{"id":61424,"date":"2025-06-28T21:10:45","date_gmt":"2025-06-28T13:10:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=61424"},"modified":"2025-06-28T21:10:45","modified_gmt":"2025-06-28T13:10:45","slug":"%e8%a7%82%e6%b5%8b%e7%9a%84%e4%b8%bb%e4%bd%93%e6%80%a7%e4%b8%8d%e5%8f%af%e5%bf%bd%e8%a7%86%ef%bc%9a%e9%87%8f%e5%ad%90%e4%b8%8e%e7%b1%bb%e9%87%8f%e5%ad%90%e7%90%86%e8%ae%ba%e4%b8%ad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=61424","title":{"rendered":"\u201c\u89c2\u6d4b\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\u4e0d\u53ef\u5ffd\u89c6\u201d\uff1a\u91cf\u5b50\u4e0e\u7c7b\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u4e92\u8865\u6027\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u53ca\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u77e2"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u672c\u6587\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\uff1a\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u89c2\u6d4b\u884c\u4e3a\u672c\u8eab\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u9020\u6210\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u5e72\u6270\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e72\u6270\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u6d88\u9664\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5b83\u4f7f\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u4e0e\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u6839\u672c\u533a\u522b\u5f00\u6765\u3002\u5c3c\u5c14\u65af\u00b7\u73bb\u5c14\u636e\u6b64\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u91cf\u5b50\u6d4b\u91cf\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u201c\u521b\u9020\u201d\u800c\u975e\u5bf9\u9884\u5b58\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u89e3\u91ca\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u201c\u4e92\u8865\u6027\u539f\u7406\u201d\u6765\u6269\u5c55\u7ecf\u5178\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u7684\u9002\u7528\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


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\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u201c\u91cf\u5b50\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b0\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u91cf\u5b50\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u5177\u6709\u6982\u7387\u6027\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u65e0\u5b9e\u5728\u8bba\u4e4b\u5b9e\u5728\u201d\uff08RWR\uff09\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u7ee7\u627f\u5e76\u62d3\u5c55\u4e86\u73bb\u5c14\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5438\u6536\u4e86\u5305\u62ec\u201cDirac \u516c\u8bbe\u201d\u5728\u5185\u7684\u989d\u5916\u8981\u7d20\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8fd8\u7ed3\u5408\u81ea\u8eab\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u7c7b\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u68b3\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5173\u952e\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5185\u5728\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u8d77\u7406\u89e3\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


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\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a\u4e92\u8865\u6027\uff08Complementarity,\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u6027(Causality )\uff0c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u77e2\uff08Arrow of event\uff09\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff08Quantum causality\uff09\uff0c\u7c7b\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\uff08Quantum-Like theories\uff09\uff0c\u65e0\u5b9e\u5728\u8bba\u4e4b\u5b9e\u5728\uff08Reality Without Realism, RWR\uff09<\/span>
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Arkady Plotnitsky\u4e28\u4f5c\u8005<\/span><\/span>
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\u8bba\u6587\u9898\u76ee\uff1a\u2018The agency of observation not to be neglected\u2019: complementarity, causality and the arrow of events in quantum and quantum-like theories <\/span><\/p>\n

\u8bba\u6587\u5730\u5740\uff1ahttps:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/10.1098\/rsta.2022.0295<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8bba\u6587\u6765\u6e90\uff1aThe Royal Society<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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1. \u5f15\u8a00<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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1. \u6b64\u5b9a\u4e49\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u9650\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6[1]\uff08\u7b2c37\u201338\u9875\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9650\u5b9a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u672c\u6587\u5e76\u4e0d\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u672c\u6587\u6240\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u6240\u6709\u73b0\u8c61\u90fd\u6d89\u53ca\u666e\u6717\u514b\u5e38\u6570h<\/span><\/span>\u3002\u5982\u679c\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u548c\u91cf\u5b50\u573a\u8bba\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48h<\/span><\/span>\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u666e\u6717\u514b\u5c3a\u5ea6\u2014\u2014\u81ea\u7136\u6700\u7ec8\u6784\u6210\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u6784\u6210\u4e2d\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

2. RWR\u53caRWR\u8be0\u91ca\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u66fe\u5728\u4f5c\u8005\u672c\u4eba\u5148\u524d\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fc7[1\u20134]\uff08\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8457\u4f5c\u4e5f\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u66f4\u65e9\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\uff09\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u5728\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5f15\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u732e\u3002\u672c\u6587\u6cbf\u7528\u4e86\u5176\u4e2d\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e9b\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u9610\u8ff0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e92\u8865\u6027\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3001\u65e0\u5b9e\u5728\u8bba\u7684\u5b9e\u5728\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u77e2\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

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    \n
  • \n

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  • \n

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    \n

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    \n

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    \u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u53ef\u7ea6\u5316\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8ba9\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u6982\u7387\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u4ece\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u7684\u6837\u5b50\uff0c\u4e5f\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u201c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5148\u540e\u987a\u5e8f\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n

    \u201c\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e0e\u73b0\u8c61\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u2014\u2014\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u5bf9\u539f\u672c\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u8f7b\u5fae\u6270\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u73b0\u8c61\u5f62\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u201d[6]\uff08\u53772\uff0c\u7b2c64\u9875\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    \u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    3. \u201c\u54e5\u672c\u54c8\u6839\u89e3\u91ca\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u79f0\u8c13\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u9650\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5b83\u7a76\u7adf\u6307\u7684\u662f\u8c01\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u672f\u8bed\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

    \n
    \n

    <\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
    <\/section>\n

    \u5728RWR\u8be0\u91ca\u4e2d\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u5e76\u4e0d\u8bd5\u56fe\u63cf\u8ff0\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u7269\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u5f3aRWR\u8be0\u91ca\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u63cf\u8ff0\u88ab\u5b8c\u5168\u6392\u9664\u5728\u5916\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8be0\u91ca\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u8fd8\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u7406\u8bba\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u63cf\u8ff0\u6216\u7406\u89e3\u91cf\u5b50\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e4b\u95f4\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u91cf\u5b50\u5b9e\u9a8c\u672c\u8eab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u91cf\u5b50\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6216\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u57fa\u672c\u89c2\u70b9\u79f0\u4e3a <\/span><\/span>Heisenberg<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u516c\u8bbe<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aW.Heisenberg \u6700\u65e9\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u4ed6\u6700\u521d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u6216\u8bb8\u53ef\u4ee5\u90e8\u5206\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73b0\u8c61\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u540e\u6765\u8f6c\u5411\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5e26\u6709\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u4e3b\u4e49\u503e\u5411\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5b9e\u5728\u8bba\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u6570\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u80fd\u591f\u63ed\u793a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0cHeisenberg \u4e5f\u6307\u51fa\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n

    \u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u89c2\u6d4b\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u6982\u5ff5\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u63ed\u793a\u73b0\u8c61\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u5b9e\u5728 [7]\uff08\u7b2c145\u2013189\u9875\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

    \u5728RWR\u8be0\u91ca\u4e2d\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u4e0d\u63cf\u8ff0\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73b0\u8c61\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73b0\u8c61\u662f\u7531\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u662f Bohr \u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u5176\u79f0\u4e3a<\/span><\/span>Bohr<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u516c\u8bbe<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u672c\u6587\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u56db\u6761\u57fa\u672c\u5047\u8bbe\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    • \n

      Heisenberg \u516c\u8bbe<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u63cf\u8ff0\u91cf\u5b50\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e4b\u95f4\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      Bohr \u516c\u8bbe<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      Dirac \u516c\u8bbe<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u91cf\u5b50\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4ec5\u5728\u6d4b\u91cf\u65f6\u624d\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      Born \u89c4\u5219\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f97\u51fa\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u6982\u7387\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u80fd\u7ed9\u51fa\u6982\u7387\u6027\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u91cd\u590d\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u4f9d\u8d56 <\/span><\/span>Born<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u89c4\u5219<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5c06\u6570\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u6d4b\u91cf\u7ed3\u679c\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u6982\u7387\u4e0e\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u6982\u7387\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u91cf\u5b50\u6982\u7387\u5177\u6709\u975e\u53ef\u52a0\u6027\uff1a\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u4e2a\u4e92\u65a5\u8def\u5f84\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u6574\u4f53\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u5404\u8def\u5f84\u6982\u7387\u4e4b\u548c\u3002\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u5982\u4f55\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u7387\uff1f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u70b9\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\u91cf\u5b50\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\uff1a\u590d\u6570\u57df<\/span><\/span>\"image.png\"<\/span><\/sub><\/span>\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\u3001\u975e\u4ea4\u6362\u8fd0\u7b97\u7684\u5f15\u5165\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span><\/span> Born <\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u89c4\u5219<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      \uff081\uff09\u6b64\u524d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u5b9e\u6570\u57df<\/span>R<\/span><\/span>\u7684\u6570\u5b66\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7ef4\u7684\u3002\u800c\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u5219\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u590d\u6570\u57dfC<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4e0a\u7684\u5e0c\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u7a7a\u95f4<\/span>\uff08\u4e00\u79cd\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u7a7a\u95f4\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7ef4\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u65e0\u9650\u7ef4\u3002\u6211\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u52a0\u4e0a\u201c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u9650\u5b9a\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u6216\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u590d\u6570<\/span>\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u5085\u91cc\u53f6\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u90a3\u53ea\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u5bf9\u5e94\u5b9e\u9645\u89c2\u6d4b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u90fd\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u5b9e\u6570<\/span>\uff08\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u662f\u53ef\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u6709\u7406\u6570\uff09<\/span>\u6765\u8868\u793a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u5fc5\u987b\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u628a\u5b83\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u4f53\u7cfb\u548c\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7b2c\uff083\uff09\u70b9\u6240\u8ff0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      \uff082\uff09\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u5e0c\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u53ca\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7b97\u7b26<\/span>\uff08\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u91cf\u201d\uff09<\/span>\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u975e\u5bf9\u6613\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u590d\u6570\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u91cf\uff0c\u4e0e\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u6216\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u91cf\u5747\u4ee5\u5b9e\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5bf9\u6613\u51fd\u6570\u8868\u793a\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u5f62\u6210\u9c9c\u660e\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u590d\u6570\u91cf\u5e76\u4e0d\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u5b9e\u5728\u7684\u8868\u5f81\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u7684\u5b9e\u6570\u91cf\u76f8\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7b2c\uff083\uff09\u70b9\u6240\u8ff0\u673a\u5236\u5efa\u7acb\u5173\u8054\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      \uff083\uff09<\/span><\/span>Born \u89c4\u5219<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u7406\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e von Neumann \u7684\u6295\u5f71\u516c\u7406\u6216 L\u00fcder \u516c\u7406\uff0c\u5b83\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u6240\u8c13\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u91cf\u5b50\u5e45\uff08quantum amplitudes\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08\u4e00\u79cd\u590d\u6570\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5e0c\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u7a7a\u95f4\u91cf\uff09<\/span>\u4e0e\u6982\u7387\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u6982\u7387\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4ee5\u5b9e\u6570\u8868\u793a\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span>Born \u89c4\u5219<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u590d\u6570\u7684\u6a21\u5e73\u65b9<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e\u5176\u590d\u5171\u8f6d\u76f8\u4e58\uff09<\/span>\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u6570\uff0c\u4ece\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u632f\u5e45\u9996\u5148\u4e0e\u6982\u7387\u5bc6\u5ea6\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      \u9700\u8981\u518d\u6b21\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u6982\u7387\u5177\u6709\u975e\u53ef\u52a0\u6027\uff1a\u5b83\u4eec\u9075\u5faa\u201c\u632f\u5e45\u76f8\u52a0\u201d\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u8def\u5f84\u6216\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6570\u632f\u5e45\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u632f\u5e45\u76f8\u52a0\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u901a\u8fc7<\/span><\/span> Born \u89c4\u5219<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u5b9e\u6570\u6982\u7387\u503c\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5148\u52a0\u632f\u5e45\uff0c\u518d\u53d6\u6a21\u5e73\u65b9\u3002\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5f53<\/span><\/span>\u03c8<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u662f\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u6ce2\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c<\/span><\/span>Born \u89c4\u5219<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u9884\u6d4b\u5728\u65f6\u95f4<\/span><\/span>\ud835\udc61<\/span><\/span>1<\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span>\u5bf9\u8be5\u7c92\u5b50\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u91cf\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5bc6\u5ea6\u51fd\u6570 <\/span><\/span>\"image.png\"<\/span><\/sub><\/span>\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u8be5\u5bc6\u5ea6\u51fd\u6570\u79ef\u5206\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u533a\u57df\u5185\u627e\u5230\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u6982\u7387\uff0c\u6216\u5728\u591a\u6b21\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u5206\u5e03\u3002[\u6ce8\u91ca4]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
      \n
      \n
      \n

      \u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      4. \u6982\u7387\u5bc6\u5ea6\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u968f\u673a\u53d8\u91cf\u843d\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u6982\u7387\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u53d6\u67d0\u4e2a\u5355\u4e00\u503c\u7684\u6982\u7387\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u7387\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u8be5\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u5bf9\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5bc6\u5ea6\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u79ef\u5206\u6765\u83b7\u5f97\u3002\u6982\u7387\u5bc6\u5ea6\u51fd\u6570\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\u90fd\u662f\u975e\u8d1f\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5b83\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u7684\u79ef\u5206\u7b49\u4e8e1\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

