u6001\u3002Newman[25]\u8fd0\u7528\u6e17\u6d41\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u9610\u660e\u4e86\u9759\u6001\u63a5\u89e6\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0aSIR\uff08\u6613\u611f-\u611f\u67d3-\u5eb7\u590d\uff09\u75ab\u60c5\u7684\u9608\u503c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0e\u6700\u7ec8\u89c4\u6a21\u3002\u7136\u800c\u6e17\u6d41\u7406\u8bba\u65e0\u6cd5\u63cf\u8ff0\u75be\u75c5\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u6f14\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0cEames\u548cKeeling[26]\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6210\u5bf9\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u7f51\u7edcSIS\uff08\u6613\u611f-\u611f\u67d3-\u6613\u611f\uff09\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8ffd\u8e2a\u90bb\u5c45\u8282\u70b9\u611f\u67d3\u72b6\u6001\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u6570\u91cf\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5176\u6a21\u578b\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u9ad8\u5bfc\u81f4\u5206\u6790\u56f0\u96be\u3002Ball\u4e0eNeal[27]\u3001Lindquist\u56e2\u961f[28]\u6269\u5c55\u4e86Pastor-Satorras-Vespignani\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8ffd\u8e2a”\u6709\u6548”\uff08\u5177\u6709\u4f20\u64ad\u6027\uff09\u90bb\u5c45\u6570\u91cf\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u521d\u59cb\u611f\u67d3\u6570\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u5fae\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b\u6570\u91cf\u5e9e\u5927\u800c\u96be\u4ee5\u6df1\u5165\u5206\u6790\u3002\u9488\u5bf9SIR\u75ab\u60c5\uff0cVolz[29]\u501f\u52a9\u6982\u7387\u751f\u6210\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u8ffd\u8e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u611f\u67d3\u72b6\u6001\u8282\u70b9\u95f4\u94fe\u63a5\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u5e38\u5fae\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b\u7ec4\u3002Miller[30]\u5c06\u5176\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u7684\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u5747\u5300\u6df7\u5408SIR\u6a21\u578b\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8eSIS\u75ab\u60c5\uff0cSimon\u548cKiss[31]\u5229\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u5ea6\u5206\u5e03\u5bf9\u6613\u611f\u8282\u70b9\u5ea6\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u8fd1\u4f3c\uff0c\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u63cf\u8ff0\u5f02\u8d28\u7f51\u7edcSIS\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u5e38\u5fae\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b\u7ec4\u3002\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u5f15\u5165\u5305\u542b\u5e73\u5747\u5ea6\u53ca\u4e8c\u3001\u4e09\u9636\u5ea6\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u77e9\u5c01\u95ed\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e0e\u5f02\u8d28\u5bf9\u903c\u8fd1\u7f51\u7edcSIS\u6a21\u578b\u9ad8\u5ea6\u543b\u5408\u3002Corcoran\u548cHastings[32]\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u6d41\u884c\u9608\u503c\u4e0e\u7a33\u6001\u8fd1\u4f3c\u89e3\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u5206\u5c94\u5206\u6790\u3002Taylor\u4e0eKiss[33]\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u8fd1\u4f3c\u5047\u8bbe\u4e0bEames-Keeling\u6a21\u578b\u4e0eLindquist\u6a21\u578b\u5177\u6709\u7b49\u4ef7\u6027\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6301\u7eed\u5f15\u53d1\u5b66\u754c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5173\u6ce8[34-47]\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u7ecf\u5178\u5747\u5300\u6df7\u5408\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u75be\u75c5\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u5316\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7279\u4f8b\uff0c\u5176\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3a\u5305\u542bN\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5927\u578b\u5b8c\u5168\u56fe\u3002\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u6591\u56fe\u5f62\u6210\u673a\u5236\u5df2\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u6210\u679c\u8be6\u89c1\u6587\u732e[10,48,49]\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u79cd\u6269\u5c55\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u4ecd\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u75be\u75c5\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ca\u5176\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6591\u56fe\u5f62\u6210\u7814\u7a76\u59cb\u4e8e Othmer \u548c Scriven [50,51]\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u63cf\u8ff0\u7f51\u7edc\u56fe\u7075\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u901a\u7528\u6570\u5b66\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u5c0f\u578b\u89c4\u5219\u683c\u70b9\u4e3a\u4f8b\u8fdb\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u89c4\u5219\u578b\u5c0f\u578b\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u56fe\u7075\u6591\u56fe\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u88ab\u63a2\u7d22 [52\u201356]\u30022010 \u5e74\uff0cNakao \u548c Mikhailov [57] \u53d6\u5f97\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u5c06\u56fe\u7075\u7406\u8bba\u4ece\u5c0f\u578b\u89c4\u5219\u7f51\u7edc\u6269\u5c55\u81f3\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u968f\u673a\u65e0\u5411\uff08\u5bf9\u79f0\uff09\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7ebf\u6027\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5229\u7528\u79bb\u6563\u62c9\u666e\u62c9\u65af\u7b97\u5b50\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u5411\u91cf\u5c55\u5f00\u6270\u52a8\uff0c\u63a8\u5bfc\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u56fe\u7075\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u533a\u57df\u3002\u968f\u7740\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u53d1\u73b0\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u5bf9\u56fe\u7075\u6591\u56fe\u5f62\u6210\u673a\u5236\u5177\u6709\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u540e\u7eed\u7814\u7a76\u5c06\u56fe\u7075\u7406\u8bba\u5ef6\u4f38\u81f3\u6709\u5411\uff08\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\uff09\u7f51\u7edc[58\u201360]\u3001\u591a\u91cd\u7f51\u7edc[61\u201363]\u3001\u65f6\u53d8\u7f51\u7edc[64\u201366]\u53ca\u65b0\u5174\u7684\u9ad8\u9636\u7f51\u7edc[67\u201369]\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8fd8\u63ed\u793a\u591a\u79cd\u62d3\u6251\u7279\u6027\u5f71\u54cd\u56fe\u7075\u6591\u56fe\u751f\u6210[70\u201372]\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982Gao\u7b49[73]\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u7f51\u7edc\u4ea4\u53c9\u6269\u6563\u6548\u5e94\u3001Chang\u7b49[74]\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u6591\u56fe\u5f62\u6210\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u5e73\u5747\u5ea6\u91cf\u5316\u5173\u7cfb\u3001Luo\u7b49[75]\u63ed\u793a\u7684\u56fe\u7075\u6591\u56fe\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u805a\u7c7b\u5173\u8054\u673a\u5236\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u75be\u75c5\u9632\u63a7\u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u63a8\u52a8\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u52a8\u529b\u300218\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0cDaniel Bernoulli\u7387\u5148\u5efa\u7acb\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u5206\u6790\u5929\u82b1\u81f4\u6b7b\u89c4\u5f8b[76]\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u63a5\u79cd\u6d3b\u6027\u5929\u82b1\u5f31\u6bd2\u682a\u867d\u5076\u81f4\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u4f46\u6574\u4f53\u53ef\u964d\u4f4e\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u5e76\u5ef6\u957f\u9884\u671f\u5bff\u547d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u9632\u63a7\u7406\u5ff5\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\u7531Louis Pasteur\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6df1\u5316\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5927\u5e45\u964d\u4f4e\u4ea7\u8925\u70ed\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\uff0c\u66f4\u6210\u529f\u7814\u5236\u9996\u4e2a\u72c2\u72ac\u75c5\u4e0e\u70ad\u75bd\u75ab\u82d7\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u75c5\u83cc\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u63a2\u7d22\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u4ee5\u5236\u5b9a\u9632\u63a7\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u81f3Ronald Ross\u7235\u58eb\u7684\u759f\u75be\u7814\u7a76[77]\u3002\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u5c06\u868a\u866b\u6570\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u9608\u503c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5373\u53ef\u6839\u9664\u759f\u75be\uff0c\u5e76\u56e0\u6b64\u8363\u83b71902\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u3002\u6570\u5b66\u5de5\u5177\u5728\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u4e3a\u6784\u5efa\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\u5960\u5b9a\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u8be5\u6846\u67b6\u901a\u8fc7\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u65b9\u6cd5\u89e3\u6790\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u8bc4\u4f30\u9632\u75ab\u63aa\u65bd\u5b9e\u6548\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u7814\u7a76\u5e38\u5c06\u9632\u63a7\u53c2\u6570\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8bbe\u4e3a\u6052\u5b9a\u503c\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u9632\u63a7\u5177\u6709\u65f6\u53d8\u7279\u6027\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u65f6\u53d8\u6700\u4f18\u9632\u63a7\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u79f0\u4e3a\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u53ef\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u51c6\u5fae\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5176\u5b58\u5728\u6027\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7Filippov\u2013Cesari \u5b9a\u7406\u9a8c\u8bc1[78]\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u591a\u4f4d\u5b66\u8005\u7814\u7a76\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6591\u56fe\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5e95\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u7279\u5b9a\u6591\u56fe\u63a7\u5236\u4ecd\u5177\u6311\u6218\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u5e38\u5fae\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8bba\u5df2\u6709\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u7136\u800c\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\uff0c\u533b\u7597\u8d44\u6e90\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0e\u5730\u57df\u5dee\u5f02\u4f7f\u9632\u63a7\u5e72\u9884\u5448\u73b0\u65f6\u7a7a\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u57fa\u4e8e\u504f\u5fae\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565\u66f4\u5177\u5b9e\u8df5\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u5f00\u59cb\u5c06\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u7cfb\u7edf[79-83]\uff0c\u4e3a\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u9632\u63a7\u7814\u7a76\u5f00\u8f9f\u65b0\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 1.1 \u7f51\u7edc\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6591\u56fe\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5efa\u6a21\u65f6\u7a7a\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u6709\u529b\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53cd\u5e94\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u5df2\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u3001\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b66\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7cbe\u51c6\u523b\u753b\u4e86\u4e2a\u4f53\u7269\u7406\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u56fe\u7075\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u7279\u6307\u6269\u6563\u4f5c\u7528\u5bfc\u81f4\u7a7a\u95f4\u5747\u5300\u7a33\u6001\u5931\u7a33\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u7b80\u5355\u53cd\u5e94\u6269\u6563\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u7ebf\u6027\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u53ef\u5f97\u51fa\u4e09\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u6591\u56fe\u5f62\u6210\u9700\u81f3\u5c11\u4e24\u79cd\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6591\u56fe\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u5c0f2×2\u53cd\u5e94\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u3002\u5176\u4e8c\uff0c\u56fe\u7075\u6700\u7a81\u7834\u76f4\u89c9\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u8868\u660e\uff0c2×2\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6269\u6563\u53cd\u800c\u5f15\u53d1\u5931\u7a33\uff0c\u4e0e\u201c\u6269\u6563\u5177\u6709\u7a33\u5b9a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f5c\u7528\u201d\u7684\u5e38\u8bc6\u76f8\u6096\uff1b\u5176\u4e09\uff0c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\u95f4\u663e\u8457\u7684\u6269\u6563\u901f\u7387\u5dee\u5f02\u662f\u6591\u56fe\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5fc5\u5907\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ea6\u675f\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u73b0\u6709\u53cd\u5e94\u6269\u6563\u75be\u75c5\u6a21\u578b\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u7c7b\uff1a\u4e8c\u7ef4\u683c\u70b9\u7c7b\u6a21\u578b\u7531\u504f\u5fae\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b\u6784\u6210\uff08\u591a\u4e3a\u4e8c\u9636\u629b\u7269\u578b\u65b9\u7a0b\uff09\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u7c7b\u6a21\u578b\u5219\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u9ad8\u7ef4\u5e38\u5fae\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b\uff0c\u7edf\u79f0\u7f51\u7edc\u53cd\u5e94\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u540e\u8005\u56e0\u80fd\u6574\u5408\u4eba\u53e3\u6816\u606f\u5730\u79bb\u6563\u5206\u5e03\u3001\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u73b0\u8c61\u53ca\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u8fc1\u5f99\u7b49\u4eba\u7c7b\u7a7a\u95f4\u884c\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81[57]\uff0c\u73b0\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6a21\u578b\u5047\u8bbe\u4e2a\u4f53\u63a5\u89e6\u5747\u5300\u3001\u8fc1\u79fb\u6982\u7387\u5747\u8d28\u7684\u5c40\u9650\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u53cd\u5e94\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u4e8e\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u6591\u56fe\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5176\u80fd\u7cbe\u51c6\u6355\u6349\u611f\u67d3\u968f\u533a\u57df\u6269\u6563\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u5e03\u7279\u5f81[84,85]\u3002\u6b64\u7c7b\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u4e3a\u5236\u5b9a\u75ab\u60c5\u9632\u63a7\u7b56\u7565\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5173\u952e\u4f9d\u636e[68,74,81]\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u7f51\u7edc\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u5df2\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u75be\u75c5\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f20\u64ad\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u6709\u6548\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u66f4\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u9884\u9632\u4e0e\u63a7\u5236\u75be\u75c5\u6269\u6563\u3002\u5728\u8d44\u6e90\u6709\u9650\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\u5bf9\u653f\u5e9c\u51cf\u7f13\u75be\u75c5\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f20\u64ad\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u8fd1\u671f\u591a\u9879\u7814\u7a76[74,81,83]\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u75be\u75c5\u6591\u56fe\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565\u6b63\u5f15\u53d1\u6301\u7eed\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u75be\u75c5\u6591\u56fe\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f20\u64ad\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u5176\u53d8\u5316\u80fd\u53cd\u6620\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u533a\u75ab\u60c5\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u63a7\u5236\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u6a21\u578b\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6591\u56fe\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cChang\u7b49\u4eba[81]\u7387\u5148\u5728\u89c4\u5219\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u63a2\u7d22\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u56fe\u7075\u6591\u56fe\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4e3a\u8be5\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6570\u503c\u89e3\u6cd5\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5728\u6210\u5bf9\u548c\u9ad8\u9636\u7f51\u7edc\u5316\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u7a7a\u95f4\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u673a\u5236[67,74,86]\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n

1.2 \u4ed3\u5ba4\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u53d1\u5c55 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\uff08\u6b64\u90e8\u5206\u4e3a\u7ecf\u5178\u4ed3\u5ba4\u6a21\u578b\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6587\u732e\u7efc\u8ff0\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5b57\u6570\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u9690\u85cf\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u5728\u539f\u6587\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u770b\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/section>\n

1.3 \u89c4\u5219\u7f51\u7edc\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6591\u56fe\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e0e\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u672c\u8282\u7cfb\u7edf\u68b3\u7406\u89c4\u5219\u7f51\u7edc\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6591\u56fe\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e0e\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u89c4\u5219\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u5728\u4e8e\u5747\u5300\u5ea6\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u63a2\u7a76\u6b64\u7c7b\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3001\u4f18\u5316\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565\u5e76\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6709\u6548\u9632\u63a7\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u70ed\u70b9\u9886\u57df\u3002\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u80fd\u591f\u7cbe\u786e\u6a21\u62df\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u8def\u5f84\u3001\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5173\u952e\u5e72\u9884\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u51c6\u786e\u9884\u6d4b\u5404\u7c7b\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

1.3.1 \u89c4\u5219\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u6591\u56fe\u52a8\u529b\u5b66 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u5206\u6790\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u89c6\u89d2\u662f\u5c06\u5176\u89c6\u4e3a\u8fde\u7eed\u6d41\u5f62\u7684\u79bb\u6563\u5316\u8868\u5f81\u3002\u4ee5\u5177\u6709\u5468\u671f\u6027\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u4e00\u7ef4\u533a\u57df\uff08\u5373\u73af\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784\uff09\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u79bb\u6563\u5316\u5904\u7406\u53ef\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u7ef4\u6676\u683c\u6216\u73af\u5f62\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c06\u8fde\u7eed\u652f\u6491\u7cfb\u7edf\u79bb\u6563\u5316\u4e3a\u7f51\u683c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8303\u5f0f\u5df2\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u91c7\u7528\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u56fe\u7075\u5728\u5176\u5960\u57fa\u6587\u732e[8]\u4e2d\u5df2\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u73af\u5f62\u7f51\u7edc\u5185\u7684\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7ea6\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e92\u8865\u65b9\u5411\uff1a\u4e00\u652f\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u7cfb\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u652f\u7740\u529b\u4e8e\u8fde\u7eed\u652f\u6491\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cOthmer\u4e0eScriven[50,51]\u89e3\u6790\u4e86\u7ec6\u80de\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u6591\u56fe\u5f62\u6210\u673a\u5236\uff0cGierer\u548cMeinhardt[9]\u5219\u901a\u8fc7\u504f\u5fae\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b\u6df1\u5316\u4e86\u56fe\u7075\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u524d\u8005\u91c7\u7528\u89c4\u5219\u6676\u683c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7269\u7406\u8f7d\u4f53\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u56fe\u7075\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u540e\u9996\u6279\u7814\u7a76\u79bb\u6563\u652f\u6491\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u6210\u679c\u3002Weimar\u4e0eBoon[123]\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\uff08CA\uff09\u53ef\u7cbe\u786e\u91cf\u5316\u6a21\u62df\u591a\u79cd\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u540c\u671f\uff0cGora\u015f\u3001Chua\u56e2\u961f[124\u2013126]\u901a\u8fc7\u7ec6\u80de\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\uff08CNN\uff09\u6210\u529f\u590d\u73b0\u4e86\u56fe\u7075\u6591\u56fe\u3002van Ballegooijen\u548cBoerlijst[127]\u8fd0\u7528CA\u89c4\u5219\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ed3\u6784\u5316SIRS\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u6e4d\u6d41\u6ce2\u4e0e\u7a33\u5b9a\u87ba\u65cb\u6ce2\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u6784\u578b\u6f14\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u6587\u732e[123]\u7684CA\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0cLiu\u56e2\u961f[128]\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ed3\u6784\u5316SEIR\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u6df7\u6c8c\u57df\u5185\u4f1a\u81ea\u53d1\u5f62\u6210\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u4e0d\u89c4\u5219\u87ba\u65cb\u6ce2\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4e3a\u9610\u660e\u75be\u75c5\u706d\u7edd\u673a\u5236\uff0cSun\u56e2\u961f[129]\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5305\u542b\u51fa\u751f\u7387\u3001\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u4e0e\u8fc1\u5f99\u7387\u7684CA\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5f53\u611f\u67d3\u7387\u8fc7\u4f4e\u6216\u8fc7\u9ad8\u65f6\u75be\u75c5\u5728\u5b64\u7acb\u533a\u57df\u957f\u671f\u6d88\u4ea1\uff1b\u800c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b58\u5728\u7a33\u5b9a\u87ba\u65cb\u6ce2\u4e0e\u6e4d\u6d41\u6ce2\u5171\u5b58\u6001\u65f6\uff0c\u75be\u75c5\u5c06\u6301\u7eed\u6d41\u884c\u3002\u5e7f\u4e49\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u504f\u5fae\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u89c6\u4e3a\u89c4\u5219\u7f51\u7edc\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u56e0\u5176\u53cd\u5e94\u9879\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u5047\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5747\u5300\u6df7\u5408\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u75be\u75c5\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u62d3\u5c55\u9605\u8bfb\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u53c2\u9605\u6587\u732e[10]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

1.3.2 \u89c4\u5219\u7f51\u7edc\u6591\u56fe\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u75be\u75c5\u63a7\u5236\u662f\u63a8\u52a8\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u52a8\u529b\u3002\u5728\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u5e38\u8fd0\u7528\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8bba\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u65f6\u53d8\u9632\u63a7\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u9488\u5bf9\u7531\u5e38\u5fae\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u4ed3\u5ba4\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u65e9\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u516d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0cRevelle\u3001Lynn\u548cFeldmann[130]\u4e0eTaylor[131]\u5c31\u7387\u5148\u63a2\u7d22\u4e86\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1\u7279\u5b9a\u75ab\u60c5\u4e2d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u9632\u63a7\u65b9\u6848\u3002Hethcote\u4e0eWaltman[132]\u5728\u7814\u7a76SIR\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u6a21\u578b\u65f6\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u6280\u672f\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u6700\u4f18\u75ab\u82d7\u63a5\u79cd\u7b56\u7565\u3002Tuite\u56e2\u961f[133]\u5219\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u89e3\u6790\u4e86\u6d77\u5730\u970d\u4e71\u75ab\u60c5\u7684\u533a\u57df\u4f20\u64ad\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u9632\u63a7\u63aa\u65bd\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u5b66\u754c\u8fd8\u7cfb\u7edf\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u786e\u5b9a\u6027SIR\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u6a21\u578b[134]\u3002Bolzoni\u7b49[135]\u9488\u5bf9\u5177\u5907\u591a\u91cd\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565\u7684SIR\u75be\u75c5\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u65f6\u95f4\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9COVID-19\u75ab\u60c5\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565\u7814\u7a76\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u4e30\u7855\u6210\u679c\uff08\u53c2\u89c1[136\u2013138]\uff09\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u867d\u7136\u5e38\u5fae\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8bba\u5728\u75be\u75c5\u5efa\u6a21\u4e2d\u5df2\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u6ce8\u610f\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ef4\u5ea6\u53d7\u533b\u7597\u8d28\u91cf\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c06\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8bba\u6269\u5c55\u81f3\u504f\u5fae\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u6709\u6548\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u9632\u63a7\u7b56\u7565\u5177\u6709\u5408\u7406\u6027\u3002\u636e\u6211\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u5df2\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5f00\u59cb\u8fd0\u7528\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u6a21\u578b(RD)\u4e2d\u7684\u6591\u56fe\u8c03\u63a7\u95ee\u9898[81,139\u2013145]\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cGarvie\u4e0eTrenchea[140]\u9488\u5bf9\u975e\u7ebf\u6027”\u8425\u517b\u76d0-\u6d6e\u6e38\u690d\u7269-\u6d6e\u6e38\u52a8\u7269-\u9c7c\u7c7b”\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563(RD)\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u65e8\u5728\u6539\u5584\u5bcc\u8425\u517b\u5316\u6e56\u6cca\u6c34\u8d28\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u91c7\u7528\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u63a2\u8ba8\u7ecf\u5178Gierer-Meinhardt\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u6a21\u578b(RD)\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u8fa8\u8bc6[141]\u3002Chang\u7b49\u4eba[143]\u7387\u5148\u7814\u7a76\u5177\u6709\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u53d1\u75c5\u7387\u7684\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563SIR\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8bc6\u522b\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u6a21\u5f0f\u5e76\u5b9e\u73b0\u56fe\u7075\u6591\u56fe\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0cChang\u56e2\u961f[81]\u5728SIR\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u6062\u590d\u901f\u7387\u7684\u8c03\u63a7\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u8c03\u63a7\u6591\u56fe\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u7a00\u758f\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\uff0cChang\u7b49[81]\u5f00\u53d1\u65b0\u578b\u6700\u5c0f\u4e8c\u4e58\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8fa8\u8bc6SIR\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563(RD)\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u56fe\u7075\u6591\u56fe\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

1.4 \u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6591\u56fe\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e0e\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u672c\u5c0f\u8282\u5c06\u7efc\u8ff0\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6591\u56fe\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u53ca\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u81ea20\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u53d1\u73b0\u73b0\u5b9e\u7f51\u7edc\u666e\u904d\u5177\u6709\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0e\u65e0\u6807\u5ea6\u7279\u6027\u540e\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u7406\u8bba\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u65f6\u7a7a\u4f20\u64ad\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u89c4\u5219\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u7cbe\u7ec6\u7684\u62d3\u6251\u7279\u5f81[14]\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5ea6\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u3001\u805a\u7c7b\u6548\u5e94\u3001\u793e\u7fa4\u7ed3\u6784\u53ca\u5ea6-\u5ea6\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\u80fd\u66f4\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u771f\u5b9e\u4eba\u7fa4\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

1.4.1 \u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u6591\u56fe\u52a8\u529b\u5b66 <\/span><\/p>\n