      \n
      \n

      <\/span><\/section>\n

      <\/span><\/section>\n

      <\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Born \u89c4\u5219<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u867d\u7136\u662f\u989d\u5916\u5f15\u5165\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f53\u7cfb\u56fa\u6709\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u590d\u6570\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u5e45\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5b9e\u6570\u6982\u7387\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u7a81\u7834\uff1a\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u91cf\u5b50\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c<\/span>\uff08\u7528\u5b9e\u6570\u8868\u793a\uff09<\/span>\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765,\u5e76\u4e14\u5b8c\u5168\u901a\u8fc7\u6982\u7387\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff1b\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5b83\u6839\u636e <\/span><\/span>Bohr \u516c\u8bbe<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5728\u5f3aRWR\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\u8fde\u63a5\u4e86\u91cf\u5b50\u4e16\u754c\u4e0e\u7ecf\u5178\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u5728\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed9\u51fa\u7406\u60f3\u7cbe\u786e\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u7cfb\u7edf\u591a\u4e48\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u63cf\u8ff0\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u53ea\u80fd\u57fa\u4e8e\u79bb\u6563\u73b0\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u6982\u7387\u9884\u6d4b\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u65e0\u4ece\u8c08\u8d77\uff1b\u6ca1\u6709 <\/span><\/span>Born<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u89c4\u5219<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      \u4e0a\u8ff0\u7279\u5f81\u5e76\u4e0d\u6392\u9664\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u79cd\u5173\u4e8e\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u5b9e\u5728\u8bba\u6216\u7ecf\u5178\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u6216\u5bf9\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9e\u5728\u8bba\u6216<\/span><\/span>\u7ecf\u5178\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u5b83\u6240\u6392\u9664\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u90a3\u79cd\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bba\u5f0f\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u2014\u2014\u5373\u80fd\u5bf9\u5355\u4e2a\u91cf\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u672a\u6765\u884c\u4e3a\u4f5c\u51fa\u7406\u60f3\u7cbe\u786e\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u89c2\u6d4b\u4eea\u5668\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u6784\u6210\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u53ef\u7ea6\u5316\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0cRWR\u8be0\u91ca\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bba\uff0c\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u5b9e\u5728\u8bba\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e5f\u6392\u9664\u4e86<\/span><\/span>\u7ecf\u5178\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u6bd4\u5355\u7eaf\u5426\u5b9a\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bba\u66f4\u4e3a\u6839\u672c\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u7406\u60f3\u7ecf\u5178\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u6307\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u82e5\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u72b6\u6001A<\/span><\/span>\u88ab\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u7136\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u672a\u6765\u6240\u6709\u72b6\u6001X<\/span><\/span>\u4e5f\u5c31\u968f\u4e4b\u88ab\u552f\u4e00\u786e\u5b9a\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bba\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u80fd\u5426\u4f5c\u51fa\u7cbe\u786e\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u800c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7ecf\u5178\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u8fd9\u79cd\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u7ecf\u5178\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u6216\u6df7\u6c8c\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      Bohr \u56e0\u6b64\u91c7\u7528\u4e86<\/span><\/span>\u201c\u73b0\u8c61\u201d\uff08phenomenon\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4e00\u8bcd\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u4e25\u683c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6d4b\u91cf\u4eea\u5668\u4e2d\u6240\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      \n

      \u6211\u4e3b\u5f20\u5c06\u201c<\/span><\/span>\u73b0\u8c61\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4e00\u8bcd\u4e25\u683c\u9650\u5b9a\u4e8e\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u6240\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u89c2\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u88c5\u7f6e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u89c2\u6d4b\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u89c2\u6d4b\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u660e\u786e\u65e0\u8bef\u7684\u9648\u8ff0\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\u5230\u8fbe\u7167\u76f8\u5e95\u7247\u4e0a\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8868\u8ff0\u6070\u80fd\u5f3a\u8c03\uff1a\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u7b26\u53f7\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u7269\u7406\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u672a\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4e2a\u522b\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9884\u6d4b\u8981\u4e48\u5177\u6709\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5177\u6709\u7edf\u8ba1\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73b0\u8c61\u672c\u8eab\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u5728\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u6982\u5ff5\u6240\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u663e\u73b0\u7684\u2014\u2014\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u4eea\u5668\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u90e8\u5206\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002[6]\uff08\u53772\uff0c\u7b2c64\u9875\uff1b\u7740\u91cd\u53f7\u4e3a\u539f\u6587\u6240\u52a0\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

      \u6839\u636e\u201c\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff3b\u5df2\u7ecf\uff3d\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u89c2\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u73b0\u8c61<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4ec5\u6307\u5df2\u53d1\u751f\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u51fa\u7406\u60f3\u4e0a\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u9884\u6d4b<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766-\u6ce2\u591a\u5c14\u65af\u57fa-\u7f57\u68ee\uff08EPR\uff09\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u9884\u6d4b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u6574\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bba\u6027\u9884\u6d4b\u3002 Bohr \u6301\u6b64\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u5728\u4e8e<\/span><\/span>\u4e92\u8865\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u4ed6\u6700\u7ec8\u786e\u7acb\u7684\u5f3aRWR\u8be0\u91ca\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      \u4f5c\u4e3a\u66f4\u5e7f\u4e49\u6982\u5ff5<\/span>\uff08\u65e0\u9700\u4f9d\u9644RWR\u8be0\u91ca\uff09<\/span>\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u4e92\u8865\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5305\u542b\u4e09\u8981\u7d20\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      (A) \u7279\u5b9a\u73b0\u8c61<\/span>\uff08phenomenon\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u5b9e\u4f53<\/span>\uff08entity\uff09<\/span>\u6216\u6982\u5ff5<\/span>\uff08concept\uff09<\/span>\u76f8\u4e92\u6392\u65a5\uff1b<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      (B) \u4f46\u4efb\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u5747\u53ef\u5355\u72ec\u8003\u5bdf\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u9879\uff1b<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      (C) \u8981\u5168\u9762\u7406\u89e3\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u7684\u6240\u6709\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6027\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u8003\u8651\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      \u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u52a8\u91cf\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u540c\u65f6\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u6392\u65a5\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/section>\n

      \u5176\u4e2dq<\/span><\/span>\u662f\u5750\u6807\uff0cp<\/span><\/span>\u662f\u76f8\u5e94\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u7684\u52a8\u91cf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5b9e\u7684\u3001\u4e0e\u7406\u8bba\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u4e5f\u5b8c\u5168\u7b26\u5408\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u52a8\u91cf\u7684\u7c97\u7565\u6d4b\u91cf\uff1b\u4f46\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8ffd\u6c42\u7cbe\u786e\u6d4b\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff1a\u8981\u4e48\u6d4b\u4f4d\u7f6eq<\/span><\/span>\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u6d4b\u52a8\u91cfp<\/span><\/span>\u3002\u5728 Bohr \u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u89e3\u91ca\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u53ea\u6709\u4e0e\u6240\u9009\u6d4b\u91cf\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u624d\u662f\u5b9a\u4e49\u660e\u786e\u7684\uff1a\u8981\u4e48\u7c92\u5b50\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u786e\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u786e\u5b9a\u52a8\u91cf\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8c\u8005\u4e0d\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b63\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u4e92\u8865\u6027\u539f\u5219\u4e2d\u7684\u6761\u4ef6 (A)\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u59cb\u7ec8\u62e5\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u81ea\u7531<\/span>\uff08\u81f3\u5c11\u5177\u5907\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u6267\u884c\u54ea\u4e00\u79cd\u6d4b\u91cf\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u7531\u53cd\u6620\u5728\u6761\u4ef6 (B) \u548c (C) \u4e2d\uff1a\u867d\u7136\u67d0\u4e9b\u73b0\u8c61\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e92\u65a5\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5206\u522b\u89c2\u5bdf\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u8f6e\u6d41\u8003\u5bdf\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u83b7\u5f97\u5bf9\u91cf\u5b50\u4e16\u754c\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002[\u6ce8\u91ca5]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
      \n
      \n
      \n

      \u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      5. <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u867d\u7136<\/span><\/span>\u4e92\u8865\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u6982\u5ff5\u5e38\u4e0e\u6ce2\u7c92\u4e8c\u8c61\u6027\u76f8\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u4f46\u5728 Bohr \u7684\u8be0\u91ca\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u5e76\u975e\u6838\u5fc3\u8bae\u9898\u3002\u9488\u5bf9\u91cf\u5b50\u5bf9\u8c61\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u73bb\u5c14\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u660e\u786e\u89e3\u7b54\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\u4f9d\u636e\u5176\u7ec8\u6781\u5f3aRWR\u8be0\u91ca\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u5bf9\u8c61\u65e2\u975e\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u4ea6\u975e\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u6ce2\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u7528\u5176\u4e2d\u4efb\u4e00\u79cd”\u56fe\u50cf”\u8fdb\u884c\u63cf\u8ff0\u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u6307\u6d89\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5e76\u975e\u91cf\u5b50\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u6d89\u53ca\u6d4b\u91cf\u4eea\u5668\u4e0e\u91cf\u5b50\u5bf9\u8c61\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e24\u7c7b\u4e0d\u540c\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6548\u5e94\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u7ecf\u5178\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1a\u7c92\u5b50\u7c7b\u6548\u5e94\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee5\u5355\u72ec\u6216\u96c6\u4f53\u5f62\u5f0f\u663e\u73b0\uff0c\u800c\u6ce2\u7c7b\u6548\u5e94\u5219\u5fc5\u7136\u4ee5\u96c6\u4f53\u5f62\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\u3002\u5728\u89c2\u6d4b\u6ce2\u7c7b\u56fe\u6837\u65f6\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u9700\u8981\u7d2f\u79ef\u7ea6\u5341\u4e07\u6b21\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8b\u4ef6\u65b9\u80fd\u663e\u73b0\u3002\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u8bc1\u53ef\u89c1\u4e8e\u53cc\u7f1d\u5b9e\u9a8c\u2014\u2014\u5f53\u53cc\u7f1d\u540c\u65f6\u5f00\u542f\u4e14\u7c92\u5b50\u8def\u5f84\u4e0d\u53ef\u8ffd\u8e2a\u65f6\uff0c\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u4f1a\u5bc6\u96c6\u51fa\u73b0\u79bb\u6563\u7684\u649e\u51fb\u75d5\u8ff9\u3002\u82e5\u6539\u53d8\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u5230\u79bb\u6563\u7684\u968f\u673a\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5e72\u6d89\u56fe\u6837\u3002\u4e24\u7c7b\u6548\u5e94\u867d\u5b58\u5728\u4e92\u8865\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u5176\u7edf\u8ba1\u89c4\u5f8b\u5747\u88ab\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u7cbe\u786e\u9884\u6d4b\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u53cd\u6620\u91cf\u5b50\u5bf9\u8c61\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u91cf\u5b50\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0e\u6d4b\u91cf\u88c5\u7f6e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

      \n
      \n

      <\/span><\/section>\n

      <\/span><\/section>\n

      <\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \u5728\u5f3aRWR\u8be0\u91ca\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u4e92\u8865\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u88ab\u4e25\u683c\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u7531\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u4eea\u5668\u4e2d\u6240\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u91cf\u5b50\u5bf9\u8c61\u201d\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u540e\u8005\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u80fd\u529b\u2014\u2014\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbe\u60f3\u6216\u8868\u5f81\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      \n

      “\u4e0d\u540c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7edf\u4e00\u5448\u73b0\u4e8e\u5355\u4e00\u56fe\u666f\u3002\u552f\u6709\u73b0\u8c61\u6574\u4f53\uff08\u5176\u4e2d\u90e8\u5206\u76f8\u4e92\u6392\u65a5\uff09\u80fd\u7a77\u5c3d\u5bf9\u8c61\u4fe1\u606f”\uff08\u7b2c2\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c40\u9875\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

      \u5728\u7ecf\u5178\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6574\u5408\u4e3a\u4e00\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6d4b\u91cf\u5e72\u6270\u53ef\u5ffd\u7565\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u540c\u4e00\u5b9e\u9a8c\u80fd\u660e\u786e\u754c\u5b9a\u7269\u7406\u91cf\uff0c\u5982\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u52a8\u91cf\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u6d4b\u91cf\u5e72\u6270\u4e0d\u53ef\u5ffd\u89c6\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
      • \n

        \u6bcf\u6b21\u5bf9\u91cf\u5b50\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\uff1b<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        \u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e0d\u517c\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u52a8\u91cf\u65e0\u6cd5\u540c\u65f6\u88ab\u7cbe\u786e\u6d4b\u91cf\uff1b<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        \u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u53d7\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u539f\u7406\u652f\u914d\uff0c\u5982<\/span><\/span>\u0394\ud835\udc5e\u0394\ud835\udc5d\u2245h<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1b<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        \u4e0d\u540c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u7ed3\u679c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4e92\u8865\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u6bcf\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u9762\uff1b<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        \u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73b0\u8c61\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e92\u65a5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u8f6e\u6d41\u89c2\u5bdf\u5b83\u4eec\u6765\u9010\u6b65\u903c\u8fd1\u5bf9\u91cf\u5b50\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u5f53\u5b8c\u6210\u6d4b\u91cf<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6d4b\u91cf\uff09<\/span>\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u83b7\u5f97\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6700\u5b8c\u6574\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f46\u65e0\u6cd5\u540c\u65f6\u83b7\u53d6\u52a8\u91cf\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u4e92\u8865\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8981\u83b7\u5f97\u540e\u8005\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e92\u8865\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u4e0d\u53ef\u884c\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6761\u4ef6 (B) \u7684\u201c\u9009\u62e9\u81ea\u7531\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u59cb\u7ec8\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u8fdb\u884c\u54ea\u79cd\u6d4b\u91cf\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u6d4b\u91cf\u786e\u7acb\u4e00\u79cd\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u540c\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f1a\u6784\u5efa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ece\u9884\u8bbe\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u6311\u9009\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6761\u4ef6 (B) \u548c (C) \u4e0e (A) \u540c\u6837\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5ffd\u89c6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bb9\u6613\u5bfc\u81f4\u5bf9 Bohr \u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u8bef\u89e3\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        Bohr \u7684<\/span><\/span>\u4e92\u8865\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u539f\u7406\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6d89\u53ca\u67d0\u4e9b\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u6392\u65a5\u6027\uff0c\u8fd8\u6d89\u53ca\u4eba\u7c7b\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u91cf\u5b50\u5b9e\u9a8c\u548c\u4f5c\u51fa\u9884\u6d4b\u65f6\u7684\u80fd\u52a8\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u76f8\u4e92\u6392\u65a5\u6027\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        \n

        \u9009\u62e9\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff08\u6216\u5145\u5206\u81ea\u7531\uff09\u7b26\u5408\u79d1\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u4ea6\u5982\u6b64[8]\uff08\u7b2c699\u9875\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