21\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u56e0\u57fa\u7840\u7814\u7a76\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u6587\u732e[24,146,147]\uff09\u5f15\u53d1\u5b66\u754c\u91cd\u89c6\u3002Horsthemke\u7b49\u4eba[148]\u9996\u521b\u975e\u89c4\u5219\u79bb\u6563\u7ed3\u6784\u6a21\u62df\u8026\u5408\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u5668\u9635\u5217\u3002\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u867d\u5177\u65b0\u610f\uff0c\u5374\u672a\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4ec5\u805a\u7126\u5c0f\u578b\u7f51\u7edc\u4e14\u672a\u660e\u786e\u5173\u8054\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u4e0e\u5e95\u5c42\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u30022010\u5e74\uff0cNakao\u4e0eMikhailov[57]\u5b9e\u73b0\u91cd\u8981\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u56fe\u7075\u5931\u7a33\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u63a8\u5bfc\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u7cfb\u7edf\u56fe\u7075\u6591\u56fe\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5960\u5b9a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5e76\u50ac\u751f\u7cfb\u5217\u540e\u7eed\u7814\u7a76[58,60\u201362,64\u201366,74,75,149\u2013159]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u6591\u56fe\u5f62\u6210\u7406\u8bba\u5df2\u62d3\u5c55\u81f3\u591a\u79cd\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u89c4\u5219\u3002Asllani\u56e2\u961f[58]\u5c06\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563(RD)\u7cfb\u7edf\u6591\u56fe\u7406\u8bba\u4ece\u65e0\u5411\u7f51\u7edc\u6269\u5c55\u81f3\u6709\u5411\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u6709\u5411\u7f51\u7edc\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u65e0\u5411\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u65b0\u578b\u5931\u7a33\u3002Petit\u7b49\u4eba[64]\u7814\u7a76\u65f6\u5e8f\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u591a\u7269\u79cd\u6591\u56fe\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u5931\u7a33\u8d77\u59cb\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u9884\u6d4b\u5f0f\u3002Asllani\u7814\u7a76\u7ec4[61,62]\u53d1\u73b0\u591a\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u4ea7\u751f\u5f02\u8d28\u6591\u56fe\uff0c\u5176\u5f62\u6001\u4e0e\u5355\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u8fe5\u5f02\u3002Gou\u7b49\u4eba[157]\u5efa\u7acb\u4e25\u683c\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u822c\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0b\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563(RD)\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684Hopf\u5206\u5c94\u89c4\u8303\u578b\uff0c\u5176\u8ba1\u7b97\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u8fdc\u8d85\u4f20\u7edf\u504f\u5fae\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u73b0\u6709\u6587\u732e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u6591\u56fe\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u591a\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u6fc0\u6d3b\u8282\u70b9\u6216\u6291\u5236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7a33\u6001\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u5176\u5f62\u6001\u53d7\u8282\u70b9\u5ea6\u503c\u6392\u5e8f\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u5ea6\u5206\u5e03\u5bf9\u6591\u56fe\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u8c03\u63a7\u673a\u5236\u3002Chang\u56e2\u961f[74]\u7387\u5148\u91cf\u5316\u5e73\u5747\u5ea6\u5bf9\u6591\u56fe\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u56de\u5f52\u5efa\u7acb\u5b9a\u91cf\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u6591\u56fe\u5f62\u6210\u6982\u7387\u968f\u5e73\u5747\u5ea6\u589e\u52a0\u5448\u6307\u6570\u8870\u51cf\u3002Siebert\u7b49\u4eba[152]\u53d1\u73b0\u7f29\u77ed\u7f51\u7edc\u5e73\u5747\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u53ef\u589e\u5927\u62c9\u666e\u62c9\u65af\u8c31\u9699\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6291\u5236\u56fe\u7075\u5931\u7a33\u3002Luo\u7814\u7a76\u7ec4[75]\u5728\u7ecf\u5178\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563(RD)\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u8003\u5bdf\u805a\u7c7b\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u5f53\u7f51\u7edc\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0e\u5e73\u5747\u5ea6\u56fa\u5b9a\u65f6\uff0c\u805a\u7c7b\u7cfb\u6570\u589e\u5927\u4f1a\u7ebf\u6027\u524a\u5f31\u56fe\u7075\u6591\u56fe\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u53e6\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u63a2\u8ba8\u65f6\u6ede\u6548\u5e94[160\u2013162]\u6216\u4ea4\u53c9\u6269\u6563\u673a\u5236[73,163\u2013166]\u8bf1\u5bfc\u7684\u6591\u56fe\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u901a\u5e38\u5047\u8bbe\u4ea4\u53c9\u6269\u6563\u9879\u5448\u7ebf\u6027\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7531\u62c9\u666e\u62c9\u65af\u56fe\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6269\u6563\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4ec5\u8003\u8651\u6210\u5bf9\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528[42]\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u7ebf\u6027\u6269\u6563\u673a\u5236\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5c06\u7fa4\u4f53\u6216\u9ad8\u9636\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0e\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u6269\u6563\uff08\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u4e2d\u4ea6\u79f0\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u8026\u5408\u6216\u6563\u5e03\uff09\u5f15\u5165\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b[45]\u3002Carletti\u56e2\u961f[167]\u9996\u521b\u6027\u5730\u901a\u8fc7\u8d85\u8fb9\u5e73\u5747\u573a\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u56fe\u7075\u7406\u8bba\u62d3\u5c55\u81f3\u8d85\u56fe\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u9002\u5f53\u52a0\u6743\u7f51\u7edc\u5e76\u5728\u8be5\u6846\u67b6\u5185\u7814\u7a76\u56fe\u7075\u6591\u56fe\u3002\u53d7\u6b64\u542f\u53d1\uff0cGao\u56e2\u961f[67]\u63ed\u793a\u5355\u7eaf\u590d\u5f62\u4e2d\u7684\u56fe\u7075\u6591\u56fe\u5f62\u6210\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u57fa\u4e8e\u5355\u7eaf\u590d\u5f62\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563(RD)\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6591\u56fe\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u7f51\u7edc\u5b58\u5728\u6839\u672c\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u57fa\u4e8eGambuzzo\u56e2\u961f[168]\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6846\u67b6\uff0cMuolo\u56e2\u961f[86]\u6784\u5efa\u9ad8\u9636\u7ed3\u6784\u56fe\u7075\u6591\u56fe\u7684\u666e\u9002\u7406\u8bba\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002Wang\u4e0eLiu[169]\u63a2\u7a76\u8d85\u56fe\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u975e\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u5176\u4e2d\u56fe\u7075\u6591\u56fe\u4e0e\u65f6\u7a7a\u6df7\u6c8c\u5171\u5b58\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed3\u5408\u65b0\u578b\u6bd4\u8f83\u539f\u7406\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u56fe\u7075\u5931\u7a33\u4e0eBenjamin-Feir\u5931\u7a33\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u89e3\u6790\u6761\u4ef6\u3002Giambagli\u56e2\u961f[170]\u9610\u660e\u72c4\u62c9\u514b\u7b97\u5b50\u8026\u5408\u7684\u62d3\u6251\u4fe1\u53f7\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563(RD)\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u786e\u7acb\u56fe\u7075\u6591\u56fe\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6761\u4ef6\u3002Ye\u56e2\u961f[159]\u57fa\u4e8e\u591a\u91cd\u7f51\u7edc\u6784\u5efa\u901a\u7528\u578b\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563(RD)\u8c23\u8a00\u4f20\u64ad\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u5165\u9ad8\u9636\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u5355\u5c42\u4e0e\u591a\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u56fe\u7075\u5931\u7a33\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u3002Li\u56e2\u961f[68]\u4ee5\u7ecf\u5178SIR\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563(RD)\u6a21\u578b\u4e3a\u57fa\u5e95\uff0c\u5256\u6790\u5355\u7eaf\u590d\u5f62\u4e2d\u7684\u56fe\u7075\u5931\u7a33\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5e76\u91cf\u5316\u5355\u7eaf\u5f62\u5f3a\u5ea6\u5bf9\u6591\u56fe\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8c03\u63a7\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

1.4.2 \u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u6587\u732e[82,171,172]\uff09\u3002\u9488\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u5316\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563(RD)\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6591\u56fe\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u9ad8\u7b49\u4eba[79]\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u751f\u6210\u7279\u5b9a\u6591\u56fe\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4e13\u7528\u6570\u503c\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u5218\u56e2\u961f[80]\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u62d3\u6251\u6270\u52a8\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ecd\u80fd\u7cbe\u786e\u5f15\u5bfc\u7cfb\u7edf\u751f\u6210\u76ee\u6807\u6ce2\u52a8\u6591\u56fe\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563(RD)\u7cfb\u7edf\u53c2\u6570\u8bc6\u522b\u4e5f\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u8fdb\u5c55\uff1a\u6731\u548c\u8881[173]\u5728\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563(RD)\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u64ad\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u674e\u548c\u6731[174]\u5728\u8c23\u8a00\u4f20\u64ad\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7f2a\u548c\u6731[175]\u5728\u6355\u98df\u8005-\u88ab\u6355\u98df\u8005\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563(RD)\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5747\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e86\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

1.5 \u7814\u7a76\u52a8\u673a\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u5177\u6709\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u6548\u5e94\u548c\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u7b49\u56fa\u6709\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4e0e\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563(RD)\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7ed3\u5408\u540e\uff0c\u4e3a\u6a21\u62df\u7a7a\u95f4\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u8fc7\u53bb\u5341\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5316\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563(RD)\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6591\u56fe\u5f62\u6210\u7814\u7a76\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u6591\u56fe\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u70ed\u70b9\u3002\u6591\u56fe\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563(RD)\u7cfb\u7edf\u52a8\u6001\u7279\u6027\u7684\u96c6\u4e2d\u4f53\u73b0\uff0c\u5176\u5f62\u6210\u63a7\u5236\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u638c\u63a7\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8bba\u5f00\u53d1\u7f51\u7edc\u5316RD\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6591\u56fe\u8c03\u63a7\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4e3a\u904f\u5236\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86\u65b0\u9014\u5f84\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u5b66\u754c\u5c1a\u7f3a\u4e4f\u9488\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563(RD)\u7cfb\u7edf\u6591\u56fe\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u8bc4\u8ff0\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u805a\u7126\u53cc\u91cd\u76ee\u6807\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u68b3\u7406\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u6591\u56fe\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e0e\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u63ed\u793a\u73b0\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u60ac\u800c\u672a\u51b3\u7684\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u6307\u660e\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u672a\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u672c\u6587\u65e8\u5728\u63a8\u52a8\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563(RD)\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u75be\u75c5\u9632\u63a7\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u65e8\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bc4\u8ff0\u7f51\u7edc\u5316\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563(RD)\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e0e\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u5e76\u5c31\u9886\u57df\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u63d0\u51fa\u6d1e\u89c1\u4e0e\u524d\u77bb\u3002\u5168\u6587\u67b6\u6784\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\u91cd\u70b9\u7814\u7a76\u89c4\u5219\u7f51\u7edc\u5316\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563(RD)\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u53ca\u5176\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\u6df1\u5165\u89e3\u6790\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u5316\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563(RD)\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u6591\u56fe\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u7740\u91cd\u63a2\u8ba8\u5355\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u591a\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0e\u9ad8\u9636\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u673a\u5236\uff1b\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bba\u8ff0\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u5316\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563(RD)\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u53cd\u5e94\u9879\u4e0e\u6269\u6563\u9879\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u8c03\u63a7\u53ca\u7efc\u5408\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\u603b\u7ed3\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u5e76\u5c55\u671b\u672a\u6765\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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2. \u89c4\u5219\u7f51\u7edc\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7a7a\u95f4\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


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\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u5a01\u80c1\u4eba\u7c7b\u751f\u547d\u5065\u5eb7\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u6311\u6218\u3002\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5bf9\u5236\u5b9a\u6709\u6548\u9632\u63a7\u7b56\u7565\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u805a\u7126\u89c4\u5219\u7f51\u7edc\u5316\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563(RD)\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e0e\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u8fc7\u6784\u5efa\u5c40\u90e8\u4ea4\u4e92\u4e0e\u7a7a\u95f4\u6269\u6563\u7684\u8026\u5408\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9645\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u573a\u666f\u63d0\u4f9b\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u8fd0\u7528\u6570\u5b66\u5efa\u6a21\u4e0e\u8ba1\u7b97\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7740\u529b\u63ed\u793a\u7a7a\u95f4\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u5185\u5728\u673a\u7406\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u7f13\u89e3\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u878d\u5408\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563(RD)\u7cfb\u7edf\u539f\u7406\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4e3a\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u9632\u63a7\u5f00\u8f9f\u65b0\u89c6\u89d2\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

2.1 \u89c4\u5219\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7a7a\u95f4\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

\u672c\u8282\u4ece\u4e24\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u89c6\u89d2\u5256\u6790\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f20\u64ad\u673a\u5236\uff1a\u6591\u56fe\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e0e\u590d\u6742\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3002\u6591\u56fe\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u5206\u5e03\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u636e\u6620\u5c04\u4e0e\u6570\u503c\u6c42\u89e3\uff0c\u76f4\u89c2\u5c55\u73b0\u75be\u75c5\u8de8\u533a\u57df\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u89e3\u6790\u611f\u67d3\u6591\u5757\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e3a\u5224\u65ad\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u6591\u56fe\u63d0\u4f9b\u5173\u952e\u4f9d\u636e\u3002\u590d\u6742\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u5219\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u7a76\u533a\u57df\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u3001\u4eba\u7fa4\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u3001\u6269\u6563\u7279\u6027\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u968f\u673a\u6269\u6563\u4e0e\u5b9a\u5411\u6269\u6563\uff09\u3001\u975e\u5c40\u90e8\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3001\u5468\u671f\u6027\u5b63\u8282\u6ce2\u52a8\u3001\u5e74\u9f84\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u65f6\u6ede\u6548\u5e94\u53ca\u5206\u5c94\u73b0\u8c61\uff08\u5982Hopf\u5206\u5c94\uff09\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u7efc\u5408\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u6df1\u5165\u63ed\u793a\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u590d\u6742\u673a\u7406\uff0c\u4e3a\u75ab\u60c5\u9884\u6d4b\u4e0e\u9632\u63a7\u7b56\u7565\u6784\u5efa\u575a\u5b9e\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/section>\n

\u56fe1. \u4e09\u79cd\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u7684\u533a\u57df\u5206\u5e03\u56fe\u3002A\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u622a\u81f32001\u5e743\u670830\u65e5\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u53e3\u8e44\u75ab\u75c5\u4f8b\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7ea2\u8272\u5706\u5708\u6807\u6ce8\u4e86\u521d\u59cb\u611f\u67d3\u70b9\uff0c\u6de1\u84dd\u8272\u4e09\u89d2\u6807\u8bb0\u4e86Longtown\u5e02\u573a\u3002\u517b\u6b96\u573a\u95f4\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u94fe\u901a\u8fc7\u8fde\u7ebf\u5448\u73b0\uff0c\u7a81\u663e\u4e86Essex\uff08\u7ea2\uff09\u3001Devon\uff08\u7d2b\uff09\u3001Wiltshire\uff08\u91d1\uff09\u4e0eHereford\uff08\u7eff\uff09\u56db\u5730\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\u7f51\u7edc\u30021967-1968\u5e74\u95f4\u7684\u91cd\u707e\u533a\u57df\u5219\u4ee5\u7070\u8272\u9634\u5f71\u6807\u6ce8[181]\u3002B\u56fe\u6a21\u62df\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b63\u8282\u6027\u6d41\u611f\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u6001\u52bf\uff0c\u7070\u8272\u80cc\u666f\u4ee3\u8868\u5404\u53bf\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u89c4\u6a21\uff0c\u9ed1\u8272\u5b9e\u5fc3\u5706\u6807\u6ce8\u4e86\u521d\u59cb\u75c5\u4f8b\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u7bad\u5934\u8ffd\u8e2a\u4e86\u4e3b\u8981\u5dde\u4eba\u53e3\u4e2d\u5fc3\u95f4\u7684\u4f20\u67d3\u6e90\u4f20\u64ad\u8f68\u8ff9[182]\u3002C\u56fe\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e86Rio de Janeiro\u4e24\u6b21\u767b\u9769\u70ed\u75ab\u60c5\u7684\u5cf0\u503c\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u5cf0\u503c\u6bd4\u7387\u91c7\u7528\u8272\u9636\u6807\u6ce8\uff1a\u84dd\u8272\u8868\u793a\u6b21\u5cf0\u4f4e\u4e8e\u9996\u5cf0\uff0c\u7ea2\u8272\u8868\u793a\u6b21\u5cf0\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u8be5\u5dee\u5f02\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4eba\u53e3\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5dee\u5f02\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5f02\u8d28\u6027[183]\u3002\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u6539\u7ed8\u81ea\u6587\u732e[181-183]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 2.1.1 \u89c4\u5219\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7a7a\u95f4\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u6591\u56fe\u52a8\u529b\u5b66 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u6591\u56fe\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u5173\u6ce8\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u5206\u5e03\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5e38\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u611f\u67d3\u6591\u5757\u7684\u4e0d\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u5177\u6709\u53cc\u91cd\u610f\u4e49\uff1a\u65e2\u80fd\u63ed\u793a\u75be\u75c5\u8de8\u533a\u57df\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u53c8\u80fd\u9610\u660e\u7a7a\u95f4\u6d41\u884c\u533a\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u6f14\u53d8\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u4ee5\u6d41\u611f\u66b4\u53d1\u4e3a\u4f8b[176]\uff0c\u7279\u5b9a\u533a\u57df\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u611f\u67d3\u6591\u5757\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u533a\u57df\u5219\u4fdd\u6301\u4f4e\u611f\u67d3\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u7a7a\u95f4\u611f\u67d3\u683c\u5c40\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u6027\u5206\u5e03\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7a7a\u95f4\u6591\u56fe\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u8fd8\u51f8\u663e\u4e86\u4f20\u64ad\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u533a\u57df\u5206\u5316\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u591a\u91c7\u7528\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u65b9\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u6a21\u62df\u9884\u6d4b\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6c42\u89e3\u65b9\u7a0b\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u80fd\u591f\u63ed\u793a\u6591\u5757\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u673a\u5236\u53ca\u5176\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u5e03\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u9610\u660e\u75be\u75c5\u5728\u533a\u57df\u95f4\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u5e76\u89e3\u6790\u611f\u67d3\u6591\u5757\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u8f68\u8ff9\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6591\u56fe\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u53d7\u53cc\u91cd\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd\uff1a\u65e2\u6e90\u4e8e\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u5185\u5728\u673a\u7406\uff0c\u4e5f\u53d7\u5230\u4eba\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u4eba\u53e3\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3001\u65f6\u6ede\u7b49\u5916\u90e8\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u5236\u7ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u75ab\u60c5\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u683c\u5c40\uff0c\u66f4\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7740\u611f\u67d3\u6591\u5757\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u6f14\u53d8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f53\u65b0\u578b\u75c5\u539f\u4f53\u51fa\u73b0\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u4f20\u64ad\u53d7\u591a\u91cd\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u884c\u6ce2[177,178]\u2014\u2014\u5373\u75be\u75c5\u53d1\u75c5\u7387\u7684\u5468\u671f\u6027\u6ce2\u52a8\u2014\u2014\u7531\u7fa4\u4f53\u514d\u75ab\u3001\u5b63\u8282\u6027\u4f20\u64ad\u89c4\u5f8b[176]\u53ca\u4eba\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u5206\u5e03\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u5171\u540c\u5851\u9020\u3002\u4ee5\u5b63\u8282\u6027\u6d41\u611f\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u53d7\u5730\u57df\u7279\u5f81\u3001\u5b63\u8282\u6027\u4f4e\u8c37\u4e0e\u75ab\u60c5\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5404\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u66b4\u53d1\u89c4\u6a21\u5dee\u5f02\u663e\u8457[179]\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0e\u4eba\u53e3\u5bc6\u5ea6\u540c\u6837\u5de6\u53f3\u75ab\u60c5\u6001\u52bf\uff0c\u5927\u578b\u57ce\u5e02\u5e38\u5448\u73b0\u7ef5\u5ef6\u7684\u75ab\u60c5\u5c3e\u90e8\uff0c\u5185\u90e8\u4eba\u53e3\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e0e\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u5dee\u5f02\u5c24\u4e3a\u7a81\u51fa\u3002\u628a\u63e1\u4eba\u7c7b\u5206\u5e03\u7279\u5f81\u4e0e\u57ce\u5e02\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u662f\u89e3\u6790\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u65f6\u7a7a\u6f14\u53d8\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u5929\u7136\u5177\u6709\u5730\u57df\u6027\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e0e\u5c40\u90e8\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ed3\u6784\u6784\u6210\u4f20\u64ad\u6001\u52bf\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8981\u7d20\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u5256\u6790\u4eba\u53e3\u7ed3\u6784\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u65e2\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4ea6\u4e3a\u4f18\u5316\u57ce\u5e02\u53d1\u5c55\u6a21\u578b\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u6491[180]\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ba4\u77e5\u53ef\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3002\u4e0b\u6587\u5c06\u5c55\u793a\u5b9e\u9645\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u5e03\u53ca\u5176\u65f6\u5e8f\u6f14\u53d8\u7279\u5f81\uff08\u89c1\u56fe1\uff09\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u56fe1\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e09\u79cd\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u7684\u533a\u57df\u5206\u5e03\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9A\u3001B\u3001C\u4e09\u56fe\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5206\u9879\u89e3\u6790\u3002\u5b50\u56feA\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u53e3\u8e44\u75ab\u75c5\u4f8b\u7684\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u6807\u6ce8\u4e86\u521d\u59cb\u611f\u67d3\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u52fe\u52d2\u51fa\u519c\u573a\u95f4\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u75ab\u60c5\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u6269\u6563\u8f68\u8ff9\u53ca\u533a\u57df\u611f\u67d3\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u5dee\u5f02[181]\u3002\u5b50\u56feB\u6a21\u62df\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b63\u8282\u6027\u6d41\u611f\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u6001\u52bf\uff0c\u53e0\u52a0\u4e86\u5404\u53bf\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6807\u8bb0\u4e86\u521d\u59cb\u75c5\u4f8b\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u7bad\u5934\u793a\u610f\u5dde\u9645\u95f4\u7684\u4f20\u67d3\u6e90\u5934\u4e0e\u4f20\u64ad\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u5b8c\u6574\u5448\u73b0\u4e86\u6d41\u611f\u7684\u6269\u6563\u89c4\u5f8b[182]\u3002\u5b50\u56feC\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u4ece\u84dd\uff08\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5cf0\u4f4e\u4e8e\u9996\u5cf0\uff09\u5230\u7ea2\uff08\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5cf0\u66f4\u9ad8\uff09\u7684\u6e10\u53d8\u8272\uff0c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e86\u91cc\u7ea6\u70ed\u5185\u5362\u4e24\u6b21\u767b\u9769\u70ed\u75ab\u60c5\u7684\u5cf0\u503c\u6bd4\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5404\u5730\u75ab\u60c5\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u771f\u5b9e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5730\u56fe\u7cbe\u51c6\u5448\u73b0\u4e86\u75ab\u60c5\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u6f14\u53d8\uff0c\u76f4\u89c2\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u533a\u57df\u4e25\u91cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u4f20\u64ad\u4e0e\u9636\u6bb5\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4e3a\u8bc4\u4f30\u5f53\u524d\u6001\u52bf\u3001\u5236\u5b9a\u9632\u75ab\u7b56\u7565\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u4f9d\u636e[183]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/section>\n

\u56fe2. \u5e74\u9f84\u5206\u5c42\u63a5\u89e6\u77e9\u9635\u5c55\u793a\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a(A) \u6b66\u6c49\u4eba\u53e3\u63a5\u89e6\u77e9\u9635\u4ec5\u5305\u542b\u5de5\u4f5c\u65e5\u63a5\u89e6\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u683c\u6570\u503c\u8868\u793a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5e74\u9f84\u6bb5\u4eba\u7fa4\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u63a5\u89e6\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u989c\u8272\u6df1\u6d45\u5bf9\u5e94\u63a5\u89e6\u9891\u7387\u3002\u8be5\u77e9\u9635\u91c7\u7528\u62bd\u6837\u6cd5\u6784\u5efa\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6b66\u6c49\u5b9e\u9645\u5e74\u9f84\u5206\u5e03\u66ff\u4ee3\u8c03\u67e5\u6837\u672c\u6743\u91cd\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u683c\u57fa\u4e8e100\u591a\u6b21\u62bd\u6837\u7ed3\u679c\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u3002(B) \u6b66\u6c49\u75ab\u60c5\u671f\u95f4\u63a5\u89e6\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u5e74\u9f84\u5206\u5c42\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e(A)\u76f8\u540c\u3002(C) \u57fa\u51c6\u63a5\u89e6\u77e9\u9635\u4e0e\u75ab\u60c5\u65f6\u671f\u63a5\u89e6\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u6539\u7f16\u81ea\u6587\u732e[184]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u63a5\u89e6\u77e9\u9635\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u591f\u76f4\u89c2\u5448\u73b0\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u63ed\u793a\u75ab\u60c5\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u56fe2\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5e74\u9f84\u5206\u5c42\u63a5\u89e6\u77e9\u9635\uff1a\u56feA\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u6b66\u6c49\u5404\u5e74\u9f84\u7ec4\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5355\u5143\u683c\u6570\u503c\u4ee3\u8868\u7279\u5b9a\u5e74\u9f84\u7ec4\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u7ec4\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u63a5\u89e6\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u989c\u8272\u6df1\u6d45\u663e\u793a\u63a5\u89e6\u9891\u6b21\uff1b\u56feB\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u75ab\u60c5\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\u77e9\u9635\uff1b\u56feC\u901a\u8fc7\u8272\u5dee\u76f4\u89c2\u5448\u73b0\u4e86\u4e24\u65f6\u671f\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u5dee\u5f02[184]\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u75ab\u60c5\u8bc4\u4f30\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u4e3a\u5236\u5b9a\u7cbe\u51c6\u7684\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u7b56\u7565\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u652f\u6491\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6591\u56fe\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563(RD)\u7cfb\u7edf\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u56fe\u7075\u6591\u56fe\uff0c\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u524d\u6cbf\u70ed\u70b9\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6591\u56fe\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u65b9\u7a0b\u7684\u7279\u89e3\uff0c\u5bf9\u9610\u660e\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u5e03\u89c4\u5f8b\u5177\u6709\u5173\u952e\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u89e3\u6790\u65b9\u7a0b\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5f97\u4ee5\u63ed\u793a\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5728\u673a\u7406\u4e0e\u6f14\u5316\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u89c2\u6d4b\u5230\u7684\u6591\u56fe\u5f62\u6001\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7531\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u66f4\u53d7\u73af\u5883\u8981\u7d20\u5236\u7ea6\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u65b9\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u9879\u523b\u753b\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u6269\u6563\u9879\u63cf\u8ff0\u75c5\u539f\u4f53\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f20\u64ad\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u7a76\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563(RD)\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6591\u56fe\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5bf9\u7406\u89e3\u611f\u67d3\u6591\u56fe\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u6784\u578b\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u6f14\u53d8\u89c4\u5f8b\u5177\u6709\u6838\u5fc3\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u7ecf\u5178SIR\u6a21\u578b\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5176\u63a7\u5236\u65b9\u7a0b\u7ec4\u5b9a\u4e49\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/section>\n

\u5176\u4e2d\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u53cd\u5e94\u9879<\/span><\/span><\/span> and <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u5206\u522b\u4e3b\u5bfc\u6613\u611f\u7fa4\u4f53S\u4e0e\u67d3\u75c5\u7fa4\u4f53I\u7684\u6d53\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u6570<\/span><\/span><\/span> and <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u8868\u5f81\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f20\u64ad\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u3002\u5ffd\u7565\u6269\u6563\u6548\u5e94\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7279\u5f81\u65b9\u7a0b\u9000\u5316\u4e3a\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