        \u5728\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u6216\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u9009\u62e9\u53ea\u662f\u4ece\u65e2\u5b9a\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u9009\u53d6\u7247\u6bb5\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u53d8\u91cf\u90fd\u53ef\u6309<\/span><\/span>\u7406\u60f3<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7ecf\u5178\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u786e\u5b9a\u3002\u800c\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\u5177\u6709\u6839\u672c\u610f\u4e49\uff1a\u5b83\u754c\u5b9a\u4e86\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u4e0e\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u67d0\u4e9b\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c38\u4e45\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u4e92\u8865\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u6839\u636e Schr\u00f6dinger \u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1a\u5728t\u2082\u65f6\u523b\u8fdb\u884c\u65b0\u6d4b\u91cfM\u2082\u65f6\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\uff08\u542b <\/span><\/span>Born \u89c4\u5219<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u6d4b\u91cf\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f1a\u50ac\u751f\u5168\u65b0\u201c\u671f\u671b\u6761\u76ee\u201d<\/span>\uff08expectation-catalog\uff09<\/span>[9]<\/span>\uff08\u7b2c154\u9875\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4e3a\u672a\u6765\u6d4b\u91cf\u5960\u5b9a\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u9700\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u91cd\u590d\u6d4b\u91cf\u540c\u4e00\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u65b0\u6d4b\u91cf\u4f5c\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4f7f\u5148\u524d\u6d4b\u91cfM\u2081<\/span>\uff08\u5728t\u2081\u65f6\u523b\u5b8c\u6210\u3001\u66fe\u9884\u6d4bM\u2082\u7ed3\u679c\uff09<\/span>\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u671f\u671b\u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u5728M\u2082\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u5f7b\u5e95\u5931\u6548\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n

        \u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        6. <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u89c2\u6d4b\u73b0\u8c61\u5173\u8054\u4eea\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u4e24\u7c7b\u4e92\u65a5\u79bb\u6563\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73b0\u8c61\u65e2\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u8fde\u7eed\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6307\u5411\u6700\u7ec8\u89e3\u91ca\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u5b9e\u5728\u3002\u4f46\u4f5c\u4e3aRWR\u578b\u5b9e\u5728\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ec8\u6781\u5b9e\u5728\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u89c6\u4f5c\u79bb\u6563\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

        \n
        \n

        <\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u5f0f\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u6846\u5b9a\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u8d70\u5411\uff0c\u4f46\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a7\u5236\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a7\u6027\u4f7f\u6d4b\u91cf\u5177\u6709\u5ba2\u89c2\u6027\u3002\u5173\u952e\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u201c\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u201d\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u53ef\u9009\u62e9<\/span><\/span>\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6539\u53d8\u672a\u6765\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u8f68\u8ff9\uff0c\u5373<\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\u5b83\u5e76\u975e\u5173\u4e8e\u73b0\u5b58\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6280\u672f\u624b\u6bb5\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5728\u6b64\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u5168\u65b0\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u5851\u9020\u672a\u6765\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8109\u7edc<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u8fd9\u4e0e<\/span><\/span>\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6309\u65e2\u5b9a\u8def\u7ebf\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u53ea\u51b3\u5b9a\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u54ea\u90e8\u5206\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        \u6211\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5f3a\u8c03\u201c\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u96be\u786e\u5207\u77e5\u9053\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u53eb\u201c\u8d85\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bba\u201d\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e00\u5207\u4ece\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u8d77\u5c31\u5df2\u6ce8\u5b9a[10]\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f7b\u5e95\u5426\u5b9a\u4eba\u7c7b\u5177\u5907\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ba4\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8be5\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0eRWR\u8be0\u91ca\u4e92\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u3002\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u201c\u51b3\u5b9a\u201d\u6bd4\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u201d\u66f4\u8d34\u5207\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u73b0\u5b9e\u548c\u672a\u6765\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7531\u521d\u59cb\u7269\u7406\u6761\u4ef6\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u8fd8\u53d7\u5b9e\u9a8c\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u6761\u4ef6\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u89c2\u6d4b\u5b9a\u4e49\u73b0\u5b9e\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u4e0e<\/span><\/span>\u4e92\u8865\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u539f\u7406\u5171\u540c\u8d77\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5728EPR\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3001\u8d1d\u5c14\u5b9a\u7406\u53ca\u5176\u5b83\u76f8\u5173\u5b9a\u7406\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        \u672c\u6587\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u8be0\u91ca\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u5165 <\/span><\/span>Dirac<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u516c\u8bbe<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08\u6587\u732e[4]\u5df2\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u4e5f\u88ab[1-3]\u4f7f\u7528\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u70b9\uff1a\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u5b9e\u5728<\/span>\uff08RWR\u578b\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u4eba\u7c7b\u662f\u5426\u89c2\u6d4b\u3002\u73bb\u5c14\u7684\u8be0\u91ca\u548c\u672c\u6587\u7684\u8be0\u91ca\u90fd\u540c\u610f\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u533a\u522b\uff1a\u73bb\u5c14\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7535\u5b50\u3001\u5149\u5b50\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b9e\u5728\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u800c\u672c\u6587\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u91cf\u5b50\u5bf9\u8c61\u201d\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u6d4b\u91cf\u65f6\u624d\u9002\u7528\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u5316\u5efa\u6784\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f <\/span><\/span>Dirac<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u516c\u8bbe<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        \u672c\u6587\u7684\u89e3\u91ca<\/span>\uff08\u4e0e Bohr \u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u81f4\uff09<\/span>\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u7ec8\u6781RWR\u578b\u5b9e\u5728\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u8bbe\u60f3\u4e3a\u7edf\u4e00\u6216\u5747\u8d28\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5f3aRWR\u8be0\u91ca\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u5bf9\u5176\u201c\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\u201d\u6216\u201c\u591a\u91cd\u6027\u201d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u8bbe\u60f3\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b9e\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u6548\u5e94\u663e\u73b0\u65f6\u2014\u2014\u6839\u636e <\/span><\/span>Dirac \u516c\u8bbe<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u91cf\u5b50\u5bf9\u8c61\u2014\u2014\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u90fd\u662f\u72ec\u7279\u4e14\u4e0d\u53ef\u590d\u5236\u7684\u3002\u5b9e\u9a8c\u88c5\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\u642d\u5efa\uff0c\u4f46\u6bcf\u6b21\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5374\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u7ecf\u5178\u6216\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\u4e14\u7cbe\u786e\u53ef\u6d4b\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6761\u4ef6\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u6761\u4ef6\u76f8\u540c\u201d\u6307\u7684\u662f\u6d4b\u91cf\u4eea\u5668\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\u8bbe\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u672c\u8eab\u5374\u4e0d\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        \u5728\u63a5\u53d7<\/span><\/span> Dirac<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u516c\u8bbe<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u5426\u8bf4\u5728\u591a\u6b21\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e2d\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u662f\u201c\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\u201d\uff1f\u6bcf\u6b21\u6d4b\u91cf\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u8d28\u91cf\u3001\u7535\u8377\u548c\u81ea\u65cb\u7684\u7535\u5b50\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c5e\u6027\u662f\u7531\u6d4b\u91cf\u88c5\u7f6e\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u4e25\u683c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u201c\u7535\u5b50\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u53ea\u5728\u6d4b\u91cf\u65f6\u523b\u624d\u6709\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u6d4b\u91cf\u5c31\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u5bf9\u8c61\u2014\u2014\u6bd4\u5982\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u3002\u5728\u4f4e\u80fd\u7269\u7406\u4e2d<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u8303\u56f4\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u60f3\u5316\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3a\u591a\u6b21\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e2d\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u662f\u201c\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u201d\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u79cd\u5904\u7406\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u7edf\u8ba1\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u6d4b\u91cf\u53ef\u80fd\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u9ad8\u80fd\u7269\u7406<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u91cf\u5b50\u573a\u8bba\u8303\u56f4\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\uff0c\u8c08\u8bba\u201c\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\u201d\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u7535\u52a8\u529b\u5b66<\/span>\uff08QED\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6d4b\u91cf\u53ef\u80fd\u8bb0\u5f55\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u6d4b\u91cf\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u5230\u6b63\u7535\u5b50\u6216\u5149\u5b50[1]<\/span>\uff08\u7b2c279\u2013292\u9875\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u6700\u65e9\u7531 Dirac \u65b9\u7a0b\u63ed\u793a\uff0c\u8868\u660e<\/span><\/span> Dirac<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u516c\u8bbe<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9ad8\u80fd\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4f4e\u80fd\u91cf\u5b50\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u8bba\u8bc1\u5c06\u5728\u540e\u6587\u5c55\u5f00[3]\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        \u5728\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u6d4b\u91cf\u201d\u548c\u201c<\/span><\/span>\u56e0\u679c\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u201d\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u7684RWR\u8be0\u91ca\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0d\u518d\u9002\u7528\u3002\u6839\u636e Bohr \u53ca\u5f53\u524d\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e0d\u662f\u63a2\u6d4b\u4e8b\u5148\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c5e\u6027\u5728\u89c2\u6d4b\u524d\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4e00\u6b21\u89c2\u6d4b\u901a\u8fc7\u4eea\u5668\u4e0e\u91cf\u5b50\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4ea7\u751f\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u672c\u6587\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u201c\u91cf\u5b50\u5bf9\u8c61\u201d\u53ea\u5728\u89c2\u6d4b\u65f6\u624d\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u89c2\u6d4b\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u6d4b\u91cf\u53ea\u662f\u7528\u7ecf\u5178\u65b9\u5f0f\u8bb0\u5f55\u4eea\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u679c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u91cf\u5b50\u5bf9\u8c61\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u6d4b\u91cf\u4eea\u5668\u65e2\u6709\u53ef\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u4e0e\u91cf\u5b50\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e92\u52a8\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e92\u52a8\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u89c2\u6d4b\u6216\u660e\u786e\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5728RWR\u8be0\u91ca\u4e2d\u5c24\u5176\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        \u91cf\u5b50\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e<\/span><\/span>\u4e92\u8865\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u5f81\u2014\u2014\u67d0\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u6b21\u5e8f\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ea4\u6362\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u52a8\u91cfP<\/span><\/span>\u4e0e\u5750\u6807Q<\/span><\/span>\u6d4b\u91cf\u6240\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u6ee1\u8db3\u5982\u4e0b\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        <\/section>\n

        \u8fd9\u8868\u660e <\/span><\/span>PQ\u2260QP<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff0c\u5373\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ea4\u6362\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4e58\u79ef\u4e4b\u5dee\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e3a\u96f6\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u975e\u5bf9\u6613\u6027\u4e5f\u4e0e\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u5173\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        <\/section>\n

        q\u662f\u5750\u6807\uff0cp<\/span><\/span>\u662f\u76f8\u5e94\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u7684\u52a8\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        \u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u88ab\u5b9e\u9a8c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u8bc1\u5b9e\u3002\u6839\u636e Bohr \u53ca\u4e3b\u6d41\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u540c\u65f6\u7cbe\u786e\u6d4b\u91cf\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u52a8\u91cf\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u540c\u65f6\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b83\u4eec\u3002\u6539\u53d8\u6d4b\u91cf\u987a\u5e8f\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u540c\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u672c\u6587\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a\u6bcf\u6b21\u91cf\u5b50\u6d4b\u91cf\u90fd\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u987a\u5e8f\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5148\u6d4b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u518d\u6d4b\u52a8\u91cf\u4e0e\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u6d4b\uff0c\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e24\u7ec4\u6d4b\u91cf\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\u5e76\u6d89\u53ca\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u521d\u59cb\u51c6\u5907\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u65f6\u95f4<\/span><\/span>t<\/span><\/span>01<\/span><\/sub><\/span>\uff09\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u65f6\u95f4<\/span><\/span>t<\/span><\/span>11<\/span><\/sub><\/span>\u8fdb\u884c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6d4b\u91cf<\/span><\/span>M<\/span><\/span>1Q<\/span><\/sub><\/span>\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728<\/span><\/span>t<\/span><\/span>21<\/span><\/sub><\/span>\u8fdb\u884c\u52a8\u91cf\u6d4b\u91cf<\/span><\/span>M<\/span><\/span>2P<\/span><\/sub><\/span>\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u7ec4\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4eea\u5668\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff08\u65f6\u95f4<\/span><\/span>t<\/span><\/span>02<\/span><\/sub><\/span>\uff09\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u5148\u5728<\/span><\/span>t<\/span><\/span>12<\/span><\/sub><\/span>\u6d4b\u52a8\u91cf <\/span><\/span>M<\/span><\/span>1P<\/span><\/sub><\/span>\uff0c\u518d\u5728<\/span><\/span>t<\/span><\/span>22<\/span><\/sub><\/span>\u6d4b\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/span><\/span>M<\/span><\/span>2Q<\/span><\/sub><\/span>\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u786e\u5b9e\u4f1a\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4f46\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u901a\u8fc7\u53cc\u91cd\u7d22\u5f15\u6240\u4f53\u73b0\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u7ec4\u6d4b\u91cf\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u533a\u95f4\uff08\u5982<\/span><\/span>t<\/span><\/span>11<\/span><\/sub>\u2212t<\/span><\/span>01<\/span><\/sub>=t<\/span><\/span>21<\/span><\/sub>\u2212t<\/span><\/span>11<\/span><\/sub>=\u2026<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cf\u5b50\u5bf9\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u91cf\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u8c03\u6362\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u7b2c \u00a74 \u8282\u6240\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u5bf9\u4e8e<\/span><\/span>\u7c7b\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        \u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u6307\uff1a\u5f53\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u72b6\u6001A<\/span><\/span>\u88ab\u786e\u5b9a\u65f6\uff0c\u4f9d\u636e\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u5176\u672a\u6765\u6240\u6709\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u72b6\u6001X<\/span><\/span>\u90fd\u5c06\u88ab\u786e\u5b9a\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u72b6\u6001A<\/span><\/span>\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u7531\u540c\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f8b\u6839\u636e\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fc7\u5f80\u4efb\u4e00\u72b6\u6001\u63a8\u5bfc\u800c\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u9884\u8bbe\u6697\u542b\u7740\u5bf9\u5b9e\u5728\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b9e\u5728\u89c2\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u6210\u4e3a\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u6784\u6210\u8981\u7d20\u3002\u4f46\u5728RWR\u8be0\u91ca\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd<\/span><\/span>\u56e0\u679c\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5df2\u4e0d\u518d\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u6761\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u6982\u7387\u8fdb\u884c\u9884\u6d4b\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u5185\u5728\u968f\u673a\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u638c\u63e1\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u591f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u81ea\u7136\u672c\u8eab\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u7684\u6781\u9650\u7531\u666e\u6717\u514b\u5e38\u91cfh<\/span><\/span>\u8bbe\u5b9a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u7cfb\u7edf\u591a\u4e48\u57fa\u672c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u53ea\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u6982\u7387\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u50cf\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u90a3\u6837\u628a\u6982\u7387\u5f53\u4f5c\u6743\u5b9c\u4e4b\u8ba1\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u5728\u8bd5\u56fe\u4fdd\u7559<\/span><\/span>\u56e0\u679c\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u8be0\u91ca<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u73bb\u59c6\u529b\u5b66\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u501f\u52a9\u6982\u7387\u6765\u4f5c\u51fa\u9884\u6d4b\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        \u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u6392\u9664\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u80cc\u540e\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728<\/span><\/span>\u7406\u60f3\u7ecf\u5178\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u5b9e\u5728\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5728RWR\u8be0\u91ca\u4e2d\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u5e76\u4e0d\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u8ba4\u4e3a\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u80fd\u63cf\u8ff0\u6216\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65e0\u6cd5\u50cf\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u90a3\u6837\u901a\u8fc7\u5c40\u90e8\u6982\u5ff5\u5efa\u7acb\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u8be0\u91ca\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6982\u7387\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u8db3\u6216\u7cfb\u7edf\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u56fa\u6709\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u6839\u672c\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u6743\u5b9c\u4e4b\u8ba1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e Bohr \u6240\u8ff0\u201c\u7528\u7edf\u8ba1\u624b\u6bb5\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u673a\u68b0\u7cfb\u7edf\u7279\u6027\u201d\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5[6]<\/span>\uff08\u53772\uff0c\u987534\uff09<\/span>\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5176\u5dee\u5f02\u6e90\u4e8e<\/span><\/span>\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u72ec\u7279\u672c\u8d28\u53ca\u5176\u4f34\u751f\u7684\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6216\u968f\u673a\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/span>[\u6ce8\u91ca<\/span><\/span><\/strong>6]<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5728\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4f7f\u7528\u6982\u7387\uff0c\u5e95\u5c42\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4ecd\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u7cfb\u7edf\u591a\u4e48\u57fa\u672c\uff0c\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u9884\u6d4b\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n