  <\/span><\/span><\/span>
<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6ee1\u8db3<\/span><\/span><\/span> and <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u7126\u70b9\u4e3a\u7a33\u5b9a\u6b63\u5e73\u8861\u70b9<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u3002\u5728\u6b64\u5e73\u8861\u70b9<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u9644\u8fd1\u65bd\u52a0\u5982\u4e0b\u975e\u5747\u5300\u6270\u52a8\uff1a <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/section>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u5230\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7279\u5f81\u65b9\u7a0b\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/span>
<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f0f\u4e2d<\/span><\/span><\/span> and <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u3002\u56e0\u6ce2\u6570<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u6052\u4e3a\u6b63\uff0c <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u59cb\u7ec8\u4e3a\u8d1f\u3002\u6545\u6b32\u5f62\u6210\u56fe\u7075\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4ea6\u987b\u4e3a\u8d1f\u3002\u8be5\u6761\u4ef6\u53ef\u8868\u8ff0\u4e3a\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/section>\n

\u56fe3. \u611f\u67d3\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u56fe\u7075\u6591\u56fe\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u663e\u793a\u4e0d\u540c\u611f\u67d3\u7387<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4e0b\u7684\u7a33\u6001\u6591\u56fe\uff1a\uff08a\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7ea2\u773c\u6591\u56fe\uff1b\uff08b\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7ea2\u773c-\u6761\u7eb9\u6df7\u5408\u6591\u56fe\uff1b\uff08c\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u6761\u7eb9\u6591\u56fe\uff08\u636e\u6587\u732e[81]\u6539\u7f16\uff09\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\u5c55\u793a\u4e2a\u4f53 <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u70b9\u72b6\u6591\u56fe\u65f6\u5e8f\u6f14\u5316\uff1a\uff08d\uff09t=50\uff0c\uff08e\uff09t=250\uff0c\uff08f\uff09t=1000\u3002\u56fe(g)\u5c55\u793a\u611f\u67d3\u4e2a\u4f53\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u5e03\uff08\u636e\u6587\u732e[185]\u6539\u7f16\uff09\u3002\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u6587\u732e[81,185]\u5236\u4f5c<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u57fa\u4e8e\u56fe\u7075\u6591\u56fe\u751f\u6210\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u56fe3\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u6591\u56fe\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u611f\u67d3\u7387\u5bf9\u6591\u56fe\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u6a21\u62df\u75be\u75c5\u65f6\u7a7a\u6f14\u53d8\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u56fe\u4e2d\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u5e03\u5730\u56fe\u517c\u5177\u53cc\u91cd\u529f\u80fd\u2014\u2014\u65e2\u5168\u9762\u8bc4\u4f30\u75ab\u60c5\u4e25\u91cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u53c8\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u9884\u6d4b\u548c\u9632\u63a7\u51b3\u7b56\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u6491\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u6210\u679c\u6df1\u5316\u4e86\u5bf9\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4e3a\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u5e72\u9884\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5173\u952e\u4f9d\u636e[81,185]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7a81\u51fa\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u7cbe\u51c6\u5448\u73b0\u75be\u75c5\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u683c\u5c40\u4e0e\u6f14\u53d8\u6001\u52bf\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u65b9\u7a0b\u63a8\u6f14\u4f20\u64ad\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e0d\u540c\u53c2\u6570\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u5c06\u65b9\u7a0b\u6570\u503c\u89e3\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u56fe\u8c31\uff0c\u76f4\u89c2\u5c55\u73b0\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u573a\u666f\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6570\u503c\u89e3\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u5206\u5e03\u56fe\u6e05\u6670\u52fe\u52d2\u51fa\u75be\u75c5\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5ef6\u5c55\u7684\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6210\u679c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6df1\u5316\u4e86\u5bf9\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u673a\u5236\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u66f4\u4e3a\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5236\u5b9a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u575a\u5b9e\u4f9d\u636e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

2.1.2 \u89c4\u5219\u7f51\u7edc\u5316\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7a7a\u95f4\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u590d\u6742\u52a8\u529b\u5b66<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u9610\u660e\u75be\u75c5\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u89c4\u5f8b\u4e0e\u5168\u5c40\u884c\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u901a\u8fc7\u6784\u5efa\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u65b9\u7a0b\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u7a76\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u673a\u5236\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u7cfb\u7edf\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u6591\u56fe\u3001\u4f20\u67d3\u673a\u5236\u4e0e\u5206\u5e03\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u91cd\u70b9\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u7a33\u6001\u89e3\u7684\u706d\u7edd\u6027\u3001\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u53ca\u6e10\u8fd1\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u5728\u4e8e\u63ed\u793a\u521d\u59cb\u611f\u67d3\u6570 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5bf9\u75be\u75c5\u5b58\u7eed\u6216\u6d88\u4ea1\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bc4\u4f30\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u8fd0\u7528\u4ece\u5c5e\u7b97\u5b50\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u8c31\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u7406\u8bba\u7b49\u5148\u8fdb\u6570\u5b66\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7cbe\u786e\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u7279\u5f81\u503c\u5e76\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u7a33\u6001\u89e3\u7279\u6027\u3002\u501f\u52a9Harnack\u578b\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f0f\u4e0e\u6781\u503c\u539f\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b9a\u91cf\u89e3\u6790\u4e86\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u6570\u53d8\u5316\u5bf9\u7a33\u6001\u89e3\u6e10\u8fd1\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5206\u6790\u4e3a\u63ed\u793a\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u5e03\u89c4\u5f8b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u575a\u5b9e\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u652f\u6491\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6574\u5408\u4e86\u5f02\u8d28\u6027[120,187,189]\u3001\u975e\u5c40\u90e8\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528[190,191]\u3001\u65f6\u6ede\u6548\u5e94[192]\u3001\u968f\u673a\u6270\u52a8[120,193]\u3001\u5b63\u8282\u5468\u671f[187]\u4e0e\u5e74\u9f84\u7ed3\u6784[193]\u7b49\u591a\u91cd\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u590d\u5408\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u5404\u8981\u7d20\u7684\u534f\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\u6df1\u5316\u4e86\u5bf9\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u591a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002\u540e\u7eed\u7ae0\u8282\u5c06\u7cfb\u7edf\u9610\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u89e3\u6790\u73b0\u5b9e\u590d\u6742\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u4e0e\u6f14\u5316\u89c4\u5f8b\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u6108\u53d1\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u7a76\u5176\u5bf9\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7814\u7a76\u65e2\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u7a7a\u95f4\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u5bf9\u75be\u75c5\u6269\u6563\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u975e\u5c40\u90e8\u6548\u5e94\u4e0e\u5468\u671f\u6027\u7b49\u590d\u5408\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u63a2\u8ba8\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u7279\u522b\u9488\u5bf9\u4f20\u64ad\u7387 <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u548c\u6062\u590d\u7387 <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u5c55\u5f00\u4e86\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790[120]\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7406\u8bba\u63a8\u5bfc\uff0c\u4e25\u683c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u9002\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u7cbe\u51c6\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u521d\u59cb\u611f\u67d3\u6570<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u7684\u6709\u754c\u6027\u3002\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u968f\u53c2\u6570\u53d8\u5316\u5448\u73b0\u4e25\u683c\u5355\u8c03\u4e14\u6e10\u8fd1\u6536\u655b\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u6301\u4e45\u6027\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5f53<\/span><\/span><\/span> >1\u65f6\uff0c\u75be\u75c5\u5c06\u6301\u7eed\u6d41\u884c\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e86\u6a21\u578b\u89e3\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u6027\u3001\u552f\u4e00\u6027\u4e0e\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u66f4\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u65b9\u7a0b(9)\u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u6269\u6563\u7684\u8c03\u63a7\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u5e38\u5fae\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5f02\u8d28\u968f\u673a\u6269\u6563\u80fd\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5206\u9694\u6613\u611f\u8005\u4e0e\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u964d\u4f4e\u75ab\u60c5\u89c4\u6a21\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/section>\n

\u5176\u4e2d<\/span><\/span><\/span> ( <\/span><\/span><\/span> ) \u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u5149\u6ed1\u8fb9\u754c<\/span><\/span><\/span> ( <\/span><\/span><\/span> )\u7684\u6709\u754c\u533a\u57df\uff0c <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u8868\u793a <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4e0a\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u5916\u6cd5\u5411\u91cf\u3002\u51fd\u6570<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u548c <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u65f6\u523b <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u3001\u4f4d\u7f6e <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5904\u6613\u611f\u8005\u4e0e\u67d3\u75c5\u8005\u7684\u79cd\u7fa4\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3002\u6269\u6563\u901f\u7387 <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u548c <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5747\u4e3a\u6b63\u5e38\u6570\u3002\u7a7a\u95f4\u51fd\u6570<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u548c <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u5904\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u7387\u4e0e\u5eb7\u590d\u7387\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u5747\u4e3aH\u00f6lde\u8fde\u7eed\u51fd\u6570\u3002 <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u548c <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5206\u522b\u63cf\u8ff0\u6613\u611f\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e0e\u67d3\u75c5\u7fa4\u4f53\u5728 <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u5904\u7684\u6269\u6563\u901f\u7387\u3002\u6b64\u7c7bFokker\u2013Planck \u6269\u6563\u53ef\u8868\u8ff0\u4e3a\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f6d\u7b49\u5b66\u8005\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u7a76\u4e86\u65f6\u95f4\u5468\u671f\u6027\u4f5c\u7528\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u524d\u4eba\u7814\u7a76\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u76f8\u5173\u7684\u9608\u503c\u578b\u5168\u5c40\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u5224\u636e[118]\u3002\u8be5\u5de5\u4f5c\u9610\u660e\u4e86\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u6269\u6563\u7387 <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u548c <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u7684\u6e10\u8fd1\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u65f6\u7a7a\u5f02\u8d28\u73af\u5883\u5bf9\u75be\u75c5\u6d88\u957f\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u8c03\u63a7\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff1a\u65f6\u7a7a\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u5468\u671f\u6027\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u663e\u8457\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u75be\u75c5\u6301\u7eed\u4f20\u64ad\uff1b\u5355\u72ec\u8003\u5bdf\u4efb\u4e00\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u524a\u5f31\u4e86\u4f20\u64ad\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3002\u5f53\u805a\u7126\u4f20\u64ad\u901f\u7387\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u65f6\u7a7a\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u7cbe\u51c6\u8868\u5f81\u4eba\u9645\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u5b63\u8282\u6ce2\u52a8\u4e0e\u5730\u57df\u5dee\u5f02[187]\u3002\u6570\u503c\u6a21\u62df\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u7ec6\u83cc\u5e73\u6d41\u7cfb\u6570v\u4e0e\u4e0b\u6e38\u6d41\u5931\u7387c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u65e2\u80fd\u904f\u5236\u970d\u4e71\u611f\u67d3\u89c4\u6a21\uff0c\u4ea6\u53ef\u6fc0\u5316\u75ab\u60c5\u6269\u6563\uff0c\u5448\u73b0\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u7814\u7a76[194]\u7406\u8bba\u8bc1\u5b9e\uff1a\u5728\u4f20\u64ad\u7387\u4e0e\u5eb7\u590d\u7387\u6052\u5b9a\uff0c\u6216\u6613\u611f\u8005\u4e0e\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u6269\u6563\u7387\u76f8\u7b49\u65f6\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5219\u65e0\u75c5\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u5177\u5168\u5c40\u5438\u5f15\u529b\uff1b <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u65f6\u5730\u65b9\u75c5\u5e73\u8861\u70b9\u5177\u6709\u5168\u5c40\u5438\u5f15\u6027\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u65e2\u53d7\u53c2\u6570\u8c03\u8282\uff0c\u4e5f\u7531\u57fa\u672c\u518d\u751f\u6570\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u5bf9\u7a7a\u95f4\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u53d1\u73b0\u8be5\u7279\u6027\u901a\u5e38\u80fd\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u6269\u6563[195]\u3002\u9664\u7a7a\u95f4\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u5916\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u540c\u65f6\u8003\u5bdf\u975e\u5c40\u90e8\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u5165\u975e\u5c40\u90e8\uff08\u5377\u79ef\uff09\u6269\u6563\u7b97\u5b50<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7cbe\u786e\u63cf\u8ff0\u5176\u4f5c\u7528\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5f0f\u4e2d <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u8868\u793a\u4f4d\u7f6ex\u4e0e\u65f6\u523bt\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff0c <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4ee3\u8868\u4ecey\u5230x\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u3002 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u8861\u91cf\u4e2a\u4f53\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u4f4d\u7f6e\u62b5\u8fbex\u7684\u901f\u7387\uff0c <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5219\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e2a\u4f53\u4ecex\u6d41\u51fa\u81f3\u5176\u4ed6\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u901f\u7387\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u521d\u59cb\u611f\u67d3\u6570 <\/span><\/span><\/span> \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5206\u6790\u975e\u5c40\u90e8\u6269\u6563SIS\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7a33\u6001\u89e3\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u6027\u3001\u552f\u4e00\u6027\u53ca\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8003\u8651\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6269\u6563\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u63ed\u793a\uff1a\u5f53\u4f20\u64ad\u7387 <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u9ad8\u4e8e\u5eb7\u590d\u7387<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u65f6\uff0c\u75be\u75c5\u901a\u5e38\u6301\u7eed\u6d41\u884c\uff1b\u82e5 <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u4f4e\u4e8e <\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff0c\u75be\u75c5\u5219\u8d8b\u4e8e\u6d88\u4ea1\u3002\u4f46\u8003\u8651\u7a7a\u95f4\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u5728<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u75be\u75c5\u4ecd\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u7a81\u663e\u7a7a\u95f4\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u5bf9\u75be\u75c5\u6269\u6563\u7684\u5f3a\u5316\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5c40\u90e8\u4f20\u64ad\u7387<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4f4e\u4e8e\u5c40\u90e8\u5eb7\u590d\u7387<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u533a\u57df\u5212\u4e3a\u4f4e\u98ce\u9669\u533a\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4e3a\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\u533a\u3002\u5f53<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u65f6\u5168\u57df\u5c5e\u4f4e\u98ce\u9669\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u65f6\u5168\u57df\u5f52\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u4ece\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u7269\u79cd\u6816\u606f\u5730\u4ee5\u4f4e\u98ce\u9669\u533a\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5b58\u5728\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\u533a\u4e14\u67d3\u75c5\u4e2a\u4f53\u8fc1\u79fb\u7f13\u6162\uff0c\u75be\u75c5\u4ecd\u53ef\u8513\u5ef6\u3002\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u67d3\u75c5\u8005\u5feb\u901f\u8fc1\u79fb\u4f1a\u6291\u5236\u4f20\u64ad\u3002\u603b\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7269\u79cd\u6816\u5c45\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\u533a\u6613\u81f4\u75be\u75c5\u6301\u7eed\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u6816\u606f\u5730\u4ee5\u4f4e\u98ce\u9669\u533a\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5219\u6613\u88ab\u6839\u9664\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u590d\u6742\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u673a\u5236\u4e3a\u75ab\u75c5\u9632\u63a7\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5173\u952e\u6d1e\u89c1[195]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u975e\u5c40\u90e8\u6548\u5e94\u5bf9\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002Wang [120]\u901a\u8fc7\u6784\u5efa\u4e0a\u754c\u89e3\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u4f20\u64ad\u901f\u5ea6\u7684\u4e0a\u9650\uff0c\u5e76\u5f15\u5165\u542b\u975e\u5c40\u90e8\u65f6\u6ede\u7684\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u7a0b\u63a8\u5bfc\u4e0b\u754c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u754c\u5b9a\u4e86\u4f20\u64ad\u901f\u5ea6\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u8303\u56f4\u3002Zhao\u56e2\u961f[196]\u53d1\u73b0\u4eba\u7c7b\u8fc1\u5f99\u6a21\u5f0f\u5177\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3cL\u00e9vy\u98de\u884c\u7684\u91cd\u5c3e\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u65e0\u6807\u5ea6\u975e\u5c40\u90e8\u52a8\u6001\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u91c7\u7528\u975e\u5c40\u90e8\u6269\u6563\u6a21\u578b\u89e3\u6790\u4e86\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6269\u6563\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u6f14\u53d8\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u611f\u67d3\u6570<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u662f\u5224\u65ad\u75ab\u60c5\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u5b58\u5728\u53ca\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u5173\u952e\u9608\u503c\uff1a\u5728\u4f4e\u98ce\u9669\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u6269\u6563\u901f\u7387\u4e0e\u5206\u6570\u9636\u6307\u6570\u5747\u663e\u8457\u5f71\u54cd\u8be5\u9608\u503c\u3002\u65b0\u51a0\u75ab\u60c5\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u89c2\u6d4b\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u79fb\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u540c\u6837\u5177\u5907\u7c7b\u4f3cL\u00e9vy\u98de\u884c\u7684\u91cd\u5c3e\u65e0\u6807\u5ea6\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u4e3a\u6b64\u73b0\u8c61\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7406\u8bba\u652f\u6491[196]\u3002Sun\u56e2\u961f[191]\u9488\u5bf9\u53e3\u8e44\u75ab\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u975e\u5c40\u90e8\u611f\u67d3\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5305\u542b\u975e\u5c40\u90e8\u611f\u67d3\u4e0e\u65f6\u6ede\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8bc1\u5b9e\u521d\u59cb\u611f\u67d3\u6570<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a\u75ab\u60c5\u8d70\u5411\u7684\u5206\u754c\u70b9\u2014\u2014\u5f53<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u65f6\u75be\u75c5\u6d88\u9000\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u5c06\u6301\u7eed\u6269\u6563\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u6587\u732e[191]\u7cfb\u7edf\u63a2\u7a76\u4e86\u6269\u6563\u3001\u975e\u5c40\u90e8\u6548\u5e94\u4e0e\u65f6\u6ede\u5bf9\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5f53\u521d\u59cb\u611f\u67d3\u6570<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u65f6\uff0c\u6269\u6563\u5bf9\u7a33\u6001\u8fbe\u6210\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u611f\u67d3\u6c34\u5e73\u800c\u5f02\uff1a\u5728\u4f4e\u611f\u67d3\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0b\uff0c\u67d3\u75c5\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e0e\u75c5\u539f\u4f53\u6269\u6563\u52a0\u901f\u4f1a\u7f29\u77ed\u8d8b\u7a33\u65f6\u95f4\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u9ad8\u611f\u67d3\u6c34\u5e73\u65f6\uff08\u5373<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u503c\u8f83\u5927\uff09\uff0c\u6269\u6563\u6548\u5e94\u8d8b\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u2014\u2014\u6574\u4f53\u8d8b\u7a33\u65f6\u95f4\u867d\u7f29\u77ed\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u611f\u67d3\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e0e\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u5173\u8054\u66f4\u4e3a\u7cbe\u7ec6\u3002\u5bf9<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u3001<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u654f\u611f\u6027\u5206\u6790\u663e\u793a\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4e0e\u5e73\u8861\u611f\u67d3\u6c34\u5e73<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5728<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5e73\u9762\u4e0a\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u5206\u533a\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4e24\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u76f8\u5173\u66f2\u9762\u7684\u4ea4\u7ebf\u5c06\u5e73\u9762\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u533a\u57df\uff1a\u5f53<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u548c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5206\u5c5e\u4e0d\u540c\u533a\u57df\u65f6\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4e0e<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7684\u654f\u611f\u6027\u54cd\u5e94\u5404\u5f02\u3002\u7279\u522b\u5730\uff0c\u5f53\u4e24\u53c2\u6570\u540c\u4e3a\u6781\u503c\uff08\u6781\u9ad8\u6216\u6781\u4f4e\uff09\u65f6\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5bf9\u53e3\u8e44\u75ab\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u66f4\u4e3a\u663e\u8457\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8bc1\u5b9e\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u67d3\u75ab\u7fa4\u4f53\u3001\u9694\u79bb\u75ab\u533a\u662f\u6709\u6548\u9632\u63a7\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u6269\u6563\u673a\u5236\u5728\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u4e2d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6587\u732e[190]\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u6269\u6563\u901f\u7387\u4e0b\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u7684\u5b58\u7eed\u4e0e\u6d88\u4ea1\uff0c\u9610\u660e\u4e86\u5c40\u90e8\u7a33\u6001\u7684\u6e10\u8fd1\u5206\u5e03\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5c40\u90e8\u7a33\u6001\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u89c4\u5219\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5176\u5e8f\u5217\u6781\u9650\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6c42\u89e3\u96be\u5ea6\u5267\u589e\u3002\u5f53\u67d3\u75c5\u4e2a\u4f53\u6269\u6563\u7387\u8d8b\u8fd1\u4e8e\u96f6\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u805a\u96c6\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u7ed3\u8bba\u660e\u786e\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u4ec5\u9650\u5236\u6613\u611f\u4e2a\u4f53\u6d41\u52a8\u65e0\u6cd5\u6839\u9664\u75ab\u60c5\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u7fa4\u4f53\u603b\u91cf\u4fdd\u6301\u8f83\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

2023\u5e74\uff0c\u5218\u7b49\u4eba[192]\u7cfb\u7edf\u89e3\u6790\u4e86\u65f6\u7a7a\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u4e0e\u975e\u5c40\u90e8\u65f6\u6ede\u5728\u53cd\u5e94\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u8026\u5408\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u9488\u5bf9\u5e03\u9c81\u6c0f\u83cc\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u5c55\u5f00\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u56e2\u961f\u4f9d\u636e\u4e34\u5e8a\u75c7\u72b6\u4e0e\u611f\u67d3\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5c06\u7ef5\u7f8a\u5e03\u9c81\u6c0f\u83cc\u75c5\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u6025\u6027\u548c\u6162\u6027\u4e24\u7c7b\uff0c\u5e76\u636e\u6b64\u6784\u5efa\u4e86SLICB\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u6613\u611f-\u6f5c\u4f0f-\u6025\u6027-\u6162\u6027-\u5e03\u9c81\u6c0f\u83cc\uff09\u3002\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u6709\u673a\u878d\u5408\u4e86\u5b63\u8282\u6027\u53d8\u5316\u3001\u7a7a\u95f4\u5f02\u8d28\u683c\u5c40\u53ca\u975e\u5c40\u90e8\u65f6\u6ede\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u65e2\u660e\u6670\u4e86\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u5185\u5728\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u53c8\u7cbe\u51c6\u91cf\u5316\u4e86\u75ab\u60c5\u6269\u6563\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u5c42\u7ea7\u3002SLICB\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u504f\u5fae\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b\u7ec4\u8868\u8ff0\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/section>\n

\u5728\u6b64\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u51fd\u6570\u5448\u73b0\u5468\u671f\u6027\u53d8\u5316\u3002 <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u548c <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u6613\u611f\u7ef5\u7f8a\u3001\u6f5c\u4f0f\u671f\u7ef5\u7f8a\u3001\u75c7\u72b6\u611f\u67d3\u7ef5\u7f8a\u53ca\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5e03\u9c81\u6c0f\u83cc\u7684\u6b63\u6269\u6563\u7387\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6025\u6027\u548c\u6162\u6027\u611f\u67d3\u7ef5\u7f8a\u5747\u5c5e\u4e8e\u75c7\u72b6\u611f\u67d3\u7c7b\u522b\uff0c\u4e14\u91c7\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6269\u6563\u7387\u3002\u5173\u952e\u53c2\u6570\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u8865\u5145\u7387<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff0c\u63a5\u89e6\u611f\u67d3\u7387<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2014\u2014\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u6613\u611f\u7ef5\u7f8a\u4e0e\u6025\u6027\u611f\u67d3\u7ef5\u7f8a\u3001\u6162\u6027\u611f\u67d3\u7ef5\u7f8a\u53ca\u73af\u5883\u5e03\u9c81\u6c0f\u83cc\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\u4f20\u64ad\u3002\u53c2\u6570b\u8868\u793a\u75c7\u72b6\u611f\u67d3\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u6025\u6027\u75c5\u4f8b\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002\u51fd\u6570<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u56e0\u6cbb\u7597\u6216\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u6025\u6027\u611f\u67d3\u8f6c\u4e3a\u6162\u6027\u611f\u67d3\u7684\u6982\u7387\u3002\u6025\u6027\u4e0e\u6162\u6027\u611f\u67d3\u7ef5\u7f8a\u5411\u73af\u5883\u91ca\u653e\u5e03\u9c81\u6c0f\u83cc\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5206\u522b\u4e3a<\/span>\uff08\uff09<\/span><\/span>\u3002\u611f\u67d3\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7531\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51fd\u6570\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n
<\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span>\uff33\u3001\uff29\u3001\uff23\u3001\uff22<\/span><\/span>\u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u4f4d\u7f6ex\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4t\u7684\u6613\u611f\u4e2a\u4f53\u3001\u6025\u6027\u611f\u67d3\u4e2a\u4f53\u3001\u6162\u6027\u611f\u67d3\u4e2a\u4f53\u53ca\u5e03\u9c81\u6c0f\u83cc\u79cd\u7fa4\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5bf9\u5e94\u611f\u67d3\u53cd\u5e94\u65f6\u6ede\u65f6\u957f\u3002\u9644\u52a0\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u4e0e\u6e05\u9664\u7387\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\uff1a<\/span>\uff0c\uff0c\uff0c\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u5176\u4e2d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u8868\u793a\u6f5c\u4f0f\u671f\u7f8a\u7fa4\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff09\u548c\u6709\u75c7\u72b6\u611f\u67d3\u7f8a\u7fa4\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff09\u7684\u76d1\u6d4b\u6251\u6740\u7387\uff0c<\/span>\u4e0e<\/span><\/span>\u5206\u522b\u6307\u7f8a\u7fa4\u81ea\u7136\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u53ca\u5e03\u9c81\u6c0f\u83cc\u81ea\u7136\u8870\u51cf\u7387\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4e3a\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5e03\u9c81\u6c0f\u83cc\u7684\u6e05\u9664\u901f\u7387\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/section>\n