        \u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        7. \u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u4e0e\u968f\u673a\u6027\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u88ab\u533a\u5206\u3002\u533a\u5206\u6807\u51c6\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u524d\u8005\u5141\u8bb8\u6982\u7387\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u57fa\u4e8e\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1b\u540e\u8005\u5219\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u672c\u6587\u91c7\u7528\u540e\u8005\u7684\u754c\u5b9a\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4f7f\u7528”\u968f\u673a\u6027”\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8bba\u8bc1\u5728\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\u90fd\u6210\u7acb\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

        \n
        \n

        <\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        <\/section>\n

        \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u201c\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u201d\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u968f\u673a\u6027\u201d\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373\u5f53\u4e8b\u4ef6\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u4efb\u4f55\u6982\u7387\u65f6\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u7684\u9884\u671f\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u65e2\u5b9a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u6027\u8d28\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u7406\u89e3\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        1. \u5047\u8bbe\u5b58\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u56e0\u679c\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u63a5\u89e6\u6216\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u5728\u7ecf\u5178\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u6216\u6df7\u6c8c\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\uff09<\/span>\uff1b<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        2. \u4e0d\u5047\u8bbe\u4efb\u4f55\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        \u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u7ecf\u5178\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u6216\u6df7\u6c8c\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u67d0\u4e9b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u590d\u6742\u5230\u4e0d\u53ef\u8ba1\u7b97<\/span>\uff08\u5982 Kolmogorov \u590d\u6742\u6027\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u53ef\u5047\u8bbe\u5b83\u4eec\u6709\u67d0\u79cd\u786e\u5b9a\u4f46\u65e0\u6cd5\u8ffd\u8e2a\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u5219\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u91cf\u5b50\u573a\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u5728RWR\u8be0\u91ca\u4e0b\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u53d8\u5f97\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u4e0d\u53ef\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u65e0\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u518d\u5047\u8bbe\u5b58\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u786e\u5b9a\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u54ea\u6015\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u8ffd\u8e2a\u7684\uff09<\/span>\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u975e\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u4e5f\u96be\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u57fa\u4e8e\u6709\u9650\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u7406\u60f3\u7ecf\u5178\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u7ea6\u5316\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e25\u683c\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u968f\u673a\u6027\u201d\u3002\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u4e2d\u8fd8\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u5982EPR\u5173\u8054\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u5728\u7ecf\u5178\u73b0\u8c61\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u7eaf\u91cf\u5b50\u7684\u3002\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u6d4b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76f8\u5173\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5728RWR\u8be0\u91ca\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u89e3\u91ca\u5177\u4f53\u89c2\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u751f\u6210\u7684 [1]<\/span>\uff08\u7b2c253\u2013256\u9875\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>[\u6ce8\u91ca7]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c Bohr \u53ea\u5c06\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u4e0e\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u672a\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u9884\u6d4b\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6982\u7387\u4e3a1\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cfQ<\/span><\/span>\u7684\u9884\u6d4b<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u4f4d\u7f6eq<\/span><\/span>\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u50cf\u5728\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u88ab\u672a\u6765\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u6240\u786e\u8ba4\u3002\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u8bf4\uff1a\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u65f6\u95f4<\/span><\/span>t<\/span><\/span>0<\/span><\/sub><\/span>\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e86\u5750\u6807q<\/span><\/span>\uff08\u7406\u60f3\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6839\u636e\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u9884\u6d4b\u5728\u7a0d\u540e\u7684\u65f6\u95f4<\/span><\/span>t<\/span><\/span>1<\/span><\/sub><\/span>\uff0cq<\/span><\/span>\u5c06\u4ee5\u67d0\u4e00\u6982\u7387<\/span>\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6982\u7387 1\uff09<\/span>\u53d6\u67d0\u4e2a\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e4b\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u771f\u7684\u5728 <\/span><\/span>t<\/span><\/span>1<\/span><\/sub><\/span> \u6d4b\u91cf\u4e86q<\/span><\/span>\uff0c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e0a\u786e\u5b9e\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9884\u6d4b\u503c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e92\u8865\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u2014\u2014\u6bd4\u5982\u6d4b\u91cf\u52a8\u91cfp<\/span><\/span>\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7Q<\/span><\/span>\uff08\u5373q<\/span><\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u6240\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u503c\u90fd\u5c06\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u518d\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u5750\u6807q<\/span><\/span>\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b9e\u5728\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u6d4b\u91cf\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765 [1]<\/span>\uff08\u7b2c210\u2013212\u9875\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u5b9a\u4e49\u6240\u6709\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002\u800c\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u73b0\u8c61\u603b\u662f\u7531\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0e\u4eea\u5668\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u89c2\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b80\u5355\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8c61\u672c\u8eab\u2014\u2014\u65e0\u8bba\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n

        \u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        8. \u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u786e\u8ba4\u770b\u4f3c\u968f\u673a\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5e8f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u771f\u6b63\u968f\u673a\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u7531\u7ecf\u5178\u56e0\u679c\u5f8b\u6240\u8fde\u7ed3\u3002\u4ece\u6570\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bc1\u660e\u4efb\u4f55”\u968f\u673a”\u5e8f\u5217\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u968f\u673a\u6027\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5f53\u6d89\u53ca\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5e8f\u5217\u65f6\uff0c\u6982\u7387\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u5219\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4ecd\u4e0d\u80fd\u6392\u9664\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5e8f\u5217\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4ecd\u53d7\u7ecf\u5178\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u8054\u7684\u652f\u914d\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u524d\u6587\u6240\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\uff0c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u4ec5\u4ec5\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bba\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

        \n
        \n

        <\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n

        <\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \n
        <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
        \n

        3. \u4f5c\u4e3a\u6982\u7387\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff1a\u91cf\u5b50\u56e0\u679c\u4e0e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u77e2<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

        \n

        <\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        Bohr \u5728\u51761958\u5e74\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u56e0\u679c\u4e0e\u4e92\u8865\u300b[6]<\/span>\uff08\u53773\uff0c1-7\u9875\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u9610\u91ca\u4e2d\uff0c\u9996\u6b21\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u89c2\uff0c\u4e0e\u4ed6\u5148\u524d\u6240\u6307\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u7406\u60f3\u7ecf\u5178\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5f62\u6210\u9c9c\u660e\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        \n

        \u201c\u867d\u7136\u5b9e\u9a8c\u88c5\u7f6e\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u539f\u5b50\u5bf9\u8c61\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u6027\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u56e0\u679c\u5e8f\u5217\u6ee1\u8db3\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4f46\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bba\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u5f7b\u5e95\u653e\u5f03\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e92\u8865\u5173\u7cfb\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u663e\u8457\u4f53\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5173\u7cfb\u5236\u7ea6\u7740\u57fa\u7840\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u660e\u786e\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u63cf\u8ff0\u6b63\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u7ec4\u5408\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u201d[6]\uff08\u53773\uff0c4-5\u9875\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

        \u8fd9\u4e0e Bohr \u5148\u524d\u6240\u547c\u5401\u7684\u653e\u5f03<\/span><\/span>\u7406\u60f3\u7ecf\u5178\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u91cc\u6240\u8bf4\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u56e0\u679c\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7ecf\u5178\u7684 [11]<\/span>\uff08\u7b2c83\u9875\uff09<\/span>\uff1b[6]<\/span>\uff08\u7b2c2\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c41\u9875\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6b64\u5904\u7684\u201c\u653e\u5f03\u201d\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u201c\u5bf9\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bba\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u5f7b\u5e95\u629b\u5f03\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7406\u60f3\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u56de\u4e8b\uff0c\u5728\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bba\u4e0e<\/span><\/span>\u7ecf\u5178\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u662f\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684\u3002 Bohr \u63d0\u5230\u8981\u201c\u786e\u4fdd\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5e8f\u5217\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e<\/span><\/span>\u4e92\u8865\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u660e\u786e\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u56e0\u679c\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c Bohr \u65e9\u5148\u79f0<\/span><\/span>\u4e92\u8865\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4e3a\u201c\u5bf9<\/span><\/span>\u7406\u60f3\u7ecf\u5178\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u63a8\u5e7f\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u4ece\u672a\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u79cd\u63a8\u5e7f\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u542b\u4e49[11]<\/span>\uff08\u7b2c83\u9875\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c Bohr \u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5df2\u7ecf\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4f5c\u51fa\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b9a\u4e49\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8981\u7d20\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        \u91cf\u5b50\u56e0\u679c\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6982\u7387\u6027\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u518d\u5305\u542b Bohr \u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u539f\u56e0\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u201c\u7ed3\u679c\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5b83\u7531\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u5e76\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5177\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u65b9\u5411\u6027\uff08<\/span><\/span>\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u77e2<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff09\u3002\u8be5\u6982\u5ff5\u6e90\u4e8e Heisenberg\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u53d1\u73b0\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u524d\u66fe\u6307\u51fa\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        \n

        \u201c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u6211\u771f\u6b63\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u771f\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u539f\u5b50\u4e0e\u5916\u90e8\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6240\u6709\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u2026\u2026\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e3a\u8dc3\u8fc1\u6982\u7387\u3002\u201d\uff08Heisenberg\uff0c\u81f4\u514b\u52d2\u5c3c\u683c\u7684\u4fe1\uff0c1925\u5e746\u67085\u65e5\uff1b\u5f15\u81ea [13]\uff0c\u7b2c2\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c242\u9875\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

        \u201c\u539f\u5b50\u4e0e\u5916\u90e8\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u201d\u8868\u660e\uff1a\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53ea\u662f\u4ee5\u6982\u7387\u65b9\u5f0f\u9884\u6d4b\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u5728\u6d4b\u91cf\u4eea\u5668\u4e2d\u6240\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u540e\u6765\u88ab Bohr \u91c7\u7eb3\u5e76\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u201d\u53d6\u4ee3\u7ecf\u5178\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u6d4b\u91cf\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73b0\u8c61\u53ef\u7528\u7ecf\u5178\u8bed\u8a00\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u5728\u6d4b\u91cf\u91cf\u5b50\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u9884\u5b58\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u91cf\u5b50\u56e0\u679c\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u6b63\u662f\u7528\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u89c2\u6d4b\u6216\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u8dc3\u8fc1\u7684\u6982\u7387\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u5b83\u5c06\u67d0\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u6d4b\u91cf<\/span><\/span>A<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4e0e\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u672a\u6765\u6d4b\u91cf\u76f8\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u62b9\u53bb\u5728A<\/span><\/span>\u4e4b\u524d\u6240\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6d4b\u91cf\u5728\u9884\u6d4b\u672a\u6765\u6d4b\u91cf\u65f6\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5f3a\u5316\u4e86<\/span><\/span>\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u77e2<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        \u6211\u9996\u5148\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u4e00\u822c\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u6982\u7387\u56e0\u679c\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u4e8b\u4ef6A<\/span><\/span>\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u9884\u6d4b\u54ea\u4e9b\u672a\u6765\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u6982\u7387\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u4f46\u4e0e<\/span><\/span>\u7ecf\u5178\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u5e76\u4e0d\u5047\u8bbe\u5176\u4e2d\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5fc5\u7136\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u5916\u90e8\u5e72\u6270\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u963b\u6b62\u9884\u6d4b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u53d1\u751f\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e8b\u4ef6A<\/span><\/span>\u5728\u65f6\u95f4<\/span><\/span>\ud835\udc61<\/span><\/span>0<\/span><\/sub><\/span>\u53d1\u751f\u540e\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u7ec4\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3001\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u672a\u6765\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u65f6\u95f4<\/span><\/span>\ud835\udc61<\/span><\/span>1<\/span><\/sub><\/span>\u53d1\u751f\u7684<\/span><\/span>\ud835\udc4b<\/span><\/span>1<\/span><\/sub><\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5b83\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6392\u9664\u67d0\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u5728<\/span><\/span>\u91cf\u5b50\u56e0\u679c\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e8b\u4ef6A<\/span><\/span>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c2\u6d4b\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u662f\u5bf9\u5176\u6240\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\uff08\u5305\u62ec <\/span><\/span>Born \u89c4\u5219<\/span><\/span><\/strong> \uff09\u6240\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u4e3a\u672a\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u671f\u671b\u76ee\u5f55\u201d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e25\u683c\u6392\u9664\u5f62\u6210\u4e92\u8865\u7684\u671f\u671b\u76ee\u5f55\u3002A<\/span><\/span>\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u672a\u6765\u65f6\u523b<\/span><\/span>\ud835\udc61<\/span><\/span>n<\/span><\/sub><\/span>\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/span><\/span>\ud835\udc4b<\/span><\/span>n<\/span><\/sub><\/span>\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4f18\u5148\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c40\u90e8\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u77e2<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u65b0\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/span><\/span>\ud835\udc34<\/span><\/span>new<\/span><\/sub><\/span>\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5b83\u91cd\u65b0\u4e0e\u5bfc\u81f4\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u5b9e\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u62b9\u53bb\u6240\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u5728 <\/span><\/span>\ud835\udc34<\/span><\/span>new<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/span>\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e0e\u7531<\/span><\/span>\ud835\udc34<\/span><\/span>new<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/span>\u6240\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u672a\u6765\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7269\u7406\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u62b9\u9664\u201d\u673a\u5236\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86<\/span><\/span>\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u77e2<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u7c7b\u9884\u6d4b\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u91cf\u5b50\u975e\u5b9a\u57df\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5bf9\u201c\u8fdc\u5904\u4e8b\u4ef6\u201d\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\uff1b\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u9075\u5b88\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u79f0\u4e3a\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u5b9a\u57df\u6027\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5373\u7981\u6b62\u8d85\u8ddd\u4f5c\u7528<\/span>\uff08\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u975e\u5b9a\u57df\u6027\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0e\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u662f\u76f8\u5bb9\u7684 [1]<\/span>\uff08\u7b2c347\u2013253\u9875\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u5728\u65f6\u95f4<\/span><\/span>\ud835\udc61<\/span><\/span>1<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/span>\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u603b\u662f\u62e5\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6216\u81f3\u5c11\u8db3\u591f\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u6743\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u66ff\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u3001\u7279\u522b\u662f<\/span><\/span>\u4e92\u8865\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u786e\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6Y<\/span><\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u539f\u5148\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6X<\/span><\/span>\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u2014\u2014\u5373\u4fbf\u8be5\u9884\u6d4b\u662f\u4ee5\u6982\u7387\u4e3a1\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u8fd9\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e00\u51b3\u5b9a\u672a\u5fc5\u5b8c\u5168\u51fa\u4e8e\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u6b64\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e00\u53ef\u80fd\u672a\u6765\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u5883\u3002\u552f\u6709\u4e8b\u4ef6A<\/span><\/span>\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u5148\u4e8eX<\/span><\/span>\u6216Y<\/span><\/span>\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u65e0\u7591\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f<\/span><\/span>\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u77e2<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u6240\u4f53\u73b0\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u91cf\u5b50\u56e0\u679c\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u4e92\u52a8\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u2014\u2014\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u8c61\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e92\u52a8\u201c\u521b\u9020\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u63ed\u793a\u67d0\u4e2a\u9884\u5148\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u6216\u7ecf\u5178\u5b9e\u5728\u3002\u5b83\u6307\u5411\u672a\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u6982\u7387\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9884\u6d4b\u57fa\u4e8e\u5df2\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e86\u89e3\u4e0d\u591f\u3002\u4f46\u4f7f\u7528\u6982\u7387\u5e76\u975e\u6e90\u4e8e\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u81ea\u7136\u672c\u8d28\u53ca\u6280\u672f\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u7279\u6027\u6240\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        <\/section>\n

        \u4e0a\u8ff0<\/span><\/span>\u91cf\u5b50\u56e0\u679c\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u6982\u5ff5\u4e3a Bohr\u5c06<\/span><\/span>\u4e92\u8865\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u89c6\u4e3a\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u63a8\u5e7f\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5177\u4f53\u542b\u4e49[6]<\/span>\uff08\u7b2c2\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c41\u9875\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u8fd9\u662f\u5426\u662f Bohr\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u786e\u5207\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e0e\u4ed6\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u89c2\u70b9\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\uff0c\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u65e6\u9009\u62e9\u5e76\u5b9e\u65bd\u67d0\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u5c31\u53ea\u80fd\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u505a\u51fa\u6982\u7387\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u5e76\u6392\u9664\u5176\u4ed6\u4e92\u8865\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u3002\u6b63\u56e0\u5982\u6b64\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u4e92\u8865\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u53ef\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5bf9<\/span><\/span>\u56e0\u679c\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u63a8\u5e7f\uff1a\u5b83\u9650\u5b9a\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4ee5\u6982\u7387\u65b9\u5f0f\u88ab\u9884\u6d4b\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u4fe1\u606f\u9886\u57df\u4e5f\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u6982\u7387\u6027\u56e0\u679c\u6a21\u578b[14\u201316]\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u5927\u591a\u672a\u660e\u786e\u5c06\u5176\u4e0e<\/span><\/span>\u4e92\u8865\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765[1]<\/span>\uff08\u7b2c207\u2013219\u9875\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>[\u6ce8\u91ca8]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        \u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u77e2<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u53ea\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u4e92\u52a8\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5f15\u53d1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u5b9e\u5728\u91cc\uff1f\u8fd9\u7c7b\u89c2\u70b9\u867d\u66fe\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u4f46\u5728RWR\u8be0\u91ca\u4e0b\u5e76\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u3002RWR\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e2a\u7ec8\u6781\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u8bbe\u60f3\u6216\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5173\u4e8e\u5b83\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6027\u3001\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6027\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u90fd\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u5728RWR\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u8c08\u8bba\u7531\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e92\u52a8\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u65f6\u5e8f\u5173\u7cfb\u2014\u2014\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u73b0\u5728\u6307\u5411\u672a\u6765\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u6b63\u56e0\u5982\u6b64\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u77e2<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u6210\u4e3a\u5fc5\u7136\uff0c\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u7c7b\u4ecb\u5165\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u672c\u8eab\u65e2\u6ca1\u6709\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u6027\u6216\u975e\u65f6\u95f4\u6027\u3002\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u4e92\u52a8\u624d\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u201d\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n

        \u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        9. \u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6216\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u6982\u7387\u6027\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u548c\u91cf\u5b50\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u5176\u6e0a\u6e90\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e Heisenberg \u548c Bohr \u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u91cf\u5b50\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u524d\u8005\u4f4d\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u8005\u5219\u5904\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u65f6\u523b\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e89\u8bba\u8bf4\uff0c\u81ea\u4ece\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u8bde\u751f\u4e4b\u521d\uff0c\u5bf9\u5176\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u5c31\u4e00\u76f4\u7b3c\u7f69\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u6216\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u7684\u9634\u5f71\u4e4b\u4e0b\u2014\u2014\u5373\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u7ecf\u5178\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u4ecd\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7c7b\u4f3c\u56e0\u679c\u8054\u7cfb\u6216\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8054\u7cfb\u662f\u6982\u7387\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u968f\u673a\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        \u5728\u5851\u9020\u8fd9\u79cd\u601d\u60f3\u8c31\u7cfb\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u7279\u522b\u91cd\u8981\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          \n
        • \n

          Bohr \u5728\u51761927\u5e74\u7684\u79d1\u83ab\u6f14\u8bb2\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u534f\u8c03\u4e92\u8865\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u7ecf\u5178\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\uff08\u867d\u7136\u4ed6\u5f88\u5feb\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u4ece\u57fa\u56e0\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u8003\u8651\u91cf\u5b50\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u65f6\u4ecd\u7136\u91cd\u8981\uff09[6]\uff08\u7b2c1\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c55\u9875\uff09\uff1b<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          von Neumann \u548c Birkhoff \u5173\u4e8e\u91cf\u5b50\u6982\u7387\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5 [17]\uff1b<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          Heisenberg \u5728\u5176\u540e\u671f\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u6027\u6982\u5ff5 [7]\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \u5bf9\u4e8e\u540e\u4e24\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u5404\u81ea\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7A. Shimony\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e0d\u5b9a\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\u8fdb\u884c\u63a2\u8ba8\uff0c\u8be6\u60c5\u89c1[18]\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          \u672c\u6587\u65e0\u6cd5\u8be6\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u77e2\u66f4\u5177\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u7a81\u7834\u6027\uff08\u524d\u8ff0\u6982\u5ff5\u591a\u4e0e\u5b9e\u5728\u8bba\u7acb\u573a\u76f8\u5173\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u5176\u91c7\u7528\u5f3aRWR\u8be0\u91ca\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5f15\u5165Dirac\u516c\u8bbe\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u91cf\u5b50\u4fe1\u606f\u9886\u57df\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u89c2\u8054\u7cfb\u66f4\u4e3a\u7d27\u5bc6\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

          \n
          \n

          <\/span><\/section>\n

          <\/span><\/section>\n

          <\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


          <\/span><\/p>\n

          \u5f53\u524d<\/span><\/span>\u91cf\u5b50\u56e0\u679c\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7406\u8bba\u4e0d\u518d\u4f9d\u8d56\u201c\u539f\u56e0\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f20\u7edf\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u4e0e\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u91cf\u5b50\u56e0\u679c\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4e25\u683c\u9650\u5b9a\u4e8e\u4e24\u6b21\u89c2\u6d4b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u2014\u2014\u5373\u521d\u59cb\u4e8b\u4ef6A<\/span><\/span>\u4e0e\u6f5c\u5728\u672a\u6765\u4e8b\u4ef6X<\/span><\/span>\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48<\/span>\uff08\u6839\u636eRWR\u8be0\u91ca\uff0c\u65e2\u65e0\u6cd5\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u60f3\u8c61\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u5b9a\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee4\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3aA<\/span><\/span>\u5bfc\u81f4X<\/span><\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e0e<\/span><\/span>\u7406\u60f3\u7ecf\u5178\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5728\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5047\u8bbe\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u786e\u8ba4\u5177\u4f53\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u800c\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u89c2\u6d4bA<\/span><\/span>\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u672c\u8eab\u65e2\u6784\u6210\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u53c8\u6539\u53d8\u73b0\u5b9e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8f68\u8ff9\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97A<\/span><\/span>\u4e0d\u518d\u80fd\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3aX<\/span><\/span>\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u66f4\u5173\u952e\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u82e5\u5728t\u2081\u65f6\u523b\u901a\u8fc7\u6d4b\u91cfA<\/span><\/span>\u80fd\u5bf9X<\/span><\/span>\u505a\u51fa\u6982\u7387\u4e3a1\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ecd\u53ef\u5728t\u2082\u65f6\u523b\u8fdb\u884c\u66ff\u4ee3\u6d4b\u91cf<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u4e92\u8865\u6d4b\u91cf\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5e9f\u9664\u539f\u6709\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u5e76\u5728t\u2082\u65f6\u523b\u5b9a\u4e49\u65b0\u4e8b\u4ef6Y<\/span><\/span>\u3002\u663e\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c06A<\/span><\/span>\u89c6\u4e3aY<\/span><\/span>\u7684\u6210\u56e0\u2014\u2014Y<\/span><\/span>\u867d\u7136\u662f\u5c40\u90e8\u89c2\u6d4b\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u518d\u4e0eA<\/span><\/span>\u76f8\u5173\u8054\uff08\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u8054\u539f\u672c\u5b58\u5728\u4e8eX<\/span><\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u800cY<\/span><\/span>\u4e00\u65e6\u53d1\u751f\uff0cX<\/span><\/span>\u4fbf\u6c38\u65e0\u53ef\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c<\/span><\/span>A<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u65e2\u975eY<\/span><\/span>\u7684\u6210\u56e0\uff0c\u4e5f\u975eX<\/span><\/span>\u7684\u6210\u56e0\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          \u4e8b\u4ef6A<\/span><\/span>\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0a\u59cb\u7ec8\u9886\u5148\u4e8eX<\/span><\/span>\u6216Y\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u4e8b\u4ef6X<\/span><\/span>\u8fd8\u662fY<\/span><\/span>\u7684\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u9075\u5faa\u8fd9\u79cd\u5148\u540e\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u65e9\u4e8eA<\/span><\/span>\u51fa\u73b0\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u79cd\u987a\u5e8f\u65e2\u9075\u5faa\u53c8\u754c\u5b9a\u4e86<\/span><\/span>\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4e4b\u77e2<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5373<\/span><\/span>\u91cf\u5b50\u56e0\u679c\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5185\u5728\u7684\u6839\u672c\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u5f3aRWR\u8be0\u91ca\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u77e2<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u548c<\/span><\/span>\u91cf\u5b50\u56e0\u679c\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u53ea\u5728\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u73b0\u8c61\u4e2d\u4ee5\u7ecf\u5178\u65b9\u5f0f\u663e\u73b0\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4eba\u7c7b\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e0e\u5176\u4e92\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u5f15\u5165\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f<\/span><\/span>\u91cf\u5b50\u56e0\u679c\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u6240\u53cd\u6620\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u8be0\u91ca\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u77e2<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u3001\u53d8\u5316\u3001\u8fd0\u52a8\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u672c\u8d28\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u8ba4\u4e3a\u73b0\u5b9e\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u6c38\u6052\u4e0d\u53d8\u6216\u5355\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u7c7b\u8bf4\u6cd5\u4f9d\u7136\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u60f3\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u5f3aRWR\u8be0\u91ca\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7ec8\u6781\u73b0\u5b9e\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          \u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8be0\u91ca\u4e2d\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u6216\u91cf\u5b50\u573a\u8bba\u7684\u65b9\u7a0b<\/span>\uff08\u5982 Schr\u00f6dinger \u65b9\u7a0b\u6216 Dirac \u65b9\u7a0b\uff09<\/span>\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u91cf\u5b50\u5bf9\u8c61\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u901a\u8fc7<\/span><\/span>Born\u89c4\u5219<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u9884\u6d4b\u672a\u6765\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5f53\u524d\u8be0\u91ca\u5f3a\u8c03\uff1a\u91cf\u5b50\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u88ab\u89c2\u6d4b\u65f6\u624d\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5728\u4e24\u6b21\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u8fd0\u52a8\u201d\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\u65f6\u95f4\u53c2\u6570t<\/span><\/span>\u53ef\u9006\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u7684\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u7269\u7406\u65f6\u95f4\u771f\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u5012\u6d41\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u6709\u7269\u7406\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u662f<\/span><\/span>\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u77e2<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u5373\u4ece\u8fc7\u53bb\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u3001\u518d\u5230\u672a\u6765\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u5b83\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u6d4b\u91cf\u884c\u4e3a\u672c\u8eab\u548c\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u3002\u6b63\u5982 Bohr \u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u73b0\u8c61\u4e0e\u5b9e\u5728\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u6d4b\u91cf\u4f1a\u53d6\u4ee3\u5148\u524d\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6b63\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u65f6\u949f\u8bfb\u6570\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u65f6\u95f4\u4e4b\u77e2\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u8868\u73b0[6]<\/span>\uff08\u53773\uff0c\u7b2c5\u9875\uff09<\/span>\u3002[\u6ce8\u91ca9]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          \n
          \n
          \n
          \n