\u56fe6. \u53c2\u6570\u5bf9\u75be\u75c5\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u53ca\u79cd\u7fa4\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\uff08a\uff09\u521d\u59cb\u611f\u67d3\u6570 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u968f\u6f5c\u4f0f\u65f6\u6ede<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u589e\u5927\u800c\u9012\u51cf\u3002\uff08b\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u968f\u6709\u75c7\u72b6\u611f\u67d3\u7f8a\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u5e03\u9c81\u6c0f\u83cc\u6269\u6563\u901f\u7387\u589e\u52a0\u5448\u4e0b\u964d\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\uff08c\uff09\u63ed\u793a\u6025\u6027\u4e0e\u6162\u6027\u611f\u67d3\u5bf9\u6709\u75c7\u72b6\u611f\u67d3\u7f8a\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u6027\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\uff08d\uff09\u5b63\u8282\u632f\u5e45\u5bf9\u6709\u75c7\u72b6\u611f\u67d3\u7f8a\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u673a\u5236\uff1a\u5f53<\/span>\u4e14<\/span><\/span>\u65f6\uff0c\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5bf9\u5e94\u6025\u6027\u611f\u67d3\u533a\u7684\u6709\u75c7\u72b6\u7f8a\uff1b<\/span>\u4e14<\/span><\/span>\u65f6\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u6025\u6162\u6027\u611f\u67d3\u7f8a\u5171\u5b58\u72b6\u6001\uff1b<\/span>\u4e14<\/span><\/span>\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u8868\u5f81\u6162\u6027\u611f\u67d3\u533a\u7f8a\u7fa4\u3002\uff08e\uff091\u6708\u81f33\u6708\u671f\u95f4\u6025\u6027\u611f\u67d3\u7f8a\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7684\u65f6\u5e8f\u6f14\u53d8\u3002\uff08f\uff09\u751f\u80b2\u5cf0\u503c\u66f2\u7ebf\u5c55\u793a1-3\u6708\u95f4\u51fa\u751f\u7387\u7684\u65f6\u5e8f\u5206\u5e03\u7279\u5f81\u3002 \u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u6539\u7f16\u81ea\u6587\u732e[192]\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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 (i) \u5f53\u521d\u59cb\u611f\u67d3\u6570R<\/span>0<\/span><\/sub><R \u65f6\uff0c\u65e0\u75c5\u5e73\u8861\u70b9\u5168\u5c40\u6e10\u8fd1\u7a33\u5b9a\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\n

(ii) \u5f53<\/span>R<\/span>0<\/span><\/sub>=R\u65f6\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u552f\u4e00\u5c40\u90e8\u5e73\u8861\u70b9\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u81f3\u591a\u4e09\u7ef4\u7684\u5e42\u96f6\u978d\u70b9\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\n

 (iii)\u5f53R*<R<\/span>0<\/span><\/sub><1\u65f6\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c40\u90e8\u5e73\u8861\u70b9\uff1a\u5176\u4e00\u4e3a\u81f3\u5c11\u4e09\u91cd\u5f31\u591a\u91cd\u7126\u70b9\uff0c\u5176\u4e8c\u4e3a\u978d\u70b9\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\n

 (iv)\u5f53R<\/span>0<\/span><\/sub>\u22651 \u65f6\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u552f\u4e00\u5177\u5f31\u7126\u70b9\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u5e73\u8861\u70b9\uff0c\u5448\u73b0\u81f3\u5c11\u4e09\u79cd\u591a\u6837\u6027\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/section>\n

\u56fe7. \u4f59\u7ef41\u970d\u666e\u592b\u5206\u5c94\uff1a(a) \u8d85\u4e34\u754c\u970d\u666e\u592b\u5206\u5c94\uff1b(b) \u4e9a\u4e34\u754c\u970d\u666e\u592b\u5206\u5c94\u3002\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u6539\u7f16\u81ea\u6587\u732e[198]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u56fe8. \u7cfb\u7edf(1)\u5728\u56fe\u7075-\u970d\u666e\u592b\u5206\u5c94\u70b9\u9644\u8fd1\uff0c\u968f\u53c2\u6570 <\/span>\u548c<\/span><\/span>\u5fae\u5c0f\u6270\u52a8\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5206\u5c94\u56fe\u3001\u76f8\u56fe\u53ca\u52a8\u6001\u54cd\u5e94\u3002(a)\u4e8c\u7ef4\u53c2\u6570\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u6807\u51c6\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5206\u5c94\u56fe\u3002(b)\u5bf9\u5e94(a)\u7684\u76f8\u56fe\uff1a\u7eff\u70b9\u8868\u793a\u7a33\u5b9a\u6001\uff0c\u7ea2\u70b9\u8868\u793a\u975e\u7a33\u6001\u3002(c)\u2014(f)\u611f\u67d3\u4eba\u7fa4\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u6f14\u5316\u3002(g)\u2014(j)\u6613\u611f\u4eba\u7fa4\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u5206\u5e03\u3002\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u8bd1\u81ea\u6587\u732e[200]\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u5176\u4e2d ( S ) \u8868\u793a\u6613\u611f\u4eba\u7fa4\uff0c( I ) \u4ee3\u8868\u611f\u67d3\u4eba\u7fa4\uff0c\u4e8c\u9636\u5bfc\u6570\u9879\u4e3a<\/span>\u548c<\/span><\/span>  \u3002\u53c2\u6570<\/span>\u548c<\/span><\/span> \u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u8865\u5145\u7387\u3001\u4f20\u64ad\u7387\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u3001\u75be\u75c5\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6613\u611f\u8005\u4e0e\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u7684\u6269\u6563\u901f\u7387\u3002\u5b9e\u503cSobolev\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u5176\u5185\u79ef\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u6b63\u5e73\u8861\u6001<\/span><\/span><\/span>  \u662f\u7814\u7a76\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u504f\u5dee\u91cf<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u53ef\u5c55\u5f00\u4e3a\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u5176\u4e2d<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u4e3a\u8bfa\u4f0a\u66fc\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u62c9\u666e\u62c9\u65af\u7b97\u5b50\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u5b9a\u56fe\u7075-\u970d\u666e\u592b\u5206\u5c94\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8ba1\u7b97\u5176\u89c4\u8303\u5f62\u4e3a\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u5176\u4e2d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u8868\u5f81\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u52a8\u6001\uff0cs\u5bf9\u5e94\u7a7a\u95f4\u52a8\u6001\u3002\u7cfb\u6570<\/span>\u3001\u3001\u3001\u3001\u548c<\/span><\/span>\u5747\u4e3a\u5206\u5c94\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5206\u6790\u7cfb\u7edf(12)\u53ef\u5f97\u7cfb\u7edf(11)\u5728\u56fe\u7075-\u970d\u666e\u592b\u4e34\u754c\u70b9\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u5206\u5c94\u56fe\uff08\u89c1\u56fe8\uff09\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u5fae\u5c0f\u6ce2\u52a8\u5373\u53ef\u5f15\u53d1\u56db\u79cd\u65f6\u7a7a\u6a21\u5f0f\u8f6c\u53d8\uff1a\u5747\u5300\u5b9a\u5e38\u6001\u3001\u7a7a\u95f4\u5468\u671f\u6001\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u5468\u671f\u6001\u53ca\u65f6\u7a7a\u5468\u671f\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe9.\uff08a\uff09\u7cfb\u7edf(1)\u5728<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u65f6\u7684\u5206\u5c94\u56fe\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u5bc6\u5ea6L2\u8303\u6570\u968f\u5206\u5c94\u53c2\u6570<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u53d8\u5316\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5b9e\u7ebf\u4ee3\u8868\u7a33\u5b9a\u89e3\uff0c\u865a\u7ebf\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u89e3\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c3a\u5ea6L=100\u3002\u9ed1\u8272\u76f4\u7ebf\u5bf9\u5e94\u65e0\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\u6001\uff0c\u9ed1\u8272\u66f2\u7ebf\u8868\u793a\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u84dd\u8272\u66f2\u7ebf\u5c55\u73b0\u5468\u671f\u6001\u5206\u5c94\uff0c\u7ea2\u8272\u66f2\u7ebf\u663e\u793a\u7531\u591a\u79cd\u6df7\u5408\u6001\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u540c\u5bbf\u86c7\u884c\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6d0b\u7ea2\u8272\u66f2\u7ebf\u8868\u793a\u591a\u4e2a\u5355\u8109\u51b2\u89e3\u3002\uff08b\uff09\u56fe(a)\u4e2d\u7ea2\u8272\u66f2\u7ebf\u5c40\u90e8\u653e\u5927\u56fe\u3002\uff08B1\uff09-\uff08B5\uff09\u5bf9\u5e94\u56fe(a)\u6807\u6ce8\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u89e3\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u6539\u7f16\u81ea\u6587\u732e[200]\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u5728\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u6c42\u89e3\u56fe\u7075-\u970d\u666e\u592b\u5206\u5c94\u7684\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e3a\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\u590d\u6742\u65f6\u7a7a\u6591\u56fe\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u6838\u5fc3\u6570\u5b66\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6df1\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u66f4\u4e3a\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u63a7\u5236\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5207\u5b9e\u6307\u5bfc\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u672c\u8282\u63ed\u793a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u7cbe\u5bc6\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u7740\u91cd\u9610\u660e\u591a\u91cd\u56e0\u7d20\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u75ab\u60c5\u6269\u6563\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u89e3\u6790\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u3001\u975e\u5c40\u90e8\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3001\u6269\u6563\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ca\u590d\u6742\u5206\u5c94\u673a\u5236\u5bf9\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u673a\u7406\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u591a\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\u4ea4\u7ec7\u5f71\u54cd\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u4e3a\u7406\u89e3\u89c4\u5219\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u590d\u6742\u52a8\u6001\u5960\u5b9a\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u672a\u6765\u5236\u5b9a\u9ad8\u6548\u9632\u63a7\u7b56\u7565\u63d0\u4f9b\u79d1\u5b66\u652f\u6491\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

2.2 \u89c4\u5219\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u6591\u56fe\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u5bf9\u516c\u4f17\u5065\u5eb7\u6784\u6210\u91cd\u5927\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u53d1\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u75be\u75c5\u6d41\u884c\u3001\u6b7b\u4ea1\u6fc0\u589e\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u52a8\u8361\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4f7f\u533b\u7597\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u582a\u91cd\u8d1f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b66\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u63a7\u5236\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u75be\u75c5\u66b4\u53d1\u4ecd\u662f\u4e9f\u5f85\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u96be\u9898[201]\u3002\u89c4\u5219\u7f51\u7edc\u5177\u6709\u5747\u5300\u7684\u5ea6\u5206\u5e03\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u91cf\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3a\u6a21\u62df\u75be\u75c5\u5728\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e2d\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u6846\u67b6[25]\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7814\u7a76\u5e76\u4f18\u5316\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u6591\u56fe\uff0c\u53ef\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7cbe\u51c6\u5e72\u9884\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u904f\u5236\u75ab\u60c5\u6269\u6563\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u672c\u8282\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8bba\u5728\u75be\u75c5\u7ba1\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u7740\u91cd\u9610\u91ca\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u5b9a\u5411\u7684\u75ab\u60c5\u5e94\u5bf9\u3002\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8bba\u63d0\u4f9b\u6570\u5b66\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5728\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u611f\u67d3\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0e\u63a7\u5236\u6210\u672c\u95f4\u5bfb\u6c42\u5e73\u8861[202]\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63a2\u7d22\u4e09\u79cd\u4e92\u8865\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u7a00\u758f\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u4e0e\u5c40\u90e8\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u6bcf\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u4e3a\u75ab\u60c5\u9632\u63a7\u63d0\u4f9b\u72ec\u7279\u89c6\u89d2\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u8bc6\u522b\u5e72\u9884\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u65e2\u80fd\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u6291\u5236\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u53c8\u53ef\u964d\u4f4e\u63a7\u5236\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u6700\u4f18\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u7a00\u758f\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u7a00\u758f\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\u65e2\u6709\u6548\u53c8\u8282\u7701\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u805a\u7126\u7f51\u7edc\u5173\u952e\u8282\u70b9\u6216\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4f18\u5316\u8d44\u6e90\u914d\u7f6e\u6548\u7387\u3002\u5c40\u90e8\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u533a\u57df\u6216\u5b50\u7fa4\u4f53\u5b9e\u65bd\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u5c40\u90e8\u63aa\u65bd\u5bf9\u63d0\u5347\u75be\u75c5\u7ba1\u7406\u6548\u80fd\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5171\u540c\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u7ba1\u7406\u89c4\u5219\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u7684\u591a\u5c42\u6b21\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u52a9\u529b\u5b9e\u73b0\u7cbe\u51c6\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u4e14\u8d44\u6e90\u8282\u7ea6\u7684\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u5e72\u9884\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5f3a\u5316\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u9632\u63a7\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u540e\u7eed\u7ae0\u8282\u5c06\u9010\u9879\u5256\u6790\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u9610\u660e\u5176\u5728\u75ab\u60c5\u9632\u63a7\u4e2d\u7684\u539f\u7406\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

2.2.1 \u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u89c4\u5219\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u8282\u70b9\u4ee3\u8868\u4e2a\u4f53\u6216\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u8fb9\u5219\u4ee3\u8868\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u89c4\u5219\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5747\u5300\u8fde\u63a5\u5ea6\uff08\u8282\u70b9\u5ea6\uff09\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u4f20\u64ad\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e3a\u5206\u6790\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7279\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6613\u611f-\u611f\u67d3-\u6062\u590d\uff08SIR\uff09\u6a21\u578b\u6216\u6613\u611f-\u6f5c\u4f0f-\u611f\u67d3-\u6062\u590d\uff08SEIR\uff09\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u6574\u5408\u4e86\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u6982\u7387\u3001\u5eb7\u590d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7b49\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u7cbe\u786e\u523b\u753b\u7f51\u7edc\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u673a\u5236[203,204]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u89c4\u5219\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u63a7\u75ab\u60c5\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u5206\u5e03\u6765\u904f\u5236\u4f20\u64ad\u3002\u4e0b\u6587\u5c06\u9610\u8ff0\u5728\u5e38\u89c4\u89c4\u5219\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7814\u7a76\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u5e72\u9884\u6210\u672c\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u8d8b\u8fd1\u4e8e\u671f\u671b\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u51fd\u6570\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f8\u4e92\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4e4b\u95f4\u5bfb\u6c42\u5e73\u8861\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u63a8\u79fb\u4f7f\u611f\u67d3\u5206\u5e03\u9010\u6b65\u63a5\u8fd1\u76ee\u6807\u72b6\u6001\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u5c06\u9632\u63a7\u63aa\u65bd\u7684\u6210\u672c\u964d\u81f3\u6700\u4f4e[205]\u3002\u76ee\u6807\u6cdb\u51fd\u5b9a\u4e49\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n
<\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u8868\u793a\u8282\u70b9i\u5728t\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u611f\u67d3\u4e2a\u4f53\u6570\u91cf\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4e3a\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u611f\u67d3\u4eba\u6570\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u4ee3\u8868\u8282\u70b9i\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u975e\u8d1f\u6743\u91cd\u7cfb\u6570a\u548cb\u5206\u522b\u8c03\u63a7\u4e24\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\uff1a\u524d\u8005\u5bf9\u5e94\u611f\u67d3\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u504f\u5dee\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5bf9\u5e94\u63a7\u5236\u63aa\u65bd\u7684\u6210\u672c\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4f18\u5316\u3002\u8282\u70b9\u603b\u6570N\u4f53\u73b0\u7f51\u7edc\u6574\u4f53\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u79ef\u5206\u4ecet=0\u5230t=T\u7d2f\u8ba1\u4e86\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565\u5728\u65f6\u6bb5T\u5185\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8be5\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u9700\u5bfb\u627e\u4f7f\u76ee\u6807\u51fd\u6570<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565<\/span><\/span><\/span> \uff0c\u9700\u540c\u65f6\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a\u65e2\u8981\u7b26\u5408\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u53c8\u53d7\u9650\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u63aa\u65bd\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u9650\u5236\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u8868\u8ff0\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n
<\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

\u9700\u6ee1\u8db3\u7cfb\u7edf\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7ea6\u675f<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n
<\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

\u5176\u4e2d<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u548c <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4e3a\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u8282\u70b9i\u5728t\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u6613\u611f\u8005\u3001\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u53ca\u5eb7\u590d\u8005\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f <\/span>\u4e0e<\/span><\/span>\u8868\u5f81\u7f51\u7edc\u6269\u6563\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4e3a\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u6570\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u662f\u62c9\u666e\u62c9\u65af\u77e9\u9635L\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u51fd\u6570 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4e3a\u53cd\u5e94\u9879\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u8282\u70b9i\u5185\u6613\u611f\u8005\u3001\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u53ca\u5eb7\u590d\u8005\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u52a8\u6001\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570\u591a\u57fa\u4e8e\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u673a\u5236\u4e0e\u9632\u63a7\u63aa\u65bd\u6548\u679c\u3002\u63a7\u5236\u53d8\u91cf <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u987b\u9650\u5b9a\u4e8e\u53ef\u884c\u63a7\u5236\u96c6 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n
<\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

\u65b9\u7a0b\uff0814\uff09-\uff0816\uff09\u5171\u540c\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u77f3\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6c42\u89e3\u8be5\u65b9\u7a0b\u7ec4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u6709\u6548\u9632\u63a7\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u3002\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u6cdb\u51fdJ\u53ef\u4f9d\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u573a\u666f\u7075\u6d3b\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u65e2\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u611f\u67d3\u4eba\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u63a7\u5236\u75ab\u60c5\u5cf0\u503c\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6210\u672c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5206\u4e3a\u836f\u7269\u5e72\u9884\u4e0e\u975e\u836f\u7269\u5e72\u9884\u4e24\u7c7b\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u5747\u4e3a\u75ab\u60c5\u9632\u63a7\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u75ab\u82d7\u63a5\u79cd\u548c\u6cbb\u7597\u7b49\u836f\u7269\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u51cf\u5c11\u75ab\u60c5\u4e2d\u7684\u6613\u611f\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e0e\u611f\u67d3\u4eba\u7fa4\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u90e8\u7f72\u8fd9\u7c7b\u63aa\u65bd\u53ef\u663e\u8457\u6539\u53d8\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u6001\u52bf[206\u2013209]\u3002\u4ee5Towers\u56e2\u961f\u7814\u7a76\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u793e\u4ea4\u63a5\u89e6\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f1a\u663e\u8457\u5f71\u54cd\u9632\u63a7\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u6d41\u611f\u7b49\u75be\u75c5\u4e2d\u5c24\u4e3a\u660e\u663e\u3002\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u8bc1\u5b9e\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u8001\u5e74\u7fa4\u4f53\u7b49\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\u4eba\u7fa4\u7cbe\u51c6\u6295\u653e\u75ab\u82d7\u4e0e\u6cbb\u7597\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u53ef\u4f7f\u9632\u63a7\u6548\u80fd\u500d\u589e[206]\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0cMehdaoui\u56e2\u961f\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u5305\u542b\u5f02\u8d28\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u53d1\u75c5\u7387\u7684\u591a\u7fa4\u4f53\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563SIR\u6a21\u578b[210]\u3002\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u65e2\u8003\u91cf\u4e9a\u7fa4\u4f53\u95f4\u4f20\u64ad\u52a8\u529b\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u53c8\u4e3a\u6613\u611f\u8005\u5f00\u8f9f\u75ab\u82d7\u63a5\u79cd\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u4e3a\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u8bbe\u8ba1\u591a\u6837\u5316\u6cbb\u7597\u901a\u9053\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4e25\u683c\u6570\u5b66\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u56fa\u5b9a\u63a7\u5236\u63aa\u65bd\u4e0b\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u53ef\u884c\u89e3\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u6027\u4e0e\u552f\u4e00\u6027\u3002\u4eff\u771f\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u7fa4\u4f53\u7279\u5f81\u4f18\u5316\u914d\u7f6e\u836f\u7269\u5e72\u9884\u8d44\u6e90\u2014\u2014\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4f9d\u636e\u4f20\u64ad\u6591\u56fe\u7cbe\u51c6\u8c03\u914d\u2014\u2014\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u6539\u53d8\u75be\u75c5\u6269\u6563\u8f68\u8ff9\uff0c\u51f8\u663e\u8d44\u6e90\u5b9a\u5411\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u6218\u7565\u610f\u4e49\uff08\u56fe10\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5728\u836f\u7269\u5e72\u9884\u624b\u6bb5\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6216\u6709\u9650\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u975e\u836f\u7269\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\uff08\u5982\u9694\u79bb\u3001\u793e\u4ea4\u8ddd\u79bb\u548c\u68c0\u75ab\uff09\u5f80\u5f80\u8d77\u5230\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\u3002Perkins\u7b49\u4eba\u5206\u6790\u4e86COVID-19\u75ab\u60c5\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u8ddd\u79bb\u7b49\u975e\u836f\u7269\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u904f\u5236\u75ab\u60c5\u66b4\u53d1\u65b9\u9762\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u6548[211]\u3002\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u9879\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0cChang\u7b49\u4eba\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6591\u56fe\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u79fb\u9664\uff08\u5eb7\u590d\u6216\u9694\u79bb\uff09\u7387(\u03b3)\u4f5c\u4e3a\u63a7\u5236\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684NSPA\uff08\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u4e25\u91cd\u6d41\u884c\u533a\u57df\uff09\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8fbe\u5230\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u9632\u63a7\u7684\u76ee\u7684[143]\u3002\u6570\u503c\u4eff\u771f\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e86\u8be5\u63a7\u5236\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u6548\u679c\u3001\u7cbe\u51c6\u5ea6\u548c\u6210\u672c\u6548\u76ca\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002\u5982\u56fe11(a)\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u9ad8\u4f20\u64ad\u7387(\u03b2)\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f02\u8d28\u5316\u5730\u8c03\u6574\u79fb\u9664\u7387(\u03b3)\u80fd\u591f\u663e\u8457\u964d\u4f4e\u611f\u67d3\u4eba\u7fa4\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u5e03\u7684NSPA\u3002\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5206\u6790\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u6cdb\u51fd\u503c\u968f\u8fed\u4ee3\u65f6\u95f4\u9010\u6e10\u8d8b\u8fd1\u4e8e\u96f6\uff08\u56fe11(b)\uff09\uff0c\u8be5\u73b0\u8c61\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u9884\u5b9a\u63a7\u5236\u76ee\u6807\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u964d\u4f4e\u611f\u67d3\u4eba\u6570\uff09\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bef\u5dee\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u9010\u6e10\u964d\u4f4e\u81f3\u96f6\uff08\u56fe11(c)\uff09\uff0c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e86\u6570\u503c\u4eff\u771f\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u652f\u6301\u4e86\u8be5\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u4e0e\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

2.2.2 \u7a00\u758f\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u7a00\u758f\u63a7\u5236\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6218\u7565\u6027\u7684\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u63a7\u5236\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u6027\u548c\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5728\u663e\u8457\u51cf\u5c11\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u5e72\u9884\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bc6\u522b\u5e76\u9488\u5bf9\u5728\u4eba\u7fa4\u6216\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5bf9\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u6700\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u3001\u5730\u70b9\u6216\u8fde\u63a5\u8fdb\u884c\u63a7\u5236[212,213]\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u96c6\u4e2d\u8d44\u6e90\u5e72\u9884\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9ad8\u5f71\u54cd\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u7a00\u758f\u63a7\u5236\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u8986\u76d6\u6574\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u4ee5\u66f4\u5c11\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u6709\u6548\u904f\u5236\u611f\u67d3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e0e\u8986\u76d6\u5168\u4eba\u7fa4\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u96c6\u4e2d\u8d44\u6e90\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u9ad8\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u80fd\u4ee5\u66f4\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u6709\u6548\u904f\u5236\u75ab\u60c5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u8d44\u6e90\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5168\u57df\u7edf\u4e00\u9632\u63a7\u96be\u4ee5\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u9ad8\u4f20\u67d3\u6027\u75be\u75c5\u66b4\u53d1\u65f6\uff0c\u4f18\u5148\u4e3a\u63a5\u89e6\u9891\u7e41\u8005\u6216\u5bc6\u96c6\u533a\u4eba\u7fa4\u63a5\u79cd\u9694\u79bb\uff0c\u6548\u679c\u8fdc\u80dc\u5168\u6c11\u9632\u63a7\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u9501\u5b9a\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u7a00\u758f\u63a7\u5236\u53ef\u9ad8\u6548\u65a9\u65ad\u4f20\u64ad\u94fe\uff0c\u5176\u6548\u7387\u8fdc\u8d85\u5168\u6c11\u63a5\u79cd\u9694\u79bb\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/section>\n

\u56fe10. (a)\u672a\u63a5\u79cd\u75ab\u82d7\u4e0e\u672a\u6cbb\u7597\u611f\u67d3\u4e9a\u7fa4\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u5e03\u3002(b1)-(b3)\u4e0d\u540c\u63a5\u79cd\u6cbb\u7597\u7b56\u7565\u4e0b\u611f\u67d3\u4e9a\u7ec4\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u5e03\u3002(c1)-(c3)\u63a5\u79cd\u6cbb\u7597\u534f\u540c\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u7b56\u7565\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u5e03\u3002(b1)(c1)\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e9a\u7fa4\u6700\u5927\u5141\u8bb8\u63a5\u79cd\u7387\u4e0e\u6cbb\u7597\u7387\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e9a\u7fa4\u76f8\u540c\u3002(b2)(c2)\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e9a\u7fa4\u6700\u5927\u5141\u8bb8\u63a5\u79cd\u7387\u4e0e\u6cbb\u7597\u7387\u9ad8\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e9a\u7fa4\u3002(b3)(c3)\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e9a\u7fa4\u6700\u5927\u5141\u8bb8\u63a5\u79cd\u7387\u4e0e\u6cbb\u7597\u7387\u4f4e\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e9a\u7fa4\u3002\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u6539\u7f16\u81ea\u6587\u732e[210]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u63a7\u5236\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574\u76ee\u6807\u51fd\u6570\u5f15\u5165\u7a00\u758f\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u5728\u964d\u4f4e\u63a7\u5236\u6210\u672c\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u6291\u5236\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u3002\u4e24\u79cd\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7a00\u758f\u6027\u7684\u8303\u6570\u662f\uff1a <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u8303\u6570\u4e0e <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u8303\u6570[214\u2013219]\u3002 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u8303\u6570\u7edf\u8ba1\u63a7\u5236\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u975e\u96f6\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u9650\u5236\u8fc7\u591a\u5e72\u9884\u5b9e\u73b0\u7a00\u758f\u6027\u3002\u542b <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u8303\u6570\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u51fd\u6570\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b[214]\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n
<\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

\u5176\u4e2d <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u8868\u793a\u63a7\u5236\u5411\u91cf <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u7684 <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u8303\u6570\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4e3a\u6743\u91cd\u56e0\u5b50\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5e73\u8861\u63a7\u5236\u63aa\u65bd\u7a00\u758f\u6027\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807\u6cdb\u51fd\u4e2d\u5176\u4ed6\u9879\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u662f\u5c06\u63a7\u5236\u8f93\u5165\u7684 <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u8303\u6570\u7eb3\u5165\u76ee\u6807\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5176\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e3a[218]\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n
<\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

\u6b64\u65f6\u7528\u63a7\u5236\u8f93\u5165\u7684 <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u8303\u6570 <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u66ff\u6362\u7a00\u758f\u6027\u4fc3\u8fdb\u9879\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u8303\u6570\u901a\u8fc7\u4fc3\u4f7f\u63a7\u5236\u8f93\u5165\u5e45\u503c\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u4fdd\u6301\u8f83\u5c0f\u6765\u589e\u5f3a\u7a00\u758f\u6027\u3002\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u8303\u6570\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u8303\u6570\u5141\u8bb8\u8fde\u7eed\u677e\u5f1b\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u66f4\u6613\u6c42\u89e3\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u65e2\u4fdd\u6301\u4e86\u7a00\u758f\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u53c8\u901a\u8fc7\u5e73\u6ed1\u4f18\u5316\u66f2\u9762\u5e76\u7b80\u5316\u6c42\u89e3\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5e26\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u53c2\u6570 <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u540c\u6837\u7528\u4e8e\u5e73\u8861\u7a00\u758f\u9879\u4e0e\u8f68\u8ff9\u8ddf\u8e2a\u9879\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u80fd\u8017\u9879\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/section>\n

\u56fe11\u3002\uff08a\uff09\u5b9e\u65bd\u63a7\u5236\u540e\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u4e25\u91cd\u6d41\u884c\u533a\u57df\uff08NSPA\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u63a7\u5236\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u63a7\u5236\u53d8\u91cf\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u79ef\u5206\u5747\u503c\u3002\u6a2a\u8f74\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u540c\u4f20\u64ad\u7387\u4e0b\u611f\u67d3\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5de6\u7eb5\u8f74\u663e\u793a\u63a7\u5236\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u79ef\u5206\u5747\u503c\uff08\u5e26\u65b9\u6846\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u9ed1\u7ebf\uff09\uff0c\u53f3\u7eb5\u8f74\u6807\u793aNSPA\u6570\u503c\uff08\u5e26\u4e09\u89d2\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u7ea2\u7ebf\uff09\u3002\uff08b\uff09\u4e0e\uff08c\uff09\u5c55\u793a\u63a7\u5236\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u76ee\u6807\u51fd\u6570\u503c\u53ca\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bef\u5dee\u968f\u8fed\u4ee3\u6b21\u6570\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5404\u8272\u865a\u7ebf\u4ee3\u8868\u4e0d\u540c\u76ee\u6807\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u6539\u7f16\u81ea\u6587\u732e[143]\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76ee\u6807\u51fd\u6570\u65e8\u5728\u5e73\u8861\u4e09\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u76ee\u6807\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u8f68\u8ff9\u8ffd\u8e2a\u2014\u2014\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u5b9e\u9645\u611f\u67d3\u6c34\u5e73 <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u4e0e\u76ee\u6807\u6c34\u5e73 <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u7684\u504f\u5dee\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u63a7\u5236\u6210\u672c\u4f18\u5316\u2014\u2014\u964d\u4f4e\u9632\u63a7\u63aa\u65bd <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4e0e\u8d44\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\uff1b\uff083\uff09\u7a00\u758f\u6027\u4fc3\u8fdb\u2014\u2014\u9650\u5236\u5e72\u9884\u8303\u56f4\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u8d44\u6e90\u6548\u7387\u3002\u9009\u62e9 <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u8303\u6570\u6216 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u8303\u6570\u89c6\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u800c\u5b9a\uff1a <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u8303\u6570\u901a\u8fc7\u4e25\u683c\u9650\u5236\u975e\u96f6\u63a7\u5236\u9879\u5b9e\u73b0\u7cbe\u51c6\u7a00\u758f\uff0c <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u8303\u6570\u5219\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u63a7\u53d8\u91cf\u5e45\u503c\u6784\u5efa\u4fbf\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7075\u6d3b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4f7f\u7a00\u758f\u63a7\u5236\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u591a\u79cd\u75ab\u60c5\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u5728\u904f\u5236\u75be\u75c5\u6269\u6563\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d44\u6e90\u5229\u7528\u6700\u4f18\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6700\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u7a00\u758f\u63a7\u5236\u5728\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u9632\u63a7\u4e2d\u6210\u6548\u663e\u8457\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cChang\u7b49\u4eba[81]\u57fa\u4e8eSIR\uff08\u6613\u611f-\u611f\u67d3-\u5eb7\u590d\uff09\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u6a21\u578b\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u7a00\u758f\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u5165\u7a00\u758f\u4fc3\u8fdb\u9879\u7cbe\u51c6\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5173\u952e\u533a\u57df\u4e0e\u4eba\u7fa4\u3002\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u7cbe\u7b80\u63a7\u5236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4ecd\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u904f\u5236\u75ab\u60c5\u4f20\u64ad\u3002\u56fe12\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bef\u5dee\u968f\u7a00\u758f\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5347\u800c\u9012\u589e\uff08\u56fe12(c)\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u6574\u4f53\u8bef\u5dee\u59cb\u7ec8\u7ef4\u6301\u5728\u8f83\u4f4e\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u8bc1\u5b9e\u7a00\u758f\u63a7\u5236\u65e2\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u9632\u63a7\u6548\u529b\uff0c\u53c8\u53ef\u5927\u5e45\u524a\u51cf\u6210\u672c\uff08\u56fe12(b)\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3a\u4f18\u5316\u9632\u75ab\u7b56\u7565\u2014\u2014\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u8d44\u6e90\u53d7\u9650\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u2014\u2014\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86\u65b0\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u603b\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7a00\u758f\u63a7\u5236\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u9632\u63a7\u7684\u5229\u5668\u3002\u5b83\u7279\u522b\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u5316\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7cbe\u51c6\u65bd\u7b56\uff0c\u80fd\u4ee5\u6700\u5c11\u8d44\u6e90\u5207\u65ad\u4f20\u64ad\u94fe\u6761\u3002\u672a\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u9700\u6301\u7eed\u63a2\u5bfb\u63a7\u5236\u7cbe\u5ea6\u4e0e\u8d44\u6e90\u6295\u5165\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u70b9\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u65b0\u578b\u75c5\u539f\u4f53\u6d8c\u73b0\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u65e5\u8d8b\u590d\u6742\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

2.2.3 \u5c40\u90e8\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u5c40\u90e8\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565\u57fa\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u5404\u533a\u57df\u5bf9\u75ab\u60c5\u4f20\u64ad\u8d21\u732e\u4e0d\u5747\u7684\u539f\u7406\u3002\u5728\u89c4\u5219\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5404\u8282\u70b9\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u53ef\u80fd\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u540c\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u533a\u57df\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u4ecd\u4f1a\u56e0\u75ab\u60c5\u521d\u59cb\u6761\u4ef6\u3001\u6613\u611f\u8005\u4e0e\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u5e03\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u4ea7\u751f\u663e\u8457\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u5c06\u8d44\u6e90\uff08\u5982\u75ab\u82d7\u63a5\u79cd\u3001\u6cbb\u7597\u6216\u9694\u79bb\u63aa\u65bd\uff09\u96c6\u4e2d\u6295\u653e\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u5173\u952e\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u53ef\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u6291\u5236\u75be\u75c5\u6574\u4f53\u4f20\u64ad[220]\u3002\u75ab\u60c5\u9632\u63a7\u4e2d\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565\u4e3b\u8981\u4f53\u73b0\u4e8e\u4e09\u5927\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u4eba\u7fa4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4f7f\u8d44\u6e90\u80fd\u7cbe\u51c6\u6295\u653e\u81f3\u6700\u9700\u8981\u7684\u533a\u57df\u3001\u65f6\u6bb5\u6216\u4eba\u7fa4\u5b50\u96c6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u5347\u9632\u63a7\u6548\u7387\u4e0e\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f20\u64ad\u7f51\u7edc\u88ab\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u6216\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5bf9\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\u5730\u533a\u53ca\u75ab\u60c5\u5feb\u901f\u6269\u6563\u533a\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e25\u683c\u7ba1\u63a7\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u63aa\u65bd\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u91cd\u70b9\u533a\u57df\u5f3a\u5316\u75ab\u82d7\u63a5\u79cd\u3001\u52a0\u5f3a\u9694\u79bb\u63aa\u65bd\u3001\u63d0\u9ad8\u6cbb\u7597\u7387\u3002\u65f6\u95f4\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5219\u5173\u6ce8\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u52a8\u6001\uff0c\u5728\u75ab\u60c5\u521d\u671f\u6216\u9ad8\u5cf0\u671f\u7b49\u5173\u952e\u65f6\u6bb5\u96c6\u4e2d\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5728\u4f4e\u4f20\u64ad\u671f\u5219\u51cf\u5c11\u5e72\u9884\u529b\u5ea6\u3002\u4eba\u7fa4\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5c06\u5c45\u6c11\u5206\u4e3a\u6613\u611f\u8005\u3001\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u3001\u5eb7\u590d\u8005\u7b49\u5b50\u96c6\uff0c\u5bf9\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\u7fa4\u4f53\u5b9e\u65bd\u5b9a\u5411\u5e72\u9884\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4f18\u5148\u4e3a\u6613\u611f\u8005\u63a5\u79cd\u75ab\u82d7\uff0c\u6216\u5411\u91cd\u75c7\u60a3\u8005\u503e\u659c\u6cbb\u7597\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u90fd\u80fd\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u9632\u63a7\u6548\u80fd\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7edf\u7b79\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e09\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c40\u90e8\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u4e3a\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u7ba1\u7406\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7075\u6d3b\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n
<\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

\u5176\u4e2d\u96c6\u5408 <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u4ee3\u8868\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\u5b50\u96c6\u3002\u8be5\u76ee\u6807\u51fd\u6570\u4e3a\u7a7a\u95f4\u5c40\u90e8\u5316\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u8d44\u6e90\u80fd\u591f\u7cbe\u51c6\u6295\u653e\u81f3\u6700\u6025\u9700\u7684\u533a\u57df\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u660e\u786e\u7eb3\u5165\u611f\u67d3\u76ee\u6807\u4e0e\u6210\u672c\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u8be5\u516c\u5f0f\u53ef\u652f\u6301\u9ad8\u6548\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u4f7f\u9632\u75ab\u529b\u91cf\u96c6\u4e2d\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\u533a\u57df\u3002\u6b64\u673a\u5236\u5c24\u5176\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u533a\u57df\u95f4\u6613\u611f\u7a0b\u5ea6\u548c\u98ce\u9669\u7b49\u7ea7\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u65e2\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u6218\u7565\u5e03\u5c40\uff0c\u53c8\u80fd\u505a\u5230\u7cbe\u51c6\u65bd\u7b56\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/section>\n

\u56fe12. (a1)\u2013(a3) \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7a00\u758f\u5ea6\u4e0b\u63a7\u5236\u53d8\u91cf\u96f6\u503c\u7387\u5728\u5404\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u7a00\u758f\u5ea6\u4ece\u5de6\u81f3\u53f3\u9010\u6b65\u589e\u5927\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94c=0\u30010.01\u4e0e0.04\u3002(b) \u5448\u73b0\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7a00\u758f\u5ea6\u4e0b\u63a7\u5236\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u5e73\u5747\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3002(c) \u5219\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u5e03\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bef\u5dee\u968f\u7a00\u758f\u5ea6\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u6539\u7f16\u81ea\u6587\u732e[81]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u65f6\u95f4\u5c40\u90e8\u63a7\u5236\u9488\u5bf9\u52a8\u6001\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u805a\u7126\u5173\u952e\u65f6\u671f\uff08\u5982\u75ab\u60c5\u66b4\u53d1\u521d\u671f\u6216\u4f20\u64ad\u9ad8\u5cf0\u671f\uff09\u5b9e\u65bd\u5e72\u9884\u3002\u65f6\u95f4\u63a7\u5236\u76ee\u6807\u51fd\u6570\u9700\u517c\u987e\u611f\u67d3\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0e\u7279\u5b9a\u65f6\u6bb5\u9632\u63a7\u6210\u672c\u3002\u5176\u6570\u5b66\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n
<\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

\u5f0f\u4e2d,<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u8868\u793a\u5173\u952e\u65f6\u6bb5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u75ab\u60c5\u521d\u671f\u6216\u4f20\u64ad\u9ad8\u5cf0\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u65e8\u5728\u4f18\u5316\u9632\u63a7\u8d44\u6e90\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5728\u4e9f\u9700\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u96c6\u4e2d\u6295\u653e\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4ece\u4eba\u53e3\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u5c40\u90e8\u63a7\u5236\u9488\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e9a\u7ec4\uff08\u5982\u6613\u611f\u8005\u3001\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u3001\u5eb7\u590d\u8005\uff09\u5236\u5b9a\u5dee\u5f02\u5316\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u6b64\u7c7b\u76ee\u6807\u51fd\u6570\u9700\u540c\u6b65\u5448\u73b0\u4e9a\u7ec4\u611f\u67d3\u52a8\u6001\u4e0e\u9632\u63a7\u6210\u672c\u3002\u5178\u578b\u7fa4\u4f53\u76ee\u6807\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u8868\u8fbe\u4e3a\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/section>\n

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\u5176\u4e2d<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u8868\u793a\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e2d\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\u4e9a\u7fa4\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9879<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u5bf9\u5e94\u7279\u5b9a\u4e9a\u7fa4\u63a7\u5236\u63aa\u65bd\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u6210\u672c\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5411\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\u4e9a\u7fa4\u503e\u659c\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4f18\u5316\u75ab\u82d7\u63a5\u79cd\u6216\u6cbb\u7597\u7b49\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u4fdd\u62a4\u6700\u6613\u611f\u6216\u4f20\u64ad\u529b\u6700\u5f3a\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6784\u5efa\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u4eba\u7fa4\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u63a7\u5236\u76ee\u6807\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e3a\u89c4\u5219\u7f51\u7edc\u75ab\u60c5\u9632\u63a7\u5efa\u7acb\u7cfb\u7edf\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570\u80fd\u7cbe\u51c6\u91cf\u5316\u7279\u5b9a\u533a\u57df\u3001\u65f6\u6bb5\u53ca\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e9a\u7ec4\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d44\u6e90\u6700\u4f18\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u7ed3\u5408\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u75ab\u60c5\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u6574\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5c40\u90e8\u7b56\u7565\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u9632\u63a7\u6548\u80fd\uff0c\u5728\u8d44\u6e90\u53d7\u9650\u6216\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u6548\u679c\u5c24\u4f73\u3002\u6700\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u7cfb\u7edf\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u5c40\u90e8\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5176\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7f51\u7edc\u75ab\u60c5\u7ba1\u63a7\u4e2d\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002Laaroussi\u56e2\u961f[221]\u9488\u5bf9\u57c3\u535a\u62c9\u75ab\u60c5\u6784\u5efa\u533a\u57df\u63a7\u5236\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u91cd\u70b9\u7ba1\u63a7\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\u5b50\u533a\u57df\u3002\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4f18\u5316\u76ee\u6807\u533a\u57df\u6cbb\u7597\u5f3a\u5ea6\u53ef\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u963b\u65ad\u4f20\u64ad\u94fe\uff0c\u904f\u5236\u8de8\u533a\u57df\u6269\u6563\uff08\u56fe13\uff09\u3002\u8be5\u56e2\u961f\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5c06\u7a7a\u95f4\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u4e0e\u4eba\u7fa4\u6d41\u52a8\u7eb3\u5165SIR\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u57fa\u4e8e\u611f\u67d3\u98ce\u9669\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u6574\u63a7\u5236\u63aa\u65bd[222]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6210\u679c\u63ed\u793a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0e\u4eba\u7fa4\u8981\u7d20\u5728\u7b56\u7565\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u65e2\u63d0\u4f9b\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u53c8\u83b7\u5f97\u5b9e\u8bc1\u652f\u6301\u3002\u7efc\u5408\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u786e\u8bc1\u89c4\u5219\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5c40\u90e8\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u66f4\u4e3a\u6574\u5408\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u4eba\u7fa4\u8981\u7d20\u63d0\u5347\u75ab\u60c5\u9632\u63a7\u63d0\u4f9b\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u77f3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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3. <\/span>\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u5316\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7a7a\u95f4\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u6591\u56fe\u52a8\u529b\u5b66 <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


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\u6839\u636e\u5bf9\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u8fb9\u7684\u754c\u5b9a\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u7c7b\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u7c7b\u5c06\u8282\u70b9\u89c6\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u4e2a\u4f53\uff0c\u8fb9\u8868\u793a\u4eba\u9645\u63a5\u89e6\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u4e92\u52a8\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7c7b\u901a\u79f0\u4e3a\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5c06\u8282\u70b9\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u8fb9\u8868\u5f81\u533a\u57df\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\uff0c\u8282\u70b9\u5185\u7684\u7269\u7406\u63a5\u89e6\u63a8\u52a8\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u8fb9\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e2a\u4f53\u8de8\u533a\u57df\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u75c5\u539f\u4f53\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u6269\u6563\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u7740\u91cd\u63a2\u8ba8\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u9610\u660e\u5176\u8fd0\u884c\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5e76\u5256\u6790\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u7c7b\u73b0\u8c61\u2014\u2014\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u5e03\u6591\u56fe\u7684\u751f\u6210\u673a\u7406\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

3.1 \u9ad8\u9636\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u6591\u56fe\u52a8\u529b\u5b66 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u6309\u7ed3\u6784\u5c42\u6b21\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u5355\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0e\u591a\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u4e0b\u6587\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7\u75ab\u60c5\u4f20\u64ad\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u89e3\u6790\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u4e24\u7c7b\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u6591\u56fe\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe13. \u4e0d\u540c\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565\u4e0b\u7684\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u65f6\u7a7a\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u6bcf\u884c\u4ee3\u8868\u4e0d\u540c\u573a\u666f\u3002(a)-(d)\u9996\u884c\u663e\u793a\u65e0\u9632\u63a7\u63aa\u65bd\u65f6\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u72b6\u6001\uff1a(a)(c)\u4e2d\u75ab\u60c5\u59cb\u53d1\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u8fb9\u7f18\uff0c(b)(d)\u4e2d\u75ab\u60c5\u6e90\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002(a)(b)\u7b2c\u4e8c\u3001\u4e09\u884c\u5c55\u793a\u4e0d\u540c\u533a\u57df\u5b9e\u65bd\u9632\u63a7\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff1b(c)(d)\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\u663e\u793a\u5706\u5f62\u9632\u63a7\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u884c\u663e\u793a\u77e9\u5f62\u9632\u63a7\u533a\u57df\u3002(c)(d)\u7b2c\u4e8c\u3001\u4e09\u884c\u5747\u91c7\u7528\u75ab\u82d7\u7ed3\u5408\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u9632\u63a7\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u8272\u6761\u8868\u793a\u611f\u67d3\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u7ea2\u8272\u4ee3\u8868\u9ad8\u611f\u67d3\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u84dd\u8272\u4ee3\u8868\u4f4e\u611f\u67d3\u533a\u57df\u3002\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u5f15\u81ea\u6587\u732e[221,222]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

3.1.1 \u5355\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u6591\u56fe\u52a8\u529b\u5b66 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u63a2\u8ba8\u5355\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc (\u5373\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5982\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u65e0\u6807\u5ea6\u7f51\u7edc) \u7684\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u6591\u56fe\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u4ecb\u7ecd\u51e0\u79cd\u7ecf\u5178\u5355\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u672c\u7efc\u8ff0\u65e8\u5728\u8fbe\u6210\u4e24\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\uff1a\u65e2\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bfb\u8005\u533a\u5206\u524d\u8282\u6240\u8ff0\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0e\u672c\u8282\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u53c8\u4e3a\u540e\u7eed\u63a2\u7d22\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7279\u6027\u5960\u5b9a\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u7a7a\u95f4\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u4ea6\u662f\u672c\u8282\u7814\u7a76\u91cd\u70b9\u3002\u5728\u5355\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u4f53\u7cfb\u5185\uff08\u89c1\u56fe16[223]\uff09\uff0c\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u65e2\u5728\u8282\u70b9\u5185\u90e8\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u53c8\u6cbf\u8fde\u63a5\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8fb9\u6269\u6563\u3002\u4ee5\u75ab\u60c5\u4f20\u64ad\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff1a\u4e0d\u540c\u611f\u67d3\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u5728\u8282\u70b9\u95f4\u53d1\u751f\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5728\u8282\u70b9\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u8fb9\u8fdb\u884c\u6269\u6563\u3002\u6839\u636e\u83f2\u514b\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u4ece\u8282\u70b9i\u5230\u8282\u70b9j\u7684\u6269\u6563\u901f\u7387\u901a\u5e38\u4e0e\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\u6d53\u5ea6\u5dee\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\u3002\u9700\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u56fe16\u867d\u4ec5\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u548c\u88ab\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u5efa\u6a21\u65f6\u53ef\u62d3\u5c55\u7eb3\u5165\u66f4\u591a\u611f\u67d3\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f71\u54cd\u5355\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u52a8\u6001\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8981\u7d20\u6709\u4e8c\uff1a\u53cd\u5e94\u9879\u7279\u6027\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u805a\u7126\u53cd\u5e94\u9879\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u673a\u5236\u3002\u4e24\u7c7b\u7ecf\u5178\u53cd\u5e94\u7c7b\u578b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u56fe17\u5c55\u793a\u822a\u7a7a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u4e24\u7c7b\u53cd\u5e94\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u7a33\u6001\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u8282\u70b9\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e0e\u5176\u627f\u8f7d\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u6570\u91cf\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\u3002\u2160\u578b\u53cd\u5e94\u5448\u73b0\u5f02\u8d28\u7a33\u6001\u2014\u2014\u5404\u8282\u70b9\u53cd\u5e94\u6d3b\u8dc3\u5ea6\u4e0e\u81ea\u8eab\u4e2a\u4f53\u6570\u91cf\u6b63\u76f8\u5173\uff08\u6b64\u5173\u8054\u6e90\u81ea\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\uff09\uff1b\u2161\u578b\u53cd\u5e94\u5219\u5f62\u6210\u5747\u8d28\u7a33\u6001\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u53cd\u5e94\u6d3b\u8dc3\u5ea6\u4fdd\u6301\u6052\u5b9a\uff0c\u65e2\u4e0d\u968f\u4e2a\u4f53\u6570\u91cf\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4ea6\u4e0d\u53d7\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u56fe17(a)\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u975e\u5747\u5300\u7a33\u6001\u7684\u8fd1\u4f3c\u56fe\u7075\u6591\u56fe\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7a7a\u95f4\u5f02\u8d28\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u6e90\u4e8e\u6269\u6563\u4f5c\u7528\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5747\u5300\u7a33\u6001\u5931\u7a33\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u8be5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u56fe\u7075\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u5178\u578b\u8303\u4f8b\uff0c\u56fe\u7075\u6591\u56fe\u5728\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u517c\u5177\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u5f15\u53d1\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5173\u6ce8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u548c <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u6613\u611f\u8005\u3001\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u548c\u5eb7\u590d\u8005\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3002\u53c2\u6570<\/span><\/span><\/span> , and <\/span><\/span><\/span>  \u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u5404\u4ed3\u5ba4\u7684\u6269\u6563\u901f\u7387\u3002\u51fd\u6570 <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u548c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4e3a\u53cd\u5e94\u9879\uff0c\u4e14<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u8868\u793a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u62c9\u666e\u62c9\u65af\u77e9\u9635\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u5355\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u6613\u611f\u8005\u3001\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u4e0e\u5eb7\u590d\u8005\u5171\u4eab\u76f8\u540c\u6269\u6563\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5404\u6269\u6563\u9879\u4e2d\u7684\u62c9\u666e\u62c9\u65af\u77e9\u9635\u4fdd\u6301\u7edf\u4e00\uff0c\u5982\u65b9\u7a0b\uff0824\uff09\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe 18. (a) \u4e34\u754c\u7279\u5f81\u503c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7279\u5f81\u5411\u91cf\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5173\u8054\u7279\u6027\u3002(b) \u6d3b\u5316\u5b50\u6d53\u5ea6\u6700\u7ec8\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u56fe(a)\u6240\u793a\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u6587\u732e[57]\u6539\u7f16\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u56fe19. \u7f51\u7edc\u62c9\u666e\u62c9\u65af\u77e9\u9635\u7279\u5f81\u503c\u7684\u56fe\u7075\u5931\u7a33\u533a\u95f4\u7531<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u754c\u5b9a\u3002\u56fe(a)\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u8272\u6563\u66f2\u7ebf\uff0c\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u56fe\u7075\u5931\u7a33\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u6bd4\u56db\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u62c9\u666e\u62c9\u65af\u7279\u5f81\u503c\u5206\u5e03\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\uff1a\u5176\u4e2d\u4e24\u7ec4\u7279\u5f81\u503c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5931\u7a33\u533a\u95f4\u5185\uff08\u56fec\u3001d\uff09\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u504f\u79bb\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u7a7a\u95f4\u5f02\u8d28\u7ed3\u6784\uff1b\u53e6\u4e24\u7ec4\u7279\u5f81\u503c\u5219\u5904\u4e8e\u533a\u95f4\u4e4b\u5916\uff08\u56feb\u3001e\uff09\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u56e0\u800c\u4fdd\u6301\u5747\u5300\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u6539\u7f16\u81ea\u6587\u732e[72]\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u4ee4 <\/span>\u548c<\/span><\/span>\uff0c\u53ef\u5f97\u5e73\u8861\u70b9<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u5e73\u8861\u70b9\u9644\u8fd1\u5f15\u5165\u5fae\u5c0f\u6270\u52a8\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u4e3a<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u5c06\u5f0f(26)\u4ee3\u5165\u5f0f(25)\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9<\/span>\u548c<\/span><\/span>\u4f5c\u6cf0\u52d2\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u5f97\u5230<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u548c <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u8868\u793a\u5728\u5e73\u8861\u70b9<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u5904<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5bf9<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u548c <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7684\u504f\u5bfc\u6570\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u548c<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u8868\u793a<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5728\u5e73\u8861\u70b9 <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u5904\u5bf9 <\/span><\/span><\/span> and <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7684\u504f\u5bfc\u6570\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u6270\u52a8\u53ef\u5c55\u5f00\u4e3a<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u5176\u4e2d <\/span>\u03d5\u03b1<\/span><\/span> \u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\u5411\u91cf <\/span>\u03d5\u03b1<\/span><\/span> \u7684\u7b2ci\u4e2a\u5206\u91cf\uff0c <\/span>\u03b1<\/span><\/span> \u662f\u62c9\u666e\u62c9\u65af\u77e9\u9635L\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e <\/span>\u03d5\u03b1<\/span><\/span>\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u503c\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u5f97<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u5c06\u5f0f(28)\u4e0e\u5f0f(29)\u4ee3\u5165\u5f0f(27)\uff0c\u53ef\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa <\/span>\u03bb\u03b1<\/span><\/span> \u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u5316\u589e\u957f\u56e0\u5b50\u65b9\u7a0b\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u03bb\u03b1<\/span><\/span> \u7684\u7279\u5f81\u65b9\u7a0b\u53ef\u8868\u793a\u4e3a<\/span><\/p>\n