          \u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          10. J. Barbour \u5728\u8fd1\u671f\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u4fee\u6b63\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u4ed6\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u5141\u8bb8\u65f6\u95f4\u4e4b\u77e2\u5b58\u5728\uff08\u786e\u5b9e\u8003\u8651\u4e86<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u77e2<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4e0e\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4ecd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5b9e\u5728\u8bba\u6846\u67b6[20]\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

          \n
          \n

          <\/span><\/section>\n

          <\/span><\/section>\n

          <\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

          \u9700\u8981\u8865\u5145\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u573a\u8bba\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662fCPT\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u3002\u5b83\u8981\u6c42\u7535\u8377\u5171\u8f6d<\/span>\uff08C\uff0ccharge conjugation\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u5b87\u79f0\u53d8\u6362<\/span>\uff08P\uff0cparity transformation\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u53cd\u6f14<\/span>\uff08T\uff0ctime reversal\uff09<\/span>\u540c\u65f6\u4f5c\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002\u82e5\u91cf\u5b50\u573a\u8bba\u6210\u7acb\uff0cCPT\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7ec8\u6781\u7ed3\u6784\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u5bf9\u79f0\u7ec4\u5408\u3002\u6839\u636eCPT\u5b9a\u7406\uff0c\u82e5\u4e24\u4e2a\u5206\u91cf\u7684\u8054\u5408\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u88ab\u7834\u574f<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982CP\u7834\u574f\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u5206\u91cf<\/span>\uff08\u5982T\uff09<\/span>\u5fc5\u7136\u5bf9\u5e94\u5931\u6548\u3002<\/span><\/span>[\u6ce8\u91ca10]<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5df2\u8bc1\u5b9eCP\u786e\u5b9e\u88ab\u7834\u574f\u30021956\u5e74\u5f31\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u5b87\u79f0\u4e0d\u5b88\u6052\uff0c\u674e\u653f\u9053\u3001\u6768\u632f\u5b81\u4e0e\u5434\u5065\u96c4\u56e0\u6b64\u83b71957\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u89c2\u6d4b\u786e\u7acb<\/span><\/span>\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u77e2<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4ec5\u901a\u8fc7CPT\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u53c2\u6570t<\/span><\/span>\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u77e2<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4f9d\u7136\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\u65f6\u95f4\u53cd\u6f14\u5e76\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u6709\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          \n
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          \n

          \u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          11. \u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u573a\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u7ec4\u5408\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\uff08\u5982CP\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\uff09\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8868\u8fbe\u5b58\u5728\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u4e0d\u4f5c\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8[21]\uff08pp. 522-523\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

          \n
          \n

          <\/span><\/section>\n

          <\/span><\/section>\n

          <\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


          <\/span><\/p>\n

          \u5728RWR\u8be0\u91ca\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u77e2<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u53ea\u5728\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u73b0\u8c61\u4e2d\u663e\u73b0\uff0c\u5b83\u6e90\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e92\u52a8\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f9d\u8d56\u8eab\u4f53\u548c\u5927\u8111\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u4eea\u5668<\/span>\uff08\u4ece\u611f\u5149\u677f\u5230\u7c92\u5b50\u52a0\u901f\u5668\uff09<\/span>\u2014\u2014\u624d\u80fd\u89c2\u5bdf\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eea\u5668\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u91cf\u5b50\u4e16\u754c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u4e0e\u73b0\u5b9e\u672c\u8d28\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u77e2<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7531\u6b64\u6210\u4e3a\u5fc5\u7136\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u4e92\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4ec5\u51ed\u8089\u773c\u5c31\u80fd\u89c2\u5bdf\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u884c\u661f\u8fd0\u52a8\uff1b\u4f46\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u548c\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4f9d\u9760\u5916\u90e8\u4eea\u5668\u624d\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u89c2\u6d4b\uff0c\u8eab\u4f53\u672c\u8eab\u65e0\u6cd5\u72ec\u7acb\u80dc\u4efb\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          \u6839\u636e\u6b64\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u77e2\u4ec5\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u610f\u8bc6\u4e2d\u3002\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u7531\u65f6\u949f\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65f6\u95f4\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002Husserl \u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5f53\u4e0b\u65f6\u523b\u5448\u73b0\u4e3aA-B-C\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u987a\u5e8f\u4f1a\u88ab\u6253\u4e71\u3002\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u4e2d\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u6839\u672c\u6784\u6210\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9075\u5faa\u8fd9\u79cd\u65f6\u95f4\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u8fd8\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u90fd\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u610f\u8bc6\u53ca\u5176\u8d4b\u4e88\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6839\u636eRWR\u8be0\u91ca\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u6216\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u65f6\u95f4\u4e4b\u77e2\u6216<\/span><\/span>\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u77e2<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff09\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f52\u5c5e\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6307\u5411\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4ec5\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u6d4b\u91cf\u884c\u4e3a\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002[<\/span><\/span>\u6ce8\u91ca11]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          \u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9a8c\u548c\u6570\u5b66\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u786e\u5b9e\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6982\u7387\u7684\u8d4b\u4e88\u5c31\u6d89\u53ca\u4eba\u7684\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf B. de Finetti \u6240\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff1a\u6982\u7387\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e2a\u4eba\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u5728RWR\u8be0\u91ca\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u7387\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u539f\u56e0\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u6982\u7387\u8d4b\u503c\u5e26\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5173\u8054\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7531\u4eba\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u5171\u540c\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u4f46\u5373\u4fbf\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4e00\u6b21\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u786e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u88ab\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u7ecf\u5178\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eba\u3002\u89c2\u6d4b\u8005\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a7\u5236\u5177\u4f53\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u7ed3\u5408 <\/span><\/span>Born \u89c4\u5219<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u6765\u9884\u6d4b\u6982\u7387\u3002\u867d\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u6d4b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8fd8\u662f\u6d4b\u52a8\u91cf\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u6709\u4e3b\u89c2\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u65e6\u6d4b\u91cf\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u6d4b\u91cf\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u5177\u6709\u5ba2\u89c2\u6027\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u53ef\u64cd\u63a7\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u660e\u786e\u8bb0\u5f55\u548c\u5171\u4eab\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u89c2\u6d4b\u884c\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u4eba\u7c7b\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u5e76\u5e26\u6709\u521b\u9020\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u6709\u65f6\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u96c6\u4f53\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e00\u65e6\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u516c\u5171\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u4f46\u4ece\u79d1\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u6e05\u6670\u3001\u53ef\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u3002\u81ea\u7136\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u800c\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5b83\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u59cb\u7ec8\u6765\u81ea\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u3002[\u6ce8\u91ca<\/span><\/span>12]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          \u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u6c38\u8fdc\u65e0\u6cd5\u5ba2\u89c2\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5c1a\u672a\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u65f6\u95f4\u4e4b\u77e2\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u6216\u91cf\u5b50\u573a\u8bba\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u9884\u6d4b\u67d0\u4e9b\u672a\u6765\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u4f46\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u6982\u7387\u8fdb\u884c\u4f30\u7b97\u65f6\uff0c\u4f9d\u7167RWR\u8be0\u91ca\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e2\u4e0d\u77e5\u6653\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u66f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u7406\u89e3\u9884\u6d4b\u4f9d\u636e\u2014\u2014\u5c31\u50cf\u91cf\u5b50\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u89c2\u6d4b\u73b0\u8c61\u5982\u4f55\u4ea7\u751f\u540c\u6837\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u6c38\u8fdc\u65e0\u6cd5\u7406\u89e3\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u673a\u5236\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u5e86\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u786e\u5b9e\u5728\u6301\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          \n
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          \n

          \u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          12.<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u65f6\u95f4\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u95ee\u9898\u8d85\u51fa\u672c\u6587\u8303\u7574\u3002\u6587\u732e[23]\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f8\u5173\u7efc\u8ff0\u4e0e\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u4f46\u672a\u8003\u91cf\u7c7b\u4f3cRWR\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e5f\u672a\u63a2\u8ba8\u5176\u5bf9\u65f6\u95f4\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8be5\u6587\u6700\u591a\u4ec5\u6d89\u53ca\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\uff0c\u5176\u7acb\u573a\u8fdc\u4e0d\u5982RWR\u89c2\u70b9\u5f7b\u5e95\u3002Einstein \u4e0e H. Bergson \u5173\u4e8e\u6b64\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u8457\u540d\u4e89\u8bba\u540c\u6837\u4e0d\u4f5c\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u53cc\u65b9\u7acb\u573a\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u5fae\u5999\u7ec6\u8282\uff08\u8bba\u6218\u8005\u5728\u6279\u5224\u5bf9\u65b9\u65f6\u672a\u5fc5\u5145\u5206\u8003\u91cf\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u8be6\u5c3d\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u5206\u6790\u6765\u9610\u660e\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          13. \u4e0a\u8ff0\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u91cf\u5b50\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08QBism\uff09\u3002\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u690d\u6839\u4e8e\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u7279\u6027\uff08QB\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a”\u4e3b\u89c2\u672c\u8d28”\uff09\u3002\u652f\u6301\u8005\u4e3b\u5f20\uff1a\u4e0d\u4ec5\uff08a\uff09\u6982\u7387\u9884\u6d4b\u5177\u6709\u4e3b\u89c2\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\uff08b\uff09\u91cf\u5b50\u6d4b\u91cf\u7ed3\u679c\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e3b\u89c2\u9886\u57df\uff08\u6587\u732e[25]\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u9610\u8ff0\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u9700\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u89c2\u70b9\u867d\u8ba4\u53ef\uff08a\uff09\uff0c\u5374\u660e\u786e\u53cd\u5bf9\uff08b\uff09\u3002\u6839\u636e\u524d\u6587\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u679c\u5177\u6709\u5ba2\u89c2\u5c5e\u6027\u2014\u2014\u5373\u80fd\u591f\u88ab\u65e0\u6b67\u4e49\u5730\u4f20\u9012\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5047\u8bbe\u4e0e\u89c2\u6d4b\u4eea\u5668\u53ef\u89c1\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u63cf\u8ff0\u76f8\u547c\u5e94\u3002QBism\uff09\u8fd8\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u82e5\u540c\u65f6\u63a5\u7eb3\uff08a\uff09\u4e0e\uff08b\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u53ef\u89c6\u4e3a\u91cf\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6309\u7167 Bohr \u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u7cfb\u7edf\u5fc5\u987b\u91c7\u7528\u7ecf\u5178\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u5219\u9700\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u53c2\u89c1\u6587\u732e[26]\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

          \n
          \n

          <\/span><\/section>\n

          <\/span><\/section>\n

          <\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


          <\/span><\/p>\n

          \n
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          <\/span><\/section>\n

          <\/span><\/section>\n
          \n
          <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
          \n

          4. \u601d\u7ef4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5947\u70b9\uff1aRWR\u8be0\u91ca\u4e2d\u7684\u7c7b\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