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\uff0831\uff09\u5f0f\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u89e3\u4e3a\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u6839\u636e\u56fe\u7075\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5728\u65e0\u6269\u6563\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u6270\u52a8\u5fc5\u987b\u8870\u51cf\u81f3\u96f6\u3002\u8fd9\u8981\u6c42\u6ee1\u8db3\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u901a\u8fc7\u9002\u5f53\u8c03\u6574\u6a21\u578b\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b58\u5728\u6269\u6563\u7684\u56fe\u7075\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c<\/span>\u589e\u957f\u56e0\u5b50\u5b9e\u90e8\u987b\u6ee1\u8db3<\/span>\"image.png\"<\/span><\/sub>\u3002\u5047\u8bbe <\/span>\"image.png\"<\/span><\/sub> \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d P(0)<0 \uff08\u5bf9\u5e94\u65e0\u6269\u6563\u65f6\u7684\u56fe\u7075\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\uff09\uff0c\u4e14<\/span>\"image.png\"<\/span><\/sub> \uff08\u56e0 \u03c3 \u4e3a\u6b63\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u62c9\u666e\u62c9\u65af\u77e9\u9635\u7279\u5f81\u503c\u4e3a\u8d1f\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ec5<\/span>\"image.png\"<\/span><\/sub> \u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u6b63\u5b9e\u90e8\u3002\u8981\u4f7f <\/span>\"image.png\"<\/span><\/sub> \uff0c\u987b\u6ee1\u8db3 <\/span>\"image.png\"<\/span><\/sub>\uff0c\u5373<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u89e3\u65b9\u7a0b <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u5f97\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u7531\u4e8e <\/span>\u4e0e<\/span><\/span>\u5747\u4e3a\u6b63\u6570\uff0c <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u4f5c\u4e3a\u5173\u4e8e <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u7684\u4e8c\u6b21\u51fd\u6570\u5f00\u53e3\u5411\u4e0a\u3002\u5f53 <\/span>\u5904\u4e8e<\/span><\/span> \u533a\u95f4\u65f6\uff0c <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u3002\u82e5\u62c9\u666e\u62c9\u65af\u77e9\u9635\u7279\u5f81\u503c\u5728\u6b64\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u5373\u6ee1\u8db3\u56fe\u7075\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u7406\u8bba\u652f\u6491\u3002\u5728\u5355\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u7a7a\u95f4\u75be\u75c5\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u5747\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u7a81\u7834\u3002\u5728\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u89e3\u6790\u75be\u75c5\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u53ef\u589e\u5f3a\u75ab\u60c5\u9884\u6d4b\u80fd\u529b\u5e76\u4f18\u5316\u5e94\u5bf9\u7b56\u7565[226]\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u6784\u5efa\u5355\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6a21\u62df\u4e0d\u540c\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5236\u5b9a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u6b64\u7c7b\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u7cbe\u51c6\u9501\u5b9a\u5173\u952e\u67a2\u7ebd\u4e0e\u4f20\u64ad\u5eca\u9053\uff0c\u4e3a\u904f\u5236\u75ab\u60c5\u6269\u6563\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u6491\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u75be\u75c5\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u539f\u7406\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u4f18\u5316\u4fe1\u606f\u6269\u6563\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u5347\u4f20\u64ad\u901f\u5ea6\u4e0e\u5e7f\u5ea6\u6765\u589e\u5f3a\u4fe1\u606f\u6e17\u900f\u529b[227]\u3002\u89e3\u6790\u5355\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u6269\u6563\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u8bc6\u522b\u5173\u952e\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5b9e\u65bd\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u4f20\u64ad\u7b56\u7565\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u8f90\u5c04\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u638c\u63e1\u6b64\u7c7b\u52a8\u6001\u673a\u5236\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u5e94\u5bf9\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u6291\u5236\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0e\u8c23\u8a00\u7684\u8513\u5ef6[228]\u3002\u63a2\u7a76\u5355\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u6591\u56fe\u65e2\u80fd\u660e\u6670\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u5bfc\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u53c8\u53ef\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6613\u611f\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u4e3a\u7cbe\u51c6\u5316\u9632\u63a7\u63aa\u65bd\u7684\u5236\u5b9a\u63d0\u4f9b\u79d1\u5b66\u652f\u6491\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5355\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7a7a\u95f4\u75be\u75c5\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u6591\u56fe\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u62d3\u5c55\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u66f4\u8d4b\u4e88\u8de8\u9886\u57df\u5b9e\u8df5\u4ee5\u91cd\u8981\u7406\u8bba\u6307\u5f15\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c55\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u5728\u75be\u75c5\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u67a2\u7ebd\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e3a\u9884\u5224\u548c\u8c03\u63a7\u4e92\u8054\u4eba\u7fa4\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u6001\u52bf\u5f00\u521b\u4e86\u5168\u65b0\u8303\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

3.1.2 \u591a\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6591\u56fe\u52a8\u529b\u5b66<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u533a\u5206\u591a\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0e\u5355\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u5e76\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u72ec\u6709\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u672c\u5c0f\u8282\u9996\u5148\u9610\u91ca\u591a\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u591a\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u5c42\u7ea7\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u6bcf\u5c42\u4ee3\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u95f4\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4ee5\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e00\u5c42\u53ef\u8868\u793a\u53cb\u8c0a\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u5c42\u53ef\u8868\u793a\u804c\u4e1a\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5404\u5c42\u8282\u70b9\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u4f46\u8fde\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u76f8\u8f83\u5355\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u8be5\u7ed3\u6784\u80fd\u66f4\u7ec6\u81f4\u5b8c\u6574\u5730\u5448\u73b0\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u5907\u53d7\u5b66\u754c\u5173\u6ce8\uff3b34\uff3d\u3002\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u5355\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u591a\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u6355\u6349\u5f02\u8d28\u8282\u70b9\u95f4\u7684\u591a\u5143\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u66f4\u5b8c\u6574\u5c55\u73b0\u7cfb\u7edf\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8bc1\u5b9e\uff0c\u7ef4\u6301\u6574\u4f53\u529f\u80fd\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u591a\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u8fdc\u5c11\u4e8e\u5355\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\uff3b229\uff3d\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u591a\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u5bf9\u968f\u673a\u6545\u969c\u7684\u8010\u53d7\u80fd\u529b\u66f4\u5f3a\uff3b230\uff3d\uff0c\u5176\u9c81\u68d2\u6027\u5dee\u5f02\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u91cf\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u7cbe\u786e\u6d4b\u5b9a\uff3b231\uff3d\u3002\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u9762\u5bf9\u7a81\u53d1\u6270\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u591a\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u5177\u5907\u66f4\u4f18\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u4e0e\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u66f4\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8868\u5f81\u4e0e\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/span>
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\u591a\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6591\u56fe\u5f62\u6210\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u690d\u6839\u4e8e\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u7d27\u5bc6\u5173\u8054(\u89c1\u56fe20)\u3002(\u7531\u4e8e\u5b57\u6570\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u9690\u85cf\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u5728\u539f\u6587\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u770b\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe20. \u591a\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u3002\u5404\u5c42\u8282\u70b9\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u5404\u5f02\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u7ea7\u4e2d\u4ee3\u8868\u540c\u4e00\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u865a\u7ebf\u76f8\u8fde\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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3.2 \u9ad8\u9636\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u6591\u56fe\u52a8\u529b\u5b66 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u5927\u91cf\u73b0\u5b9e\u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6d89\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u79d1\u7814\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\uff09\u5305\u542b\u7fa4\u4f53\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5373\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e24\u4eba\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u9636\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b\u5374\u5e38\u5e38\u5c06\u6b64\u7c7b\u7fa4\u4f53\u5173\u7cfb\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u4e8c\u5143\u4e92\u52a8\u3002\u5982\u56fe25\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u9636\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u8282\u70b9a\u3001b\u4e0ec\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u5173\u7cfb{a,b,c}\u4f1a\u88ab\u62c6\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e8c\u5143\u4e92\u52a8\uff1a{a,b}\u3001{a,c}\u548c{b,c}\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7fa4\u4f53\u6574\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4e27\u5931\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u9ad8\u9636\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b\u5b8c\u6574\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e92\u52a8{a,b,c}\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u7cbe\u51c6\u5730\u523b\u753b\u5176\u4e2d\u590d\u6742\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/section>\n

\u56fe25\uff0e \u9ad8\u9636\u7f51\u7edc\u4e3a\u6355\u6349\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u590d\u6742\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\u636e\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6709\u529b\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u5728\u5206\u6790\u5b9e\u8bc1\u89c2\u6d4b\u5173\u7cfb\u65f6\uff08\u5982\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5408\u8457\u7f51\u7edc\uff09\uff0c\u5e38\u89c4\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u4ea4\u4e92\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u6210\u5bf9\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4ee5\u56fe\u7ed3\u6784\u5448\u73b0\uff08\u5de6\u4e0b\uff09\u3002\u66f4\u4f18\u89e3\u6cd5\u5219\u4fdd\u7559\u9ad8\u9636\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8d85\u56fe\u6216\u5355\u7eaf\u590d\u5f62\u5efa\u6a21\uff08\u53f3\u4e0b\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u501f\u52a9\u6982\u7387\u6a21\u578b\u6df1\u5165\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u7cbe\u51c6\u6355\u6349\u6570\u636e\u5e95\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u6539\u7f16\u81ea\u6587\u732e\uff3b248\uff3d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9ad8\u9636\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5f15\u5165\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u7ed9\u6570\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u548c\u6570\u503c\u6a21\u62df\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u53cc\u91cd\u6311\u6218\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5f00\u53d1\u65b0\u578b\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u578b\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u5177\u2014\u2014\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u793e\u533a\u68c0\u6d4b[259]\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u2014\u2014\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u4e00\u9636\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u9ad8\u9636\u7f51\u7edc\u5177\u5907\u4e09\u5927\u4f18\u52bf\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u80fd\u66f4\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u8868\u5f81\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u591a\u4f53\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u73b0\u8c61\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u53ef\u63ed\u793a\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e0e\u590d\u6742\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6d8c\u73b0\u6027\u540c\u6b65\u6216\u4f20\u64ad\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u8dc3\u53d8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\u5728\u4e00\u9636\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u96be\u4ee5\u6355\u6349\uff1b\uff083\uff09\u62e5\u6709\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u80fd\u8bc6\u522b\u590d\u6742\u6a21\u5f0f\u95f4\u7ec6\u5fae\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5dee\u5f02\u5728\u4e00\u9636\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u5e38\u88ab\u8fc7\u5ea6\u7b80\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9ad8\u9636\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4f34\u968f\u53cc\u91cd\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a(1) \u6570\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u6570\u503c\u6a21\u62df\u96be\u5ea6\u663e\u8457\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u56e0\u4ea4\u4e92\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6570\u91cf\u6301\u7eed\u589e\u957f\u3002(2) \u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u4e0e\u5904\u7406\u8981\u6c42\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u56e0\u9ad8\u9636\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u9700\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u591a\u4f53\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u5e38\u96be\u83b7\u53d6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u603b\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9ad8\u9636\u7f51\u7edc\u867d\u4e3a\u523b\u753b\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ca\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u63d0\u4f9b\u5229\u5668\uff0c\u5176\u589e\u5f3a\u7684\u8868\u5f81\u80fd\u529b\u4e0e\u65b0\u589e\u8ba1\u7b97\u6210\u672c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u4ecd\u9700\u5728\u5177\u4f53\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u5ba1\u614e\u8003\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u9ad8\u9636\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u5355\u7eaf\u590d\u5f62\u548c\u8d85\u56fe\u6784\u6210\uff08\u56fe26\uff09\u3002\u5728\u5355\u7eaf\u590d\u5f62\u4e2d\uff0c\u9ad8\u9636\u7ed3\u6784\u5177\u6709\u5411\u4e0b\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\uff1a\u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u9ad8\u9636\u8fb9{a,b,c}\uff0c\u5219\u5176\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u8fb9\u2014\u2014{a,b}\u3001{a,c}\u4e0e{b,c}\u2014\u2014\u5fc5\u7136\u5305\u542b\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u8d85\u56fe\u5219\u65e0\u6b64\u9650\u5236\uff1a\u9ad8\u9636\u8fb9{a,b,c}\u7684\u5b50\u8fb9\u53ef\u6709\u53ef\u65e0\u3002\u5982\u56fe26\u6240\u793a\uff0cBattiston\u7b49\u4eba\u57282020\u5e74\u7efc\u8ff0[42]\u4e2d\u5b8c\u6574\u9610\u91ca\u4e86\u5355\u7eaf\u590d\u5f62\u4e0e\u8d85\u56fe\u7684\u5f02\u540c\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u9ad8\u9636\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u53c2\u9605\u6587\u732e[45,248]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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4. <\/span>\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7a7a\u95f4\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n

\u8fd1\u5341\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u56e0\u80fd\u7cbe\u51c6\u523b\u753b\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6d41\u52a8\u4e0e\u8fd0\u52a8\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u800c\u5907\u53d7\u77a9\u76ee\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8868\u5f81\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u79bb\u6563\u7279\u6027\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5951\u5408\uff0c\u5728\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u9632\u63a7\u4e2d\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u75ab\u60c5\u4f20\u64ad\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u5927\u6838\u5fc3\u8981\u7d20\uff1a\u4e2a\u4f53\u95f4\u4f20\u67d3\u4e0e\u4eba\u7fa4\u6d41\u52a8\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u4eba\u53e3\u6d41\u52a8\u4f1a\u6025\u5267\u52a0\u5267\u75ab\u60c5\u66b4\u53d1[273-275]\uff0c\u65b0\u51a0\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u4fbf\u662f\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u8bc1[275]\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u9632\u63a7\u9700\u53cc\u8f68\u5e76\u8fdb\uff1a\u65e2\u8981\u63a7\u5236\u4f20\u67d3\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u9650\u5236\u4eba\u5458\u6d41\u52a8\u3002\u6291\u5236\u4e2a\u4f53\u95f4\u4f20\u64ad\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u9760\u533a\u57df\u5185\u90e8\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u901a\u8fc7\u75ab\u82d7\u836f\u7269\u589e\u5f3a\u514d\u75ab\u529b\uff0c\u6216\u51cf\u5c11\u793e\u4ea4\u63a5\u89e6\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u9879\u4e2d\uff1b\u800c\u904f\u5236\u5168\u7403\u8513\u5ef6\u5219\u9700\u9650\u5236\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6d41\u52a8\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u5bf9\u5e94\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6269\u6563\u9879\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ece\u4e09\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u7efc\u8ff0\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c55\uff1a\u524d\u4e24\u8282\u5206\u522b\u63a2\u8ba8\u53cd\u5e94\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e0e\u6269\u6563\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u672b\u8282\u8bc4\u4f30\u7efc\u5408\u9632\u63a7\u63aa\u65bd\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u6548\u80fd\u4e0e\u62d3\u5c55\u524d\u666f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/section>\n

\u56fe28\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u968f\u673a\u8d85\u56fe\u4e2d\u9ad8\u9636\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u5bf9\u540c\u6b65\u7684\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5355\u7eaf\u590d\u5f62\u5bf9\u6b64\u7c7b\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u6291\u5236\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u56fe\u4e2d\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u968f\u673a\u8d85\u56fe\uff08\u84dd\u8272\uff09\u4e0e\u5355\u7eaf\u590d\u5f62\uff08\u7eff\u8272\uff09\u7684\u6700\u5927\u6a2a\u5411\u674e\u96c5\u666e\u8bfa\u592b\u6307\u6570<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u968f\u53c2\u6570<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u968f\u7740<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7684\u589e\u5927\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ece\u4e00\u9636\u8026\u5408<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u9010\u6e10\u8fc7\u6e21\u81f3\u4e8c\u9636\u8026\u5408(<\/span><\/span><\/span>)\u3002\u56fe\u6e90\uff1a\u6539\u7f16\u81ea\u6587\u732e[253]\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

4.1 \u53cd\u5e94\u9879\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u5728\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u611f\u67d3\u4e0e\u6062\u590d\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7279\u5f81\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u8282\u70b9\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8282\u70b9\u53ef\u8868\u5f81\u4e3a\u57ce\u5e02\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u6216\u5730\u533a\u3002\u9488\u5bf9\u6b64\u7c7b\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u9632\u63a7\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7\u4f18\u5316\u533b\u7597\u8d44\u6e90\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u5b9e\u65bd\u75ab\u82d7\u6218\u7565\u6295\u653e\u7b49\u5e72\u9884\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u611f\u67d3\u7387\u5e76\u63d0\u5347\u5eb7\u590d\u7387\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u63a7\u5236\u76ee\u6807\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u7c7b\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u5728\u9884\u8bbe\u65f6\u95f4\u8282\u70b9\u6839\u9664\u75ab\u60c5\uff0c\u6216\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u4e34\u754c\u65f6\u523b\u5b9e\u73b0\u53d7\u63a7\u6d41\u884c\u72b6\u6001\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u4f20\u64ad\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u611f\u67d3\u89c4\u6a21\u6216\u7d2f\u8ba1\u75c5\u4f8b\u6570\u3002\u524d\u8005\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u4e0b\u6587\u5c06\u7cfb\u7edf\u9610\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e24\u7c7b\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

4.1.1 \u7ec8\u7aef\u63a7\u5236 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u9632\u63a7\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ec8\u7aef\u63a7\u5236\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u75ab\u60c5\u6001\u52bf\u3002\u9488\u5bf9\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8be5\u7b56\u7565\u5e76\u4e0d\u9650\u5236\u4e2a\u4f53\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4f18\u5316\u533b\u7597\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0e\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5f15\u5bfc\u7279\u5b9a\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5982\u57ce\u5e02\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u6216\u533a\u57df\uff09\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u52a8\u6001\u5728\u9884\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u8fbe\u6210\u9884\u671f\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u4f18\u5316\u8d44\u6e90\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5b9e\u65bd\u7cbe\u51c6\u9632\u6cbb\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u4f20\u64ad\u901f\u5ea6\u4e0e\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5b9e\u73b0\u7279\u5b9a\u65f6\u70b9\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b66\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u65e0\u75c7\u72b6\u611f\u67d3\u5728\u6d41\u611f[276,277]\u548c\u65b0\u51a0\u80ba\u708e[278,279]\u75ab\u60c5\u4e2d\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u6b64\u7c7b\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u867d\u65e0\u663e\u8457\u75c7\u72b6\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u53ef\u643a\u5e26\u5e76\u4f20\u64ad\u75c5\u539f\u4f53\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u75be\u75c5\u9690\u6027\u6269\u6563\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7ec8\u7aef\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565\u65e2\u8981\u5904\u7f6e\u75c7\u72b6\u75c5\u4f8b\uff0c\u66f4\u987b\u4f18\u5148\u8bc6\u522b\u5e76\u7ba1\u7406\u65e0\u75c7\u72b6\u643a\u5e26\u8005\uff0c\u4ee5\u904f\u5236\u75ab\u60c5\u6269\u6563\u5347\u7ea7\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7edf\u7b79\u533b\u7597\u8d44\u6e90\u3001\u4f18\u5316\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u6848\u3001\u843d\u5b9e\u9884\u9632\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u8be5\u7b56\u7565\u80fd\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u964d\u4f4e\u4f20\u64ad\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u5b88\u62a4\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/section>\n

\u56fe29. (a)-(c)\u5206\u522b\u5448\u73b0ER40\u3001SF20\u548cRL24\u4e09\u79cd\u57fa\u7840\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u6fc0\u6d3b\u8282\u70b9\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5206\u5e03\uff08\u7ea2\u70b9\uff09\u968f\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15i\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u672a\u53d7\u63a7\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u4e09\u79cd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5b9e\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff08\u56fe\u4f8b\u6807\u6ce8\uff09\u3002(d)-(f)\u4fdd\u6301\u76f8\u540c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u53d7\u63a7\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5206\u5e03\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u7f51\u7edc\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807\u503c\u5b9e\u73b0\u7cbe\u51c6\u5339\u914d\u3002\u865a\u7ebf\u6307\u793a\u5e73\u8861\u6001\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u6fc0\u6d3b\u8282\u70b9\u5173\u7cfb\u5f0f<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u3002\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u6539\u7f16\u81ea\u6587\u732e[79]\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u9ad8\u7b49\u4eba\u9996\u6b21\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u6846\u67b6[79]\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u5982\u4e0b\u76ee\u6807\u6cdb\u51fd\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n
<\/section>\n

<\/span> \u5176\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/section>\n

<\/span>\u6b64\u5904\uff0c<\/span>\u548c<\/span><\/span> \u662f\u8868\u793a\u8282\u70b9i\uff08\u5176\u4e2d<\/span><\/span><\/span> \uff09\u5904\u6fc0\u6d3b\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6291\u5236\u8282\u70b9\u6d53\u5ea6\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u53d8\u91cf<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u548c <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u8282\u70b9i\u5904\u6fc0\u6d3b\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u6291\u5236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u5e38\u6570<\/span>\u3001\u3001\u548c<\/span><\/span>  \u4e3a\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0e\u63a7\u5236\u53d8\u91cf\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u7cfb\u6570\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/span>  \u548c <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u5bf9\u5e94\u65f6\u523bT\u7684\u7ec8\u6001\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u548c <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u5219\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u6001\u3002  \u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u9488\u5bf9\u76ee\u6807\u6cdb\u51fd(42)\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5316\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\uff1f\u82e5\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u8be5\u89e3\u9700\u6ee1\u8db3\u54ea\u4e9b\u6700\u4f18\u6027\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u9ad8\u7b49\u4eba\u8fd0\u7528Filippov\u2013Cesari\u5b58\u5728\u6027\u5b9a\u7406\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u6784\u9020\u4e86\u4e0e\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u95ee\u9898\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u62c9\u683c\u6717\u65e5\u6cdb\u51fd\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e00\u9636\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u3002  \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u6027\u80fd\u8bef\u5dee\u6307\u6807<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