          \n

          <\/span><\/section>\n

          <\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


          <\/span><\/p>\n

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          \u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e<\/span><\/span>\u7c7b\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u5171\u540c\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u5171\u4eab\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u548c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u89c2\u5bdf\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u6d88\u9664\u5e72\u6d89\u3001\u4e92\u8865\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u6982\u7387\u56e0\u679c\u5f8b\u548c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5355\u5411\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\u5728RWR\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u5728<\/span><\/span>\u7c7b\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4e2d\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u884c\u4e3a\u901a\u8fc7\u67d0\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u4e0e\u7ec8\u6781\u5b9e\u5728<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u7269\u8d28\u5c42\u9762\u6216\u601d\u7ef4\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6f5c\u610f\u8bc6\uff09<\/span>\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u6d4b\u91cf\u65e2\u5b58\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5f3aRWR\u8be0\u91ca\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ec8\u6781\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\u7684\u2014\u2014\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4ea7\u751f\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u5185\u5728\u5b9e\u5728\u8fd8\u662f\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u5b9e\u5728\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u533a\u522b\uff1a\u601d\u7ef4\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u4e2a\u4f53\u72ec\u6709\u7684\u5185\u5728\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u800c\u7269\u8d28\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u7269\u8d28\u5b9e\u5728\u5219\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7269\u7406\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u5f3aRWR\u8be0\u91ca\u4e0b\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4f53\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8303\u7574\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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          \u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u7c7b\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u4e2d<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u6216\u51b3\u7b56\u79d1\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff09<\/span>\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e3b\u4f53\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u4e3b\u4f53\u7531\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0e\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u7edf\u79f0\u4e3a C-UC\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u660e\u786e\u8fd9\u91cc\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u5fc3\u667a\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5927\u8111\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5927\u8111\u662f\u5fc3\u667a\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7814\u7a76\u6682\u65f6\u4e0d\u8ba8\u8bba\u5927\u8111\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u5916\u5728\u7269\u4f53\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u7c7b\u91cf\u5b50\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51b3\u7b56\u7531\u610f\u8bc6\u8868\u8fbe\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u6f5c\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u628a\u610f\u8bc6\u5bf9\u6f5c\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u7c7b\u6bd4\u4e3a\u91cf\u5b50\u6d4b\u91cf\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f46\u4e24\u8005\u6709\u6839\u672c\u533a\u522b\uff1a\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u662f\u975e\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u7269\u4f53\u4e0e\u4eea\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u7c7b\u91cf\u5b50\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u4e9b\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u4f53\u4f1a\u201c\u54cd\u5e94\u201d\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u3002\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u4eea\u5668\u4e0e\u91cf\u5b50\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e4b\u95f4\u72ec\u7279\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002[<\/span><\/span>\u6ce8\u91ca13]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          \u4e3a\u4e86\u8bf4\u660e\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u4e0e\u7c7b\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b Wang \u548c Busemeyer \u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c[33]\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u53d8\u95ee\u9898\u987a\u5e8f\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u4e92\u8865\u6027\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5148\u95ee\u201c\u4f60\u8ba4\u4e3aClinton \u603b\u7edf\u8bda\u5b9e\u53ef\u4fe1\u5417\uff1f\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u5f97\u5230\u5426\u5b9a\u56de\u7b54\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u518d\u95ee\u201c\u4f60\u8ba4\u4e3a Gore \u526f\u603b\u7edf\u8bda\u5b9e\u53ef\u4fe1\u5417\uff1f\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u5f97\u5230\u80af\u5b9a\u56de\u7b54\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u987a\u5e8f\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u7b54\u6848\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u5206\u5e03\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          Wang \u548c Busemeyer \u6307\u51fa\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          \n

          \u201c\u4e00\u65e6\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4 Clinton \u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u6d4b\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51b3\u5b9a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a Clinton \u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u786e\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u4f46\u968f\u540e\u5173\u4e8e Gore \u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u5c31\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u3002\u201d[33]\uff08\u7b2c2\u9875\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

          \u8fd9\u4e00\u8bf4\u6cd5\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u51c6\u786e\uff0c\u6216\u81f3\u5c11\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u9650\u5b9a\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u88ab\u8bd5\u5bf9 Gore \u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u5bf9\u5916\u90e8\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u662f\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u88ab\u8bd5\u5c3d\u529b\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u5916\u90e8\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u786e\u5b9a\u5176\u771f\u5b9e\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6f5c\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u786e\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\u7ec8\u6781\u5b9e\u5728\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\u6027\u2014\u2014\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u4e86\u89e3\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u5fc3\u7406\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u89c9\u5f97\u5bf9 Gore \u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u548c\u5bf9 Clinton \u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u4e00\u6837\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u201d\u662f\u4e3b\u89c2\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u5916\u90e8\u4e3b\u4f53\u51c6\u786e\u6355\u6349\u6216\u9884\u6d4b\u3002\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u73b0\u8c61\u662f\u5728\u6d4b\u91cf\u884c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u53cd\u6620\u67d0\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u91cf\u5b50\u975e\u5bf9\u6613\u6027\u548c<\/span><\/span>\u4e92\u8865\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u7c7b\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u5224\u65ad\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u57fa\u672c\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u6d4b\u6027\u6216\u4e0d\u53ef\u8868\u5f81\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          \u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u60c5\u51b5\u6709\u522b\u4e8e\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u3002\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6d4b\u4e0d\u51c6\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e<\/span><\/span>\u4e92\u8865\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u6b64\u7c7b\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u786e\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5904\u7406\u4e92\u8865\u60c5\u5883\u65f6\uff0c\u89c2\u6d4b\u8005\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u9009\u62e9\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u65f6\u95f4<\/span><\/span>t<\/span><\/span>0<\/span><\/sub><\/span>\u51b3\u5b9a\u91c7\u7528\u4f55\u79cd\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u76f4\u63a5\u9650\u5b9a\u4e86\u540e\u7eed\u53ef\u4f5c\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5f53\u5728\u65f6\u95f4<\/span><\/span>t<\/span><\/span>1<\/span><\/sub><\/span>\u8fdb\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6d4b\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u6b64\u65f6\u82e5\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e92\u8865\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u9884\u6d4b\u5c06\u5b8c\u5168\u65e0\u6cd5\u68c0\u9a8c\u3002\u89c2\u6d4b\u8005\u81ea\u4e3b\u9009\u62e9\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u662f Bohr \u4e92\u8865\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8981\u7d20\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0e<\/span><\/span>\u91cf\u5b50\u56e0\u679c\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u53ca<\/span><\/span>\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u77e2<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5bc6\u5207\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u8981\u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u6216\u51b3\u7b56\u9886\u57df\u4e25\u683c\u6784\u5efa\u6b64\u7c7b\u6982\u5ff5\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u96be\u5ea6\u6781\u5927\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u4e5f\u96be\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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          \u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          14. \u82e5\u7acb\u5373\u91cd\u590d\u76f8\u540c\u6d4b\u91cf\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u901a\u5e38\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5047\u8bbe\u867d\u5177\u7406\u60f3\u5316\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4f46\u5b58\u5728\u4f8b\u5916\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u6b64\u5904\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u2014\u2014\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece\u521d\u59cb\u9636\u6bb5\u5b8c\u6574\u91cd\u5efa\u6574\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u6587\u732e[9]\u7b2c161\u9875\uff0c\u6587\u732e[32]\u7b2c213-218\u3001335\u9875\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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          <\/span><\/section>\n

          <\/span><\/section>\n

          <\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


          <\/span><\/p>\n

          \u7136\u800c\uff0c Bohr \u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5982\u6982\u7387\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6d41\u5411\uff0c\u80fd\u5426\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u8ba4\u77e5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u51b3\u7b56\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\uff1f\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u80fd\u90e8\u5206\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5b8c\u5168\u7167\u642c\u5e76\u4e0d\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9700\u8c03\u6574\u5bf9 Wang \u548c Busemeyer \u8bba\u65ad\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff1a\u5f53\u5728\u5e8f\u5217\u63d0\u95ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u83b7\u5f97 Clinton \u6216 Gore \u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u4f1a\u600e\u6837\u6f14\u53d8\uff1f\u5728\u6df1\u5165\u89e3\u91ca\u524d\uff0c\u9700\u8865\u5145\u82e5\u5e72\u9650\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\u518d\u6b21\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u8f6c\u79fb\u4ec5\u5177\u5907\u5c40\u90e8\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          \u5728 Clinton – Gore \u8fd9\u7c7b\u8ba4\u77e5\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u63d0\u95ee\u987a\u5e8f\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f71\u54cd\u5c5e\u4e8e<\/span><\/span>\u7ecf\u5178\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u53ef\u88ab\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u4e2d<\/span>\uff08\u6309RWR\u8be0\u91ca\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u7ecf\u5178\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u4e2d\uff0c\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff09<\/span>\u540e\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u9884\u6d4b\u5176\u4e92\u8865\u53d8\u91cf<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u52a8\u91cf\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u672a\u6765\u503c\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4f7f\u7528\u73bb\u59c6\u529b\u5b66\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u6d4b\u91cf\u90fd\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u524d\u5e8f\u4fe1\u606f\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u9884\u6d4b\u6ca1\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e0d\u540c\uff1a\u4eba\u5728\u56de\u7b54\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u4f1a\u53d7\u5148\u524d\u4fe1\u606f\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u8bed\u5883\u5e76\u8c03\u6574\u5224\u65ad\u3002Wang \u4e0e Busemeyer\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u524d\u5e8f\u95ee\u9898\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u540e\u7eed\u56de\u7b54\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u51b3\u7b56\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u91cf\u5b50\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u91cf\u5b50\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0d\u643a\u5e26\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6d4b\u91cf\u53ea\u662f\u751f\u6210\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6d4b\u91cf\u90fd\u72ec\u7279\u4e14\u4e0d\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u3002\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u975e\u5bf9\u6613\u6027\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff1a\u8c03\u6362\u6d4b\u91cf\u987a\u5e8f\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\u4e24\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u540c\u65f6\u786e\u5b9a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u4e0d\u662f\u89c2\u5bdf\u540c\u4e00\u5b9e\u5728\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4fa7\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u5b9e\u5728\u53ca\u5176\u672a\u6765\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u7c7b\u91cf\u5b50\u4eba\u7c7b\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u4e0e\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u7684\u76f8\u901a\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ca\u5176\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u601d\u7ef4\u5b9e\u4f8b\u6240\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u7684\u3001\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5177\u6709<\/span><\/span>\u5947\u70b9\u6027\uff08singularity\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u4e2a\u4f53\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u6027\u548c\u4e0d\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u6027[<\/span><\/span>30,34][\u6ce8\u91ca14]<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u3002\u867d\u7136 Wang \u4e0e Busemeyer \u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u4e92\u8865\u6027\u65f6\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u672a\u5145\u5206\u5f3a\u8c03\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u800c\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u7279\u8d28\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u5728\u627f\u8ba4\u4e24\u8005\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c06\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u7c7b\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u8054\u867d\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\uff0c\u5374\u610f\u4e49\u6df1\u8fdc\u3002\u5b83\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u6790\u5982 Clinton – Gore \u5b9e\u9a8c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u91cf\u5b50\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u67d0\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u7c7b\u91cf\u5b50\u6846\u67b6<\/span>\uff08\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u4e0e\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\uff09<\/span>\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5efa\u6a21\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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          \u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          15. \u7279\u522b\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u7684\u201c\u5947\u70b9\u201d\u6216\u672c\u8282\u6807\u9898\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5947\u70b9\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u72ec\u7279\u72b6\u6001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e0e\u6570\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5947\u70b9\u65e0\u5173\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5fae\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b\u5931\u6548\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u4e34\u754c\u70b9\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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          <\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


          <\/span><\/p>\n

          \u5f53\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5411\u88ab\u8bd5\u63d0\u95ee\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u91cf\u5b50\u89c2\u6d4b\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u4ecb\u5165\u4e86\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u5e76\u5f15\u53d1\u610f\u8bc6\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u4ee5 Clinton – Gore \u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u9996\u95ee\u6d89\u53ca Clinton \u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5f15\u5bfc\u88ab\u8bd5\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u5176\u5bf9\u540e\u7eed Gore \u95ee\u9898\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u3002\u4e0e Wang \u548c Busemeyer \u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u5bf9 Gore \u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u672a\u5fc5\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u539f\u672c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u6216\u56e0 Clinton \u95ee\u9898\u800c\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4f4d\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u63d0\u95ee\u987a\u5e8f\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e92\u65a5\u7684\u60c5\u5883\uff0c\u7b26\u5408 Bohr \u7684<\/span><\/span>\u4e92\u8865\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u5b83\u4eec\u4ee3\u8868\u4e24\u79cd\u4e92\u65a5\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u5404\u81ea\u6784\u6210\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4fe1\u4efb Clinton \u6216 Gore \u7684\u95ee\u9898\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u4e92\u8865\uff0c\u4f46\u63d0\u95ee\u5e8f\u5217\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5206\u5e03\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u4e92\u8865\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u800c\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u52a8\u91cf\u7684\u4e92\u8865\u6027\u6e90\u4e8e\u672c\u8d28\u4e92\u65a5\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u7c7b\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u7f3a\u5c11\u7c7b\u4f3c\u666e\u6717\u514b\u5e38\u6570h<\/span><\/span>\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u975e\u5bf9\u6613\u6027\u76f4\u63a5\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7c7b\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u4e92\u8865\u6027\u66f4\u591a\u662f\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e0a\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          \u4e0e\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c Clinton – Gore \u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e5f\u8868\u73b0\u51fa<\/span><\/span>\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u77e2<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u662f\u7531\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u53ca\u5176\u56de\u7b54\u6240\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u672a\u6765\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u63d0\u95ee\u987a\u5e8f\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u6bcf\u79cd\u987a\u5e8f\u90fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9884\u6d4b\u7b26\u5408<\/span><\/span>\u7c7b\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4e2d\u7684\u975e\u52a0\u6027\u6982\u7387\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u5df2\u88ab\u8bc1\u5b9e\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u5177\u6709\u7edf\u8ba1\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u540c\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e5f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\uff1a\u4e92\u8865\u6d4b\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u7c7b\u91cf\u5b50\u6a21\u578b\u8fd8\u662f\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f<\/span><\/span>\u7ecf\u5178\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u65b9\u5411\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u5173\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u6982\u7387\u6027\u56e0\u679c\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>[35, 36]\u3002\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5c06\u662f\u7edf\u8ba1\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u8c03\u6362\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u3002\u4f46\u540c\u6837\u5730\uff0c\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff1a\u6b63\u5982\u524d\u6587\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u4e92\u8865\u6027\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5904\u7406\u7684\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f<\/span><\/span>\u7ecf\u5178\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u800c\u662f<\/span><\/span>\u6982\u7387\u6027\u56e0\u679c\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0e<\/span><\/span>\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u77e2<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          \u4e24\u8005\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u6216\u51b3\u7b56\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u5177\u6709\u5c42\u6b21\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u3002\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8005\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u7269\u7406\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u6bcf\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\u90fd\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u79cd\u4e92\u65a5\u7684\u672a\u6765\u3002\u800c\u5728\u7c7b\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982 Clinton – Gore \u5b9e\u9a8c\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u601d\u7ef4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u6f5c\u610f\u8bc6\u3002\u867d\u7136\u95ee\u9898\u7531\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8005\u8bbe\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u6e90\u4e8e\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5185\u5728\u51b3\u7b56\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u91cf\u5b50\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4f46\u7c7b\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u662f\u4e3b\u89c2\u5fc3\u7406\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7269\u7406\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6027\u4e92\u52a8\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7c7b\u91cf\u5b50\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u7c7b\u4f3c\u91cf\u5b50\u7684\u6982\u7387\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5176\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u673a\u5236\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u4ecd\u4e0e\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u6bd4\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u7c7b\u91cf\u5b50\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u88ab\u8bd5\u5e76\u4e0d\u51b3\u5b9a\u95ee\u4ec0\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5bf9\u95ee\u9898\u4f5c\u51fa\u56de\u5e94\uff1b\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cf\u5b50\u5bf9\u8c61\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u6d4b\u91cf\u4eea\u5668\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7279\u5b9a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0b\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528<\/span>\uff08\u8be5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7531\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8005\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u6240\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u5411\u81ea\u7136\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u95ee\u9898\u201d\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u6b64\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b9a\u4e49\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u672a\u6765\u8d70\u5411\u3002\u5173\u952e\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u91cf\u5b50\u5bf9\u8c61\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u4f1a\u505a\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u88ab\u89c2\u6d4b\u65f6\u624d\u88ab\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5728\u63d0\u95ee\u5e76\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5728\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u4e2d\u5851\u9020\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4ecd\u7136\u666e\u904d\u5047\u8bbe\uff1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u601d\u8003\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u81ea\u5df1\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b64\u7c7b\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u672c\u8d28\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u50cfRWR\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u2014\u2014\u6b63\u5982\u5bfc\u81f4\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u7269\u7406\uff09<\/span>\u5b9e\u5728\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u672c\u8d28\u4e00\u6837\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u8868\u5f81\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5fc3\u7406\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5171\u4eab\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u5b83\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6548\u5e94\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          \u4eba\u7c7b\u5c06\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u201c\u8fd8\u539f\u201d<\/span>\uff08reduction)\uff08\u6709\u65f6\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a Galilean \u8fd8\u539f\uff09<\/span>\u4e3a\u53ea\u7814\u7a76\u81ea\u7136<\/span>\uff08\u800c\u975e\u601d\u60f3\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ece Galileo \u548c Newton \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4f7f\u7269\u7406\u6210\u4e3a\u4ee5\u6570\u5b66\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u6570\u5b66\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u8d77\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6d4b\u91cf\u66f4\u7cbe\u786e\uff0c\u66f4\u6839\u672c\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u4eba\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u5229\u7528\u6570\u5b66\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f53\u7cfb\u6765\u4ee5\u7ecf\u5178\u56e0\u679c\u65b9\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u6240\u8003\u8651\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b9e\u5728\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u8868\u793a\u6765\u9884\u6d4b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5355\u4e2a\u6216\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8868\u793a\u5728\u7406\u60f3\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u7cbe\u786e\u4e14\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fdd\u6301\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bba\uff0c\u7ecf\u5178\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u96be\u4ee5\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u5728RWR\u8be0\u91ca\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fde\u63cf\u8ff0\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u5982\u4f55\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u673a\u5236\u4e5f\u88ab\u6392\u9664\uff0c\u6982\u7387\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0d\u53ef\u7b80\u5316\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4ee5\u91cf\u5b50\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u6982\u7387\u6027\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u77e2\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u901a\u8fc7\u62bd\u8c61\u6570\u5b66\uff08\u5982\u590d\u6570\u57df<\/span><\/span>\"image.png\"<\/span><\/sub>\u4e0a\u7684\u5e0c\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u7a7a\u95f4\u7406\u8bba\u2014\uff09\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5bf9\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u7cbe\u51c6\u6982\u7387\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u4fdd\u6301\u4e86\u6570\u5b66\u2013\u5b9e\u9a8c\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u52a0\u6838\u5fc3\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          Galilean \u8fd8\u539f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5c06\u7269\u7406\u4e0e\u5fc3\u7406\u5206\u5f00\uff0c\u5b83\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u53cc\u91cd\u751a\u81f3\u4e09\u91cd\u7684\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