\u4ed6\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u4eff\u771f\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7ed3\u679c\uff08\u89c1\u56fe29\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7f51\u7edc\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\u9c81\u68d2\u6027\uff0c\u5305\u62ecErd\u00f6s\u2013R\u00e9nyi\uff08ER\uff09\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u65e0\u6807\u5ea6\uff08SF\uff09\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5148\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u7f51\u7edc\u751f\u6210\u76ee\u6807\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u518d\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u53c2\u6570\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7f51\u7edc\u751f\u6210\u975e\u53d7\u63a7\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u975e\u53d7\u63a7\u72b6\u6001\u660e\u663e\u504f\u79bb\u76ee\u6807\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5229\u7528\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u53ef\u5c06\u975e\u53d7\u63a7\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5bfc\u5411\u76ee\u6807\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u5e73\u5747\u5ea6\u7684ER\u548cSF\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5176\u9c81\u68d2\u6027\u5f97\u5230\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff08\u89c1\u56fe30\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u63a7\u5236\u7814\u7a76\u65e5\u8d8b\u6d3b\u8dc3\uff0c\u4f46\u76f8\u5173\u6210\u679c\u4f9d\u7136\u6709\u9650\u3002\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u672a\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u6f5c\u529b\u663e\u8457\u3002\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u9632\u63a7\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u4f18\u5316\u8d44\u6e90\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u6587\u732e[280]\u63a2\u8ba8\u75ab\u82d7\u6ce8\u5c04\u3001\u57ce\u9645\u9650\u6d41\u3001\u5ba3\u4f20\u6d3b\u52a8\u7b49\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u6709\u9650\u9884\u7b97\u4e0b\u63a7\u5236\u76f4\u63a5\u63a5\u89e6\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u75ab\u60c5\u521d\u671f\u7206\u53d1\u3002\u5728\u75ab\u60c5\u7ec8\u671f\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u805a\u7126\u4e24\u5927\u76ee\u6807\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u5b9e\u73b0\u9884\u671f\u8870\u51cf\u901f\u7387\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u56fa\u5b9a\u9884\u7b97\u4e0b\u5b9e\u73b0\u6700\u5927\u8870\u51cf\u901f\u7387\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u8d44\u6e90\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5efa\u7acb\u9632\u75ab\u8d44\u6e90\uff08\u5982\u89e3\u6bd2\u5242\u3001\u75ab\u82d7\u3001\u5ba3\u4f20\u63aa\u65bd\u6216\u75ab\u533a\u9694\u79bb\uff09\u7684\u6210\u672c\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fbe\u6210\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u9996\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u63ed\u793a\u8fbe\u6210\u76ee\u6807\u901f\u7387\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u6b21\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u660e\u786e\u9884\u7b97\u7ea6\u675f\u4e0b\u7684\u6700\u5927\u901f\u7387\u914d\u7f6e\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6210\u679c\u4e3a\u9632\u75ab\u63d0\u4f9b\u91cd\u8981\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u4f46\u9700\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u6d3b\u52a8\u5b58\u5728\u5929\u7136\u5173\u8054\u3002\u82e5\u5c06\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565\u6269\u5c55\u81f3\u6db5\u76d6\u4eba\u53e3\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u7ba1\u63a7\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u6216\u5c06\u4ea7\u751f\u66f4\u6df1\u8fdc\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/section>\n

\u56fe30. (a)-(c)\u4e09\u7ec4\u5b50\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u5c55\u793a\u4e0d\u540c\u5e73\u5747\u8282\u70b9\u5ea6\u27e8k\u27e9\u4e0b\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u7edd\u5bf9\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bef\u5deeMARE\uff08\u516c\u5f0f42\u5b9a\u4e49\uff09\uff0c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u9c81\u68d2\u6027\u3002\u8bef\u5dee\u6761\u6807\u793a\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\u4e0e\u6700\u5927\u503c\u3002ER40\u548cRL20\u7f51\u7edc\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684(a)(c)\u5b50\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0cMARE\u59cb\u7ec8\u22642%\uff1b\u800cSF20\u7f51\u7edc\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684(b)\u5b50\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0cMARE\u22646%\u3002\u56fe\u6e90\uff1a\u5f15\u81ea\u6587\u732e[79]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5b9e\u9645\u6570\u636e\u5e94\u7528\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u5173\u952e\u4e14\u7d27\u8feb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u53cd\u5e94\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u63a8\u7b97\u65f6\u53d8\u611f\u67d3\u7387\u4e0e\u5eb7\u590d\u7387\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002\u6587\u732e[281]\u5df2\u6709\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\uff1a\u5c06\u53cd\u5e94\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u6700\u4f18\u7ec8\u7aef\u63a7\u5236\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u65f6\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u65e2\u8bc1\u660e\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u5b58\u5728\u6027\uff0c\u53c8\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u4e00\u9636\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u4f46\u5176\u6a21\u578b\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u95f4\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u672a\u80fd\u4f53\u73b0\u4eba\u7c7b\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u79bb\u6563\u7279\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4e9f\u9700\u5c06\u7406\u8bba\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f15\u5165\u7f51\u7edc\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4f9d\u636e\u771f\u5b9e\u75ab\u60c5\u6570\u636e\u7cbe\u51c6\u63a8\u7b97\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u533a\u6216\u793e\u7fa4\u7684\u611f\u67d3\u7387\u4e0e\u5eb7\u590d\u7387\u65f6\u5e8f\u503c\uff0c\u5bf9\u5236\u5b9a\u6709\u6548\u9632\u75ab\u7b56\u7565\u5177\u6709\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528[19,179]\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n

4.1.2 \u8fc7\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fc7\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u4e0e\u7ec8\u7aef\u63a7\u5236\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u6838\u5fc3\u5728\u4e8e\u4f18\u5316\u6cbb\u7597\u836f\u7269\u3001\u75ab\u82d7\u7b49\u533b\u7597\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u9650\u5236\u4e2a\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u5176\u9996\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5728\u9632\u63a7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u964d\u4f4e\u611f\u67d3\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0e\u8d44\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\u7b49\u6307\u6807\u3002\u5f53\u8fc7\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u5305\u542b\u7ec8\u7aef\u6761\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u5df2\u5c06\u7ec8\u7aef\u63a7\u5236\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7279\u5b9a\u573a\u666f\u7eb3\u5165\u8003\u91cf\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u7814\u7a76\u591a\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u9886\u57df[80,282,283]\u3002\u867d\u7136\u7f51\u7edc\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u7814\u7a76\u5c1a\u5904\u521d\u671f\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u73b0\u6709\u6210\u679c\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u65e0\u6269\u6563\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236[282\u2013284]\u3002\u4e3a\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u7d22\u8be5\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4e0b\u6587\u5c06\u4ece\u4e94\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u2014\u2014\u6709\u5411\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u5355\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u591a\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u65f6\u53d8\u7f51\u7edc\u53ca\u96c6\u5408\u79cd\u7fa4\u7f51\u7edc\u2014\u2014\u7cfb\u7edf\u68b3\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u5e76\u63a2\u8ba8\u6f5c\u5728\u62d3\u5c55\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5218\u7b49\u4eba[80]\u7387\u5148\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u5b9a\u5411\u7f51\u7edc\u5316\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u63ed\u793a\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u6f14\u53d8\u5bf9\u6ce2\u6a21\u5f0f\u56fe\u8c31\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5176\u76ee\u6807\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n
<\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

\u5176\u4e2d<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u548c  <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5206\u522b\u8868\u5f81T\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u7ec8\u6001\u503c\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94T\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u6001\u503c\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u548c <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u8282\u70b9i\u5728t\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u6fc0\u6d3b\u8282\u70b9\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e0e\u6291\u5236\u8282\u70b9\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff0c\u6545 <\/span><\/span><\/span> and <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u7279\u6307\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u5728t\u65f6\u523b\uff08 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff09\u7684\u6fc0\u6d3b\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6291\u5236\u8282\u70b9\u76ee\u6807\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3002\uff08\u4e0e\u7ec8\u7aef\u63a7\u5236\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u4e2d\u95f4\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5b57\u6570\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u9690\u85cf\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u5728\u539f\u6587\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u770b\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

4.2 \u6269\u6563\u9879\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u53cd\u5e94\u2013\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6269\u6563\u9879\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e2a\u4f53\u5728\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5982\u57ce\u5e02\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u6216\u5730\u533a\uff09\u95f4\u7684\u8fc1\u79fb\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8fc1\u79fb\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u4e0e\u8ddd\u79bb\u4f1a\u663e\u8457\u5f71\u54cd\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u4eca\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e92\u8054\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u5c24\u4e3a\u7a81\u51fa\u3002\u65b0\u51a0\u75ab\u60c5\u5370\u8bc1\u4e86\u4e2a\u4f53\u6d41\u52a8\u5bf9\u75be\u75c5\u8de8\u5730\u57df\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u4f5c\u7528[278,279]\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u6269\u6563\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6210\u4e3a\u904f\u5236\u75ab\u60c5\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u975e\u836f\u7269\u5e72\u9884\u624b\u6bb5\uff08NPIs\uff09\u5982\u9694\u79bb\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u9650\u5236\u4eba\u5458\u6d41\u52a8\u53ef\u6709\u6548\u964d\u4f4e\u4f20\u64ad\u98ce\u9669[102,291]\u3002\u5728\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\uff0c\u6269\u6563\u9879\u63a7\u5236\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u79cd\u8def\u5f84\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u95f4\u63a5\u63a7\u5236\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u8282\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u6570\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u964d\u4f4e\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u6570\u80fd\u51cf\u7f13\u4e2a\u4f53\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u8fc1\u79fb\u901f\u7387\uff0c\u5f53\u7cfb\u6570\u964d\u81f3\u96f6\u65f6\uff0c\u4f20\u64ad\u5373\u5b8c\u5168\u963b\u65ad\u3002\u6b64\u65b9\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u4eba\u5458\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u6a21\u62df\u9694\u79bb\u653f\u7b56\u6216\u65c5\u884c\u7981\u4ee4\u3002\uff082\uff09\u76f4\u63a5\u63a7\u5236\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u53d8\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u7279\u6027\u8fbe\u6210\u3002\u8c03\u6574\u5e73\u5747\u8282\u70b9\u5ea6[74]\u3001\u805a\u7c7b\u7cfb\u6570[75]\u6216\u9ad8\u9636\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f3a\u5ea6[67]\u7b49\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u524a\u5f31\u7f51\u7edc\u6574\u4f53\u8fde\u901a\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u904f\u5236\u75be\u75c5\u6269\u6563\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u6b64\u6cd5\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u52a8\u6001\u63a7\u5236\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b0\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u73b0\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u591a\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u6570\u8c03\u8282\uff0c\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u6539\u9020\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u4ecd\u663e\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002\u4e0b\u6587\u5c06\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7efc\u8ff0\u73b0\u6709\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u5e76\u5c55\u671b\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u672a\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

4.2.1 \u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u6570\u63a7\u5236<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u53d7\u5230\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u6570\u7684\u663e\u8457\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5176\u5177\u4f53\u7279\u5f81\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u611f\u67d3\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u79fb\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002Berestycki\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4e0e\u5e38\u89c4\u79fb\u52a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u3001\u94c1\u8def\u53ca\u822a\u8fd0\u7b49\u4ea4\u901a\u7f51\u7edc\u4f1a\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u5347\u6269\u6563\u901f\u7387[292]\u3002\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u5c06\u4eba\u5458\u79fb\u52a8\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u7c7b\uff1a\u6cbf\u4ea4\u901a\u5e72\u7ebf\u6d41\u52a8\u8005\u91c7\u7528\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u6570\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u79fb\u52a8\u8005\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u6570\uff08\u89c1\u56fe35\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e00\u533a\u5206\u5177\u6709\u5173\u952e\u610f\u4e49\u2014\u2014\u5f53\u57fa\u672c\u518d\u751f\u6570\u63a5\u8fd11\u65f6\uff0c\u4ea4\u901a\u5e72\u7ebf\u4e0a\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u6269\u6563\u4ecd\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u53d1\u75ab\u60c5\u7684\u66b4\u53d1\u5f0f\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u800c\u7279\u5b9a\u533a\u57df\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u75ab\u60c5\u53d1\u5c55\u5374\u76f8\u5bf9\u8fdf\u7f13\u3002\u5178\u578b\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\uff1a\u5355\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u867d\u7ef4\u6301\u4e2d\u7b49\u4f20\u64ad\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u4f9d\u6258\u9053\u8def\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\uff0c\u4f1a\u50ac\u751f\u51fa\u4e0e\u6838\u5fc3\u75ab\u533a\u65e0\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u75ab\u60c5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u201c\u611f\u67d3\u79cd\u5b50\u201d\u80fd\u591f\u8fdb\u884c\u8fdc\u8ddd\u79bb\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u8fdc\u79bb\u521d\u59cb\u4f20\u67d3\u6e90\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5f15\u53d1\u75ab\u60c5\u7206\u53d1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4ea4\u901a\u7f51\u7edc\u5bf9\u75ab\u60c5\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff1a\u6269\u6563\u52a0\u901f\u4f1a\u52a0\u5feb\u611f\u67d3\u8513\u5ef6\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5404\u5730\u75ab\u60c5\u5cf0\u503c\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u8f83\u65e0\u5feb\u901f\u6269\u6563\u60c5\u5f62\u66f4\u77ed\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u673a\u5236\u5728\u65b0\u51a0\u80ba\u708e\u7b49\u5168\u7403\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u4e2d\u5c24\u4e3a\u663e\u8457\u3002\u75ab\u60c5\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u822a\u7a7a\u8fd0\u8f93\u6781\u5927\u52a9\u63a8\u4e86\u8fdc\u8ddd\u79bb\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u8fc5\u901f\u5f80\u8fd4\u4e8e\u57ce\u5e02\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u968f\u7740\u75ab\u60c5\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5c01\u9501\u63aa\u65bd\u4f7f\u822a\u7a7a\u8fd0\u8f93\u57fa\u672c\u505c\u6ede\uff0c\u5730\u9762\u4ea4\u901a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u6108\u52a0\u51f8\u663e\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e3a\u7ef4\u6301\u4f9b\u5e94\u94fe\u9700\u4fdd\u969c\u5730\u9762\u8fd0\u8f93\uff0c\u5c40\u90e8\u75ab\u60c5\u4ecd\u6301\u7eed\u66b4\u53d1\uff0c\u5370\u8bc1\u6709\u9650\u6d41\u52a8\u4ea6\u80fd\u7ef4\u7cfb\u75ab\u60c5\u4f20\u64ad\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u65e2\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u57fa\u4e8e\u7a7a\u95f4\u6301\u7eed\u6269\u6563\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u5316\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u4f53\u7cfb\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\uff0c\u8c03\u63a7\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u6570\u65b9\u4e3a\u66f4\u5207\u5b9e\u7684\u7ba1\u63a7\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u5b9e\u65bd\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7b56\u7565\u9700\u5951\u5408\u73b0\u5b9e\u60c5\u5883\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u65b9\u6848\u624e\u6839\u4e8e\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b66\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u8981\u6c42\u7b56\u7565\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5fc5\u987b\u7edf\u7b79\u5b9e\u9645\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u590d\u6742\u52a8\u6001\uff0c\u517c\u987e\u5404\u7c7b\u8d44\u6e90\u9650\u5236\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/section>\n

\u56fe35\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u521a\u679c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u4ea4\u901a\u7f51\u7edc\uff08\u4ee5\u94c1\u8def\u548c\u6c34\u9053\u4e3a\u91cd\u70b9\uff09\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f20\u64ad\u901f\u7387\u9884\u6d4b\u3002\u8be5\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u57fa\u4e8e\u575a\u5b9e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u652f\u6491\u3002\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u6539\u7f16\u81ea\u6587\u732e[293]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6269\u6563\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u4e0e\u81ea\u6269\u6563\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u673a\u5236\u2014\u2014\u4ea4\u53c9\u6269\u6563\u3002\u5f53\u67d0\u7269\u79cd\u7684\u8fc1\u79fb\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6e90\u4e8e\u81ea\u8eab\u6d53\u5ea6\u68af\u5ea6\uff0c\u66f4\u53d7\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u79cd\u6d53\u5ea6\u68af\u5ea6\u5f71\u54cd\u65f6\uff0c\u4ea4\u53c9\u6269\u6563\u4fbf\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u4ee5\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u6269\u6563\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u6539\u53d8\u6613\u611f\u8005\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5f53\u6613\u611f\u8005\u5bdf\u89c9\u75ab\u60c5\u8513\u5ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u5e38\u4f1a\u91c7\u53d6\u8fc1\u5f80\u5b89\u5168\u533a\u57df\u7b49\u63aa\u65bd\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c4\u907f\u884c\u4e3a\u53cd\u800c\u540c\u6b65\u52a0\u901f\u4e86\u6613\u611f\u8005\u4e0e\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u6269\u6563\u3002\u9ad8\u56e2\u961f\u5728\u591a\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\uff1a\u6291\u5236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6269\u6563\u7adf\u80fd\u50ac\u52a8\u6fc0\u6d3b\u8282\u70b9\u6269\u6563\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5171\u4eab\u76f8\u540c\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u6291\u5236\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6fc0\u6d3b\u8282\u70b9\u6269\u6563\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8def\u5f84\u8fe5\u7136\u76f8\u5f02\u3002\u6291\u5236\u8282\u70b9\u6269\u6563\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u6fc0\u6d3b\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8fc1\u79fb\u901f\u7387\u3002\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0b\u5217\u7f51\u7edc\u632f\u5e45\u516c\u5f0f\u89e3\u6790\u6b64\u7c7b\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n
<\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

\u5f0f\u4e2d<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u548c <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u8282\u70b9i\u5904\u6fc0\u6d3b\u8282\u70b9\u6d53\u5ea6\u3001\u6291\u5236\u8282\u70b9\u6d53\u5ea6\u53ca\u5bf9\u5e94\u5e73\u8861\u503c\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff1a\u4ea4\u53c9\u6269\u6563\u80fd\u50ac\u751f\u56fe\u7075\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u2014\u2014\u5f53\u4ea4\u53c9\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u6570\u589e\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u6591\u56fe\u7684\u632f\u5e45\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u589e\u5f3a\u3001\u89c4\u6a21\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u6b64\u5173\u8054\u6027\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ea4\u53c9\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u6570\u65e2\u53ef\u5f3a\u5316\u56fe\u7075\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u53c8\u80fd\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7a7a\u95f4\u6591\u56fe\u7684\u663e\u8457\u5f62\u6210\uff08\u8be6\u89c1\u56fe36\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u591a\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u8c03\u63a7\u4ea4\u53c9\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u6570\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u51b3\u5b9a\u7740\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u5f15\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u547d\u9898\uff1a\u63a7\u5236\u624b\u6bb5\u5e94\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u7ea7\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u53c9\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u6570\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u805a\u7126\u5355\u5c42\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u6570\uff1f\u6291\u6216\u9700\u8981\u6784\u5efa\u66f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7684\u8c03\u63a7\u7b56\u7565\uff1f\u5e73\u8861\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8def\u5f84\u65e2\u53ef\u4f18\u5316\u75ab\u60c5\u7ba1\u63a7\uff0c\u53c8\u80fd\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u964d\u4f4e\u8d44\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\u3002\u63a2\u660e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u5bf9\u5236\u5b9a\u6709\u6548\u9632\u63a7\u65b9\u6848\u5177\u6709\u5173\u952e\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u4e9f\u5f85\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u7d22\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5e94\u5bf9\u65b0\u53d1\u75ab\u60c5\u65f6\uff0c\u6269\u5927\u793e\u4ea4\u8ddd\u79bb\u662f\u904f\u5236\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u53d8\u4e2a\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u51cf\u5c11\u793e\u4ea4\u63a5\u89e6\uff0c\u53ef\u663e\u8457\u6291\u5236\u611f\u67d3\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u4f46\u9700\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u793e\u4ea4\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u7f29\u51cf\u6548\u5e94\u5728\u6613\u611f\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u5c24\u4e3a\u7a81\u51fa\u3002\u5982\u4ea4\u53c9\u6269\u6563\u673a\u5236\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u6613\u611f\u8005\u4e3a\u907f\u9669\u800c\u88ab\u52a8\u8fc1\u79fb\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u95f4\u63a5\u8c03\u63a7\u7fa4\u4f53\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002\u4e3a\u91cf\u5316\u6b64\u7c7b\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u6587\u732e[294]\u5c06\u793e\u4ea4\u884c\u4e3a\u7eb3\u5165\u4ea4\u53c9\u6269\u6563\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u540c\u65f6\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u611f\u67d3\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0e\u793e\u4ea4\u8ddd\u79bb\u7f29\u51cf\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u4f18\u5316\u76ee\u6807\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n
<\/section>\n

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\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u4e0e<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4e3a\u6743\u91cd\u53c2\u6570\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u8868\u793a\u793e\u4ea4\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f18\u5316\u8be5\u6cdb\u51fd\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u591f\u7cbe\u786e\u91cf\u5316\u793e\u4ea4\u8ddd\u79bb\u5bf9\u75ab\u60c5\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8bc1\u5b9e\uff1a\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u4f20\u64ad\u7387\u51fd\u6570\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u6846\u67b6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u5b58\u5728\u552f\u4e00\u6b63\u5f31\u89e3\uff0c\u8fd8\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e86\u6700\u4f18\u6027\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u6570\u503c\u6a21\u62df\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e86\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u4ea4\u53c9\u6269\u6563\u673a\u5236\u4e0b\uff0c\u793e\u4ea4\u8ddd\u79bb\u53ef\u4f7f\u75ab\u60c5\u5f3a\u5ea6\u663e\u8457\u964d\u4f4e\uff08\u89c1\u56fe37\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u867d\u5177\u521b\u65b0\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5047\u8bbe\u7a7a\u95f4\u6269\u6563\u8fde\u7eed\u4e14\u793e\u4ea4\u8ddd\u79bb\u51fd\u6570\u8fde\u7eed\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u4eba\u7fa4\u6d41\u52a8\u4e0e\u4ea4\u4e92\u591a\u5448\u73b0\u79bb\u6563\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5dee\u5f02\u4f1a\u4e25\u91cd\u5f71\u54cd\u6a21\u578b\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3002\u540e\u7eed\u7814\u7a76\u9700\u5c06\u8be5\u6846\u67b6\u62d3\u5c55\u81f3\u66f4\u8d34\u8fd1\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u89e3\u5b58\u5728\u6027\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5206\u6790\u80fd\u5426\u4ece\u8fde\u7eed\u57df\u5ef6\u4f38\u81f3\u79bb\u6563\u57df\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8f6c\u6362\u4e9f\u5f85\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u9700\u7ec6\u81f4\u8c03\u6574\u793e\u4ea4\u8ddd\u79bb\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u66f4\u7cbe\u51c6\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u73b0\u5b9e\u52a8\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/section>\n

\u56fe36\uff0e \u56fe\u7075\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u632f\u5e45\u5206\u6790\u3002\uff08a\uff09\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u7684\u632f\u5e45\u6f14\u53d8\u3002\uff08b\uff09\u56fe\u7075\u533a\uff08TR\uff09\u4e0e\u975e\u56fe\u7075\u533a\uff08UTR\uff09\u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u7684\u632f\u5e45\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u56fe\u4f8b\u4e2d”UTR”\u8868\u793a\u975e\u56fe\u7075\u533a\u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c”TR”\u6307\u56fe\u7075\u533a\u8282\u70b9\u632f\u5e45\u3002\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u6539\u7f16\u81ea\u6587\u732e[73]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u56fe37\uff0e \u6700\u4f18\u793e\u4ea4\u8ddd\u79bb\u5bf9\u611f\u67d3\u603b\u4eba\u6570\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u8c03\u63a7\u6548\u679c\u3002\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e0e\u672a\u5b9e\u65bd\u6700\u4f18\u793e\u4ea4\u8ddd\u79bb\u7b56\u7565\u65f6\uff0c\u611f\u67d3\u4eba\u7fa4\u603b\u91cf\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u6539\u7f16\u81ea\u6587\u732e[294]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u793e\u4ea4\u8ddd\u79bb\u4e0e\u75ab\u82d7\u63a5\u79cd\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u662f\u63a7\u5236\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u9ad8\u6548\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6587\u732e[295]\u901a\u8fc7\u6574\u5408\u8fd9\u4e24\u9879\u63aa\u65bd\u53ca\u611f\u67d3\u5e74\u9f84\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u5c06\u793e\u4ea4\u8ddd\u79bb\u548c\u75ab\u82d7\u63a5\u79cd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u63a7\u5236\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u591a\u9636\u6bb5\u63a7\u5236\u76ee\u6807\u6cdb\u51fd\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8bc1\u5b9e\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u89e3\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u8fd8\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u4e00\u9636\u6700\u4f18\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u9610\u660e\u89e3\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u6027\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e86\u65b0\u51a0\u75ab\u60c5\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u9632\u63a7\u7b56\u7565\uff1a\u75ab\u60c5\u521d\u671f\u4ee5\u793e\u4ea4\u8ddd\u79bb\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u63a7\u5236\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u540e\u671f\u8f6c\u5411\u75ab\u82d7\u63a5\u79cd\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u63ed\u793a\u75ab\u82d7\u914d\u7ed9\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u63a5\u79cd\u9636\u6bb5\u4ecd\u9700\u4fdd\u6301\u793e\u4ea4\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002\u4f46\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6a21\u578b\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u8be5\u6846\u67b6\u5047\u8bbe\u4eba\u7fa4\u6301\u7eed\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u672a\u80fd\u771f\u5b9e\u53cd\u6620\u75ab\u60c5\u52a8\u6001\u3002\u4e3a\u7cbe\u51c6\u6355\u6349\u4f20\u64ad\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u7814\u7a76\u9700\u8003\u8651\u4e2a\u4f53\u79bb\u6563\u79fb\u52a8\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u6b64\u7c7b\u6539\u8fdb\u5bf9\u63d0\u5347\u6a21\u578b\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3001\u5236\u5b9a\u9ad8\u6548\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u9632\u63a7\u7b56\u7565\u5177\u6709\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/section>\n

\u56fe38. \u5168\u7403\u822a\u7a7a\u8fd0\u8f93\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u75ab\u60c5\u4f20\u64ad\u63a7\u5236\u3002\uff08A\uff09\u7f51\u7edc\u75312219\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u57ce\u5e02\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c59151\u6761\u8fde\u63a5\u8fb9\u4ee3\u8868\u57ce\u5e02\u95f4\u5ba2\u8fd0\u6d41\u91cf\u3002\u6696\u8272\u8c03\u4e0e\u8f83\u5927\u5706\u5708\u8868\u793a\u8ddd\u7ebd\u7ea6\uff08\u6700\u5927\u7ea2\u5708\u6240\u793a\uff09\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u8ddd\u79bb\uff08<\/span>\u03c1<\/span><\/span>\uff09\u66f4\u77ed\u3002\uff08B\uff09\u5168\u7403\u7d2f\u8ba1\u611f\u67d3\u4eba\u53e3\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u53d8\u5316\u66f2\u7ebf\uff0c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u65e0\u7ba1\u63a7\u3001\u5c40\u90e8\u7ba1\u63a7\u53ca\u5168\u5c40\u7ba1\u63a7\u4e09\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\uff08C\uff09\u5c40\u90e8\u7ba1\u63a7\uff08\u84dd\u7ebf\uff09\u4e0e\u5168\u5c40\u7ba1\u63a7\uff08\u7ea2\u7ebf\uff09\u4e0b\u7684\u6bcf\u65e5\u6cbb\u7597\u548c\u75ab\u82d7\u63a5\u79cd\u5b9e\u65bd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u6539\u7f16\u81ea\u6587\u732e[220]\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

4.2.2  \u7f51\u7edc\u5c5e\u6027\u63a7\u5236 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u53ca\u5176\u5c5e\u6027\u5bf9\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u8d77\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5f53\u524d\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565\u867d\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u53cd\u5e94\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u968f\u7740\u73b0\u5b9e\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u83b7\u53d6\u6027\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u5f97\u4ee5\u63ed\u793a[296,297]\u3002\u8fd9\u51f8\u663e\u4e86\u53cd\u5e94\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u5c40\u9650\uff1a\u8d44\u6e90\u53d7\u9650\u65f6\u96be\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c06\u7f51\u7edc\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565\u878d\u5165\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u5efa\u6a21\u5df2\u6210\u8feb\u5207\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u4ee5\u65b0\u51a0\u9632\u63a7\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u9694\u79bb\u63aa\u65bd\u4e0e\u793e\u4ea4\u8ddd\u79bb\u7f29\u51cf\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u79cd\u9488\u5bf9\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u624b\u6bb5\u2014\u2014\u6210\u6548\u663e\u8457\u3002\u76f8\u8f83\u4f20\u7edf\u533b\u7597\u5e72\u9884\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b56\u7565\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u66f4\u5927\u6f5c\u529b\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u63a7\u5236\u7f51\u7edc\u5c5e\u6027\uff08\u800c\u975e\u4ec5\u63a7\u5236\u53cd\u5e94\uff09\u53ef\u4e3a\u75ab\u60c5\u9632\u63a7\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u7814\u7a76\u5c1a\u5904\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4ecd\u9700\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u7d22\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u586b\u8865\u8fd9\u4e00\u7a7a\u767d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u62d3\u6251\u53c2\u6570\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u7ee7\u800c\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u63a7\u5236\u9886\u57df\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6982\u5ff5\u201c\u7f51\u7edc\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\u201d\uff08\u6587\u732e[220]\uff09\u2014\u2014\u5373\u7f51\u7edc\u5185\u90e8\u76f8\u90bb\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u2014\u2014\u663e\u8457\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4ee5\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6210\u672c\u5b9e\u73b0\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5c40\u90e8\u4e0e\u5168\u5c40\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5168\u7403\u4ea4\u901a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u75ab\u60c5\u4f20\u64ad\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u867d\u7136\u76ee\u6807\u51fd\u6570\u4ecd\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u805a\u7126\u6cbb\u7597\u4e0e\u75ab\u82d7\u63a5\u79cd\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u4fe1\u606f\u8ddd\u79bb <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7eb3\u5165\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u56fe38\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6210\u529f\u878d\u5408\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u63a7\u5236\u8981\u7d20\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6574\u5408\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7f51\u7edc\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0e\u75ab\u60c5\u52a8\u6001\u5f97\u4ee5\u540c\u6b65\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe39\uff1a\uff08a\uff09ER\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u6fc0\u6d3b\u8282\u70b9\u5bc6\u5ea6\u968f\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15i\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u7a33\u6001\u6591\u56fe\u3002\uff08b\uff09\u4e0a\u5c42\u8282\u70b9\u7fa4\u5360\u6bd4P\u968f\u5e73\u5747\u5ea6 <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u6539\u7f16\u81ea\u6587\u732e[74]\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5e73\u5747\u5ea6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u4e2d\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7279\u6027\u6709\u7740\u6df1\u523b\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6587\u732e[74]\u91c7\u7528\u5b9a\u6027\u4e0e\u5b9a\u91cf\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5730\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u5e73\u5747\u5ea6\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u6591\u56fe\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5728\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u7ef4\u7f51\u7edc\u6591\u56fe\u65f6\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u53d1\u73b0\u8282\u70b9\u5206\u5e03\u5230\u4e0a\u7c07\u6216\u4e0b\u7c07\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u4e0e\u5e73\u5747\u5ea6\u7684\u6ce2\u52a8\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\uff08\u89c1\u56fe39(a)\uff09\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u91cf\u5316\u4e0a\u4e0b\u7c07\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u4e0e\u5e73\u5747\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5982\u4e0b\u6307\u6807\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u5176\u4e2d<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u548c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u4e0a\u5c42\u96c6\u7fa4\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u53ca\u5176\u5360\u6bd4\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u57fa\u4e8e\u8be5\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u56de\u5f52\u6a21\u578b<\/span><\/p>\n

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\uff08\uff09<\/section>\n

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\u5f0f\u4e2d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u5e73\u5747\u5ea6\u3002\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u7cbe\u51c6\u5730\u6355\u6349\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u8868\u660eP\u968f\u5e73\u5747\u5ea6\u589e\u52a0\u5448\u6307\u6570\u9012\u51cf\uff08\u89c1\u56fe39(b)\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u89c4\u5f8b\u5728ER\u7f51\u7edc\u3001BA\u7f51\u7edc\u7b49\u4e94\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u5747\u7a33\u5065\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u901a\u8fc7\u5e73\u5747\u573a\u65b9\u6cd5\u9610\u91ca\u4e86\u5185\u5728\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u95f4\u7684\u590d\u6742\u8026\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u805a\u7c7b\u7cfb\u6570\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u91cd\u8981\u62d3\u6251\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5176\u5168\u5c40\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u5c40\u90e8\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u5168\u5c40\u805a\u7c7b\u7cfb\u6570<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u8868\u793a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\uff0c <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u4ee3\u8868\u5176\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u8282\u70b9 <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u805a\u7c7b\u7cfb\u6570 <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u5f0f\u4e2d <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u8868\u793a\u8282\u70b9 <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u7684\u5ea6\uff0c <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u6307\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u90bb\u5c45\u95f4\u5b9e\u9645\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8fb9\u6570\u3002\u6587\u732e[75]\u91c7\u7528\u7279\u5b9a\u5ea6\u91cf\uff08\u5f0f44\u4e0e\u5f0f46\uff09\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u6591\u56fe\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6307\u6807\u4e0e\u5168\u5c40\u805a\u7c7b\u7cfb\u6570\u5448\u7ebf\u6027\u8870\u51cf\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8be5\u7ed3\u8bba\u5728\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u7ecf\u5178\u9ad8\u805a\u7c7b\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5747\u5f97\u5230\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5e73\u5747\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0e\u805a\u7c7b\u7cfb\u6570\u9ad8\u5ea6\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u68c0\u9a8c\u4e86\u8be5\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u662f\u5426\u5f71\u54cd\u89c2\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u6570\u636e\u663e\u793a\uff1a\u5f53\u805a\u7c7b\u7cfb\u6570\u8f83\u4f4e\u65f6\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u6307\u6807\u5747\u4e0e\u805a\u7c7b\u7cfb\u6570\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u957f\u5ea6\u5448\u7ebf\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e3b\u56e0\u96be\u4ee5\u8fa8\u522b\uff1b\u4f46\u968f\u7740\u805a\u7c7b\u7cfb\u6570\u589e\u5927\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u518d\u7ebf\u6027\uff0c\u8bc1\u5b9e\u8870\u51cf\u7531\u805a\u7c7b\u7cfb\u6570\u4e3b\u5bfc\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8fd8\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u6591\u56fe\u6307\u6807\u4e0e\u5e73\u5747\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u957f\u5ea6\u5b58\u5728\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u5173\u8054\uff08\u56fe40\uff09\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6587\u732e[158]\u8bc1\u660e\uff1a\u5373\u4f7f\u7f51\u7edc\u5e73\u5747\u5ea6\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u4f20\u7edf\u56fe\u7075\u5931\u7a33\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u805a\u7c7b\u4ecd\u53ef\u5f15\u53d1\u56fe\u7075\u5931\u7a33\u3002\u8fd9\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u805a\u7c7b\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u8c03\u63a7\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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<\/section>\n

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\u56fe41. (a)\u4e8c\u7ef4\u5355\u7eaf\u590d\u5f62\u4e2d\u62c9\u666e\u62c9\u65af\u7279\u5f81\u503c <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u968f2-\u5355\u7eaf\u5f62\u5f3a\u5ea6 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u89c4\u5f8b\uff1b(b)\u89e3\u632f\u5e45\u968f <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u66f2\u7ebf\uff0c\u5448\u73b0\u4e0a\u5347\u6216\u4e0b\u964d\u6ce2\u52a8\u3002\u8be5\u73b0\u8c61\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5355\u7eaf\u590d\u5f62\u4e2dGM\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u591a\u7a33\u6001\u7279\u6027\u3002\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u6539\u7f16\u81ea\u6587\u732e[67]\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

4.3 \u7efc\u5408\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/section>\n

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\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c <\/span>\u3001\u548c<\/span><\/span> \u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001<\/span>\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u53d8\u91cf\u53ca<\/span><\/span> \u7684\u6210\u672c\u51fd\u6570\uff1b\u53c2\u6570<\/span>\u3001\u3001<\/span><\/span> \u4e3a\u975e\u8d1f\u6743\u91cd\u5411\u91cf\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5bb9\u8bb8\u63a7\u5236\u96c6\u3002\u53d8\u91cfu\u548cv\u5206\u522b\u7528\u4e8e\u8c03\u8282\u5355\u7eaf\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u8282\u70b9\u901a\u91cf\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3002 \u7cfb\u7edf\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u53d7\u63a7\u5236\u53d8\u91cfu\u548cv\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u7531\u4e0b\u5217\u72b6\u6001\u65b9\u7a0b\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/section>\n

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\u5f0f\u4e2d <\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u4f4d\u4e8e  <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>D<\/span><\/span>\u4e3a\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u6570\u5bf9\u89d2\u77e9\u9635\uff0c<\/span><\/span>L<\/span>(u)<\/span>\u662f\u7531\u62c9\u666e\u62c9\u65af\u77e9\u9635<\/span><\/span>L(u)<\/span>\u6784\u6210\u7684\u5757\u5bf9\u89d2\u77e9\u9635\uff08\u5bf9\u5e94\u6269\u6563\u63a7\u5236\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\uff0c<\/span><\/span>f({X<\/span>,v)\u4e3a\u63a7\u5236\u53d8\u91cfv\u8c03\u63a7\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u9879\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e3a<\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/section>\n

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\u4ee5\u53ca\u51fd\u6570<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u3002 \u8be5\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5bb9\u8bb8\u63a7\u5236\u96c6\u7531\u65b9\u7a0b(50)-(51)\u8054\u5408\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/section>\n

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\u5728\u533a\u95f4[0,T]\u4e0a\uff0c<\/span>\u548c<\/span><\/span>\u5747\u4e3a\u672c\u8d28\u6709\u754c\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d<\/span>\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u5f97\u63a7\u5236\u5411\u91cf<\/span>\u4e0e<\/span><\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe42. \u4e8c\u7ef4\u5355\u7eaf\u590d\u5f62\u6a21\u578b\u5305\u542b\u4e94\u4e2a0-\u5355\u5f62\uff08\u8282\u70b9\uff09\u3001\u516d\u4e2a1-\u5355\u5f62\uff08\u8fb9\uff09\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a2-\u5355\u5f62\u3002\u7d2b\u8272\u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u5e940-\u5355\u5f62\uff0c\u7d2b\u8272\u8fb9\u5bf9\u5e941-\u5355\u5f62\uff0c\u7d2b\u8272\u4e09\u89d2\u5bf9\u5e942-\u5355\u5f62\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u8868\u5f811-\u5355\u5f62\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u8868\u5f812-\u5355\u5f62\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u5206\u522b\u5ea6\u91cf\u5404\u9636\u5355\u5f62\u5bf9\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u8282\u70b9\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u6539\u7f16\u81ea\u6587\u732e[83]\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u65b9\u7a0b(50)-(52)\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5305\u542b\u53cd\u5e94\u9879\u63a7\u5236\u53d8\u91cfv\u548c\u6269\u6563\u9879\u63a7\u5236\u53d8\u91cfu\u3002\u8be5\u6846\u67b6\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5176\u53cd\u5e94\u9879\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u5f0f\u4e2d<\/span><\/span><\/span> and <\/span><\/span><\/span> \uff08\u89c1\u65b9\u7a0b51\uff09\u5206\u522b\u8868\u5f81\u6613\u611f\u8005\u4e0e\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u7684\u79cd\u7fa4\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3002\u6a21\u578b\u672a\u5305\u542b\u5eb7\u590d\u8005\u4ed3\u5ba4<\/span><\/span><\/span> \uff0c\u56e0\u5176\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u548c <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u7684\u6f14\u5316\u3002\u53c2\u6570<\/span><\/span><\/span> and <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u4eba\u53e3\u8865\u5145\u7387\u3001\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u7387\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u3001\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u75c5\u6b7b\u7387\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u5eb7\u590d\u7387\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6613\u611f\u8005\u4e0e\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u7684\u6269\u6563\u901f\u7387\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e00\u6df7\u5408\u63a7\u5236\u6846\u67b6\u540c\u65f6\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7ec8\u7aef\u63a7\u5236\u4e0e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u4e3a\u76f4\u89c2\u8bf4\u660e\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u7ec8\u7aef\u63a7\u5236\u4e3a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u4e0b\u5217\u6307\u6807\uff08\u89c1\u56fe43\uff09\u3002 \u8861\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u7cbe\u5ea6\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bef\u5dee\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u5176\u4e2d <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u8868\u793a\u76ee\u6807\u72b6\u6001\u3002 \u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u6210\u672c\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u5f0f\u4e2d<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u4e0e <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4e3a\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u56e0\u5b50\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5e73\u8861\u6269\u6563\u63a7\u5236\u9879 <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u4e0e\u53cd\u5e94\u63a7\u5236\u9879  <\/span><\/span><\/span> \u7684\u91cf\u7ea7\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u5c06\u53cd\u5e94\u63a7\u5236\u4e0e\u6269\u6563\u63a7\u5236\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u4ee5\u7ba1\u7406\u75ab\u60c5\uff0c\u805a\u7126\u533b\u7597\u8d44\u6e90\u4f18\u5316\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4f53\u6d41\u52a8\u8c03\u63a7\uff0c\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u5e94\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u6311\u6218\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u56fa\u6709\u590d\u6742\u6027\u53ca\u5176\u52a8\u6001\u6f14\u5316\u6784\u6210\u4e25\u5cfb\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u4f46\u5236\u5b9a\u6709\u6548\u7b56\u7565\u5e94\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u671b\u63d0\u4f9b\u9ad8\u6548\u4e14\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u5f3a\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5728\u65e5\u76ca\u52a8\u6001\u4e14\u7d27\u5bc6\u4e92\u8054\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u63d0\u5347\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u6cbb\u7406\u6548\u80fd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe43. (a)\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u6a21\u578b\u53c2\u6570\u4e0b\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e09\u79cd\u63a7\u5236\u65b9\u6848\u5c06GS\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u72b6\u6001\u8c03\u63a7\u81f3\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u6807\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u7ea2\u8272\u6807\u793a\uff09\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u6700\u7ec8\u53d7\u63a7\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8be5\u76ee\u6807\u72b6\u6001\u5bf9\u5e94\u7cfb\u7edf(51)\u5728\u53e6\u4e00GS\u7f51\u7edc\u65e0\u63a7\u5236\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u751f\u6210\u7684\u7a33\u6001\u3002\u53cd\u5e94\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u6269\u6563\u63a7\u5236\u53ca\u8026\u5408\u63a7\u5236\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4ee5\u84dd\u8272\u3001\u6d45\u84dd\u4e0e\u6df1\u84dd\u8272\u5706\u5708\u8fdb\u884c\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u533a\u5206\u3002(b)\u91c7\u7528\u4e0e\u56fe43(a)\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5728\u516d\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684GS\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bef\u5deeRE\uff08\u516c\u5f0f54\uff09\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u6210\u672c\uff08\u516c\u5f0f55\uff09\u53ca\u76ee\u6807\u51fd\u6570OBF\uff08\u516c\u5f0f50\uff09\u4e09\u9879\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e09\u79cd\u63a7\u5236\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u6539\u7f16\u81ea\u6587\u732e[299]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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5. <\/span>\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e0e\u5c55\u671b<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u7269\u8d28\u6d53\u5ea6\u65f6\u7a7a\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u4e24\u5927\u8981\u7d20\u652f\u914d\uff1a\u9a71\u52a8\u7269\u8d28\u8f6c\u5316\u7684\u5c40\u57df\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7269\u8d28\u8de8\u57df\u8fc1\u79fb\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u6269\u6563\u3002\u5176\u5e7f\u6cdb\u9002\u7528\u6027\u53ef\u6a21\u62df\u591a\u5143\u73b0\u5b9e\u573a\u666f\u2014\u2014\u65e2\u6db5\u76d6\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u75c5\u6bd2\u6269\u6563\u3001\u4eba\u53e3\u8fc1\u5f99\u7b49\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u3001\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6355\u98df-\u98df\u9975\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u5e72\u65f1\u5730\u533a\u690d\u88ab\u5206\u5e03\u7b49\u81ea\u7136\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u673a\u5236\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u81ea\u7136\u7269\u8d28\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4ee5\u6d41\u884c\u6027\u611f\u5192\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u9ad8\u53d1\u6025\u6027\u547c\u5438\u9053\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u6846\u67b6\u8fdb\u884c\u7406\u8bba\u5efa\u6a21\uff1a\u5728\u5c40\u57df\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u7279\u5b9a\u5730\u7406\u8303\u56f4\uff08\u4ece\u6751\u5e84\u5230\u56fd\u5bb6\uff09\u5185\u6613\u611f\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e0e\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u63a5\u89e6\u4ea7\u751f\u65b0\u75c5\u4f8b\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u5c40\u57df\u53cd\u5e94\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u5458\u901a\u8fc7\u4ea4\u901a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8de8\u533a\u57df\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u7a7a\u95f4\u6269\u6563\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u75be\u75c5\u8de8\u5730\u57df\u4f20\u64ad\u3002\u53cd\u5e94\u4e0e\u6269\u6563\u7684\u534f\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u6d41\u611f\u5b63\u8282\u6027\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u6839\u672c\u6210\u56e0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/section>\n

\u56fe44.\uff08a\uff092000-2005\u5e74\u5370\u5ea61\u578b\u4e0e3\u578b\u810a\u9ad3\u7070\u8d28\u708e\u5206\u5e03[84]\uff1b\uff08b\uff092020\u5e743\u670812\u65e5\u81f34\u67083\u65e5\u5e0c\u814a\u672c\u571f\u65b0\u51a0\u80ba\u708e\u7d2f\u8ba1\u786e\u8bca\u75c5\u4f8b\u6f14\u53d8[85]\u3002\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u6539\u7f16\u81ea\u6587\u732e[84,85]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u5e38\u5177\u5907\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u7279\u6027\u4e0e\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u7b49\u5178\u578b\u7279\u5f81[22,23,179]\u3002\u6784\u5efa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7f51\u7edc\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u7a81\u7834\u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u95f4\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5c40\u9650\uff0c\u4e3a\u63cf\u8ff0\u53cd\u5e94\u6269\u6563\u8fc7\u7a0b\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u8d34\u8fd1\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u81ea2010\u5e74\u4e2d\u5c3e\u4e0e\u7c73\u54c8\u4f0a\u6d1b\u592b\u53d1\u8868\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u56fe\u7075\u6591\u56fe\u7684\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u7814\u7a76[57]\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u6301\u7eed\u5f15\u53d1\u5b66\u754c\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u5341\u5e74\u95f4\u5df2\u79ef\u7d2f\u5927\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c[69]\u3002\u4e0e\u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u95f4\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e5f\u53ef\u5448\u73b0\u9759\u6001\u6591\u56fe\u4e0e\u6ce2\u72b6\u6591\u56fe\u7b49\u7a7a\u95f4\u6784\u578b[58]\u3002\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u6591\u56fe\u751f\u6210\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u66f4\u53d7\u5236\u4e8e\u5e95\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784[72]\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u53cc\u91cd\u590d\u6742\u6027\u65e2\u62d3\u5c55\u4e86\u6591\u56fe\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u63ed\u793a\u51fa\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u5f71\u54cd\u65f6\u7a7a\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u65b0\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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<\/section>\n

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<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/section>\n

\u56fe46. \u5fae\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u7c7b\u4f53\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u5c55\u671b\u672a\u6765\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u4e9f\u5f85\u7a81\u7834\uff1a\u65f6\u95f4\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u72b6\u6001\u7ea6\u675f\u3001\u79ef\u5206\u7ea6\u675f\u3001\u591a\u9636\u6bb5\u63a7\u5236\u53ca\u542b\u53cd\u9988\u7684\u95ed\u73af\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u4ee5\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u6a21\u578b\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u6700\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u904f\u5236\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u5373\u6784\u6210\u5178\u578b\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5c06\u75ab\u60c5\u63a7\u5236\u5728\u65f6\u7a7a\u57df\u7684\u4f4e\u6d41\u884c\u6c34\u5e73\u6d89\u53ca\u9010\u70b9\u72b6\u6001\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u4ece\u786e\u4fdd\u7279\u5b9a\u65f6\u6bb5\u611f\u67d3\u603b\u6570\u4e0d\u8d85\u9608\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u5f62\u6210\u79ef\u5206\u72b6\u6001\u7ea6\u675f\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u7279\u5f81\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u6f14\u53d8\uff0c\u9700\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\u91c7\u53d6\u9002\u914d\u63aa\u65bd\u5b9e\u73b0\u9632\u63a7\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u591a\u9636\u6bb5\u63a7\u5236\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u5b9e\u65f6\u4f20\u64ad\u6001\u52bf\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u6574\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5219\u9762\u4e34\u53cd\u9988\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6311\u6218\u3002\u968f\u673a\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u4e0e\u5fae\u5206\u535a\u5f08\u7406\u8bba\u4e3a\u75ab\u60c5\u4f20\u64ad\u6591\u56fe\u63a7\u5236\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b0\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u5f53\u524d\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u7814\u7a76\u591a\u57fa\u4e8e\u9759\u6001\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u52a8\u6001\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u2014\u2014\u901a\u8fc7\u4f18\u5316\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f20\u64ad\u6591\u56fe\u9ad8\u6548\u63a7\u5236\u2014\u2014\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\u62d3\u6251\u4f18\u5316\u547d\u9898\u3002\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u5355\u4e00\u5c42\u6b21\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u53d7\u9650\u6216\u5f00\u73af\u7cfb\u7edf\u7b49\u57fa\u7840\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9ad8\u9636\u8bfe\u9898\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u6784\u5efa\u4e0e\u6570\u503c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5c42\u9762\u66f4\u5177\u6311\u6218\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u96be\u9898\u5c06\u4e3a\u63d0\u5347\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u9632\u63a7\u80fd\u529b\u63d0\u4f9b\u5173\u952e\u652f\u6491\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f20\u5b50\u67ef\u8001\u5e08\u66fe\u5728\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u300d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/a>\u4ee5\u300c\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u89c6\u89d2\u4e0b\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u300d\u4e3a\u4e3b\u9898\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u5206\u4eab\u3002\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u53ef\u4ee5\u626b\u7801\u67e5\u770b\u89c6\u9891\ud83d\udc47 <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/section>\n


<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/section>\n

<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

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\"\u56fe\u7247\"<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u8be6\u60c5\u8bf7\u89c1\uff1a\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0e\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\uff1a\u4ece\u6269\u6563\u3001\u76f8\u53d8\u5230\u535a\u5f08 | \u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u542f\u52a8<\/a><\/span>
<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n


<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
<\/strong><\/section>\n
1. \u6a21\u5757\u5316\u6d8c\u73b0\u65b0\u673a\u5236\uff1a\u5c40\u90e8\u4e92\u52a8\u5982\u4f55\u81ea\u53d1\u6784\u5efa\u5168\u5c40\u79e9\u5e8f\uff1f<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong>
<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
2.\u51b3\u7b56\u4e4b\u6865\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\u4f18\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u4e0e\u6311\u6218<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong>
<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
3.Physics Reports\u8ba1\u7b97\u7f51\u7edc\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u957f\u6587\u7efc\u8ff0\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u3001\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u5e94\u7528<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
<\/strong><\/section>\n
4. <\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u6d8c\u73b0\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u5982\u4f55\u7528\u6765\u5206\u6790\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1f | \u65b0\u8bfe\u4e0a\u7ebf<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
<\/strong>5. <\/span><\/strong>AI\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\uff1a\u5171\u63a2\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n

6. <\/span><\/strong>\u63a2\u7d22\u8005\u8ba1\u5212 | \u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e82025\u5185\u5bb9\u56e2\u961f\u62db\u52df\uff08\u5168\u804c&\u517c\u804c\uff09<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u70b9\u51fb\u201c\u9605\u8bfb\u539f\u6587\u201d\uff0c\u62a5\u540d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u5bfc\u8bed \u957f\u4e45\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u516c\u4f17\u548c\u536b\u751f\u90e8\u95e8\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u5236\u5b9a\u9ad8\u6548\u9884\u9632\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u6218\u7565\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u3002\u5728\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u4e0e\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8bba\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u5236\u5b9a\u9632\u63a7\u63aa\u65bd\u57fa\u672c\u4e14\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c \u7f51\u7edc\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3a\u89e3\u6790\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u590d\u6742\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5173\u952e\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7cfb\u7edf\u6574\u5408\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u7a7a\u95f4\u884c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u591a\u6837\u6027\u548c\u91cd…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":61133,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"special":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61185"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=61185"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61185\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/61133"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=61185"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=61185"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=61185"},{"taxonomy":"special","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fspecial&post=61185"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}