            \n
          • \n

            \u7b2c\u4e00\u91cd\uff1a\u4ec5\u4e25\u683c\u5904\u7406\u7269\u7406\u73b0\u5b9e<\/span>\uff08\u800c\u975e\u540c\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u5fc3\u7406\u6216\u7cbe\u795e\u73b0\u5b9e\uff09<\/span>\uff1b<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            \u7b2c\u4e8c\u91cd\uff1a\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u5b66\u7406\u60f3\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u8981\u6c42\u5ffd\u7565\u90a3\u4e9b\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u6570\u5b66\u7406\u60f3\u5316\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u65b9\u9762\uff1b<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            \u7b2c\u4e09\u91cd\uff1a\u5ffd\u7565\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e3b\u4f53\u6240\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u3001\u5047\u8bbe\u4e3a\u5ba2\u89c2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u7269\u7406\u5b9e\u5728\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9e\u5728\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5<\/span>\uff08\u5728\u7406\u60f3\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff09<\/span>\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u5b83\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u6240\u8868\u5f81\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u65f6\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002[\u6ce8\u91ca<\/span><\/span>15]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \u8fd9\u7b2c\u4e09\u91cd\u8fd8\u539f\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u53ef\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u79d1\u5b66\u6216\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7b49\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u7c7b\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u9886\u57df\u5374\u5f88\u96be\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u7684\u5185\u5fc3\u4e16\u754c\u591a\u6837\u800c\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u88ab\u7edf\u4e00\u6a21\u578b\u6240\u6355\u6349\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5728\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

            \n
            \n
            \n
            \n

            \u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

            16. \u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u591a\u4e16\u754c\u8be0\u91ca\uff08many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics\uff09 \u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u6b64\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u56e0\u7269\u8d28\u5b9e\u5728\u6027\u4ecd\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5404\u72ec\u7acb\u4e16\u754c\u5185\u90e8 \uff0c\u4e14\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5173\u8054\u901a\u9053\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

            \n
            \n

            <\/span><\/section>\n

            <\/span><\/section>\n

            <\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


            <\/span><\/p>\n

            \u4ece\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c6\u4e3a Shannon \u4fe1\u606f<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u6bd4\u7279\u96c6\u5408\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5ffd\u7565\u5176\u8bed\u4e49\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6570\u5b66\u5316\u5904\u7406\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6709\u9650\u7684\u60c5\u51b5<\/span><\/span>[29,30]<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u3002\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u91cf\u5b50\u7684\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u91cf\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u5904\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u9075\u5faa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u539f\u5219\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u4fe1\u606f\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u7ecf\u5178 Shannon \u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u7531\u4eba\u7c7b\u901a\u8fc7\u89c2\u6d4b\u4eea\u5668\u83b7\u5f97\u3002\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\u89c2\u6d4b\u6280\u672f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u8f85\u52a9\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u6784\u6210\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97RWR\u89e3\u91ca\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u91cf\u5b50\u6280\u672f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86\u91cf\u5b50\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u6570\u5b66-\u5b9e\u9a8c\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f7f\u91cf\u5b50\u4fe1\u606f\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u5e94\u7528\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

            \u6b63\u5982\u524d\u6587\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\u56e0\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u5982Kolmogorov\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff09<\/span>\u867d\u7136\u96be\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u662f\u53ef\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728RWR\u89e3\u91ca\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\u548c\u4e0d\u53ef\u8868\u5f81\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u4f7f\u7528\u56fe\u7075\u673a<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u975e\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\uff09<\/span>\u53d8\u5f97\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e<\/span><\/span>\u7ecf\u5178\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u7684RWR\u89e3\u91ca\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u57fa\u4e8e\u7c7b\u91cf\u5b50\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7c7b\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u5171\u4eab\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6839\u672c\u6027\u7684\u3001\u975eKolmogorov\u578b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u590d\u6742\u6027\u548c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u6311\u6218\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u201c\u8ba1\u7b97\u201d\u548c\u201c\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\u201d\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u8fd8\u6df1\u5316\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u601d\u7ef4\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002\u5b83\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u8d85\u8d8a\u4f20\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u8303\u5f0f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u90a3\u4e9b\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u548c\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fd8\u539f\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5728\u5fae\u89c2\u7269\u7406\u4e16\u754c\u8fd8\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u51b3\u7b56\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u3002[\u6ce8\u91ca<\/span><\/span>16]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

            <\/section>\n

            \u5c3d\u7ba1\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4ecd\u80fd\u5229\u7528\u6570\u5b66\u5de5\u5177\u9884\u6d4b\u6240\u6709\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u4e2d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u7ecf\u5178\u7684<\/span>\uff08 Shannon \u578b\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u91cf\u5b50\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u5176\u590d\u6742\u6027\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u7ecf\u5178\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684Kolmogorov\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002\u7ed3\u5408<\/span><\/span>\u4e92\u8865\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u548c<\/span><\/span>\u91cf\u5b50\u56e0\u679c\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u901a\u8fc7\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u4e2a\u4f53\u601d\u7ef4\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6b63\u5982 Bohr \u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5f0f\u7b26\u5408\u79d1\u5b66\u8ffd\u6c42\u5ba2\u89c2\u6027\u548c\u6e05\u6670\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u4f46\u5728RWR\u89e3\u91ca\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u662f\u8d85\u8d8a\u4eba\u7c7b\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u5b9e\u5728\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u751f\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5177\u6709\u6839\u672c\u6027\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\u6027\u548c\u4e0d\u53ef\u8ba1\u7b97\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u6027\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u4f20\u7edf\u65b9\u5f0f\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5374\u5e76\u672a\u963b\u788d\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u501f\u52a9\u62bd\u8c61\u6570\u5b66<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u5e0c\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u7a7a\u95f4\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u4f9d\u7136\u80fd\u591f\u505a\u51fa\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u6982\u7387\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6027\u3002[<\/span><\/span>\u6ce8\u91ca17]<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u548c\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\u6027\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u4ecd\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\u81ea\u7136\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

            \u8bed\u8a00\u4ea4\u6d41\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u201c\u660e\u786e\u7684\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8db3\u591f\u660e\u786e\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u7269\u7406\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6216\u8868\u8fbe\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5\u65f6\u3002Aristotle \u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u548c Galilean \u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u4f53\u8457\u4f5c\u5c31\u662f\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u65e5\u5e38\u8bed\u8a00\u5728\u8fb9\u754c\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u5f80\u5f80\u5b58\u5728\u6b67\u4e49\u548c\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u6d88\u9664\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u7cca\u6027\u2014\u2014\u6b63\u5982 Heisenberg \u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u6837 [7]<\/span>\uff08\u7b2c92\u9875\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u79d1<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u51b3\u7b56\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\uff09<\/span>\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u6240\u5904\u7406\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5374\u66f4\u96be\u4ee5\u7528 Shannon \u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u52a0\u4ee5\u9650\u5b9a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5728\u6b64\u7c7b\u5b66\u79d1\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b<\/span>\uff08\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u7c7b\u7ecf\u5178\u6a21\u578b\u8fd8\u662f\u7c7b\u91cf\u5b50\u7684\u7c7b\u91cf\u5b50\u6a21\u578b\uff09<\/span>\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u6d89\u53ca\u8ba4\u77e5\u6216\u601d\u7ef4<\/span>\uff08\u672c\u6587\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u8303\u7574\uff09<\/span>\u65f6\u5c24\u4e3a\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u56f0\u96be\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e3b\u4f53\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u672c\u8eab\u96be\u4ee5\u4ee5\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u5b66\u5316\uff0c\u8fd8\u5728\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u6570\u5b66\u5316\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7a0b\u5ea6\u2014\u2014\u54ea\u6015\u53ea\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u201c\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0a\u7684\u5145\u5206\u6027\u201d\u2014\u2014\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fbe\u5230\u73b0\u4ee3\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u90a3\u79cd\u8fd1\u4e4e\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u4e0d\u5982\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u90a3\u4e48\u663e\u8457\uff0cE. Wigner\u66fe\u5bf9\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u6709\u6548\u6027\u611f\u5230\u56f0\u60d1 [37]\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\uff0cGalilean\u8fd8\u539f\u6700\u591a\u4e5f\u53ea\u80fd\u90e8\u5206\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8bed\u8a00\u4ea4\u6d41\u867d\u53ef\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u4f46\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u6b64\u7c7b\u5b66\u79d1\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u6548\u679c\u6709\u9650\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

            \u6b63\u5982\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56f0\u96be\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6ce8\u5b9a\u53ea\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u6709\u6548\u6027\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0e\u9650\u5ea6\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u4e0e\u7c7b\u7ecf\u5178\u7406\u8bba\u6bd4\u8f83\u65f6\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5230\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u51b3\u7b56\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728<\/span><\/span>\u4e92\u8865\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u3001<\/span><\/span>\u6982\u7387\u56e0\u679c\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u548c<\/span><\/span>\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u77e2<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u91c7\u7528RWR\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u4e0b\uff09<\/span>\u7c7b\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u7c7b\u7ecf\u5178\u7406\u8bba\u66f4\u5177\u89e3\u91ca\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u5728\u50cf Clinton – Gore \u5b9e\u9a8c\u8fd9\u6837\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u601d\u7ef4\u4e5f\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u7c7b\u7ecf\u5178\u6a21\u578b\u96be\u4ee5\u523b\u753b\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u76ee\u524d\u5c1a\u65e0\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u6b63\u5982 Wang \u4e0e Busemeyer \u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

            \n

            \u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e0e\u80fd\u7cbe\u51c6\u9884\u6d4b\u7269\u7406\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u56e0\u6d89\u53ca\u66f4\u591a\u96be\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u9884\u6d4b\u7cbe\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u884c\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u666e\u904d\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u4f46\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u7c7b\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u7c7b\u91cf\u5b50\uff09\u4e3a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u63cf\u8ff0\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u4e25\u8c28\u3001\u66f4\u5177\u89e3\u91ca\u529b\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u5904\u7406\u987a\u5e8f\u6548\u5e94\u3001\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u51b3\u7b56\u3001\u975e\u5bf9\u6613\u5224\u65ad\u7b49\u590d\u6742\u73b0\u8c61\u65f6\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4f18\u4e8e\u7ecf\u5178\u6a21\u578b\uff08C\u2013L\uff09\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002[33]\uff08\u7b2c4\u9875\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

            \u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7c7b\u91cf\u5b50\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u4e07\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8868\u793a\u5b83\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u91cf\u5b50\u5fc3\u7075\u201d\u3002\u5728RWR\u89e3\u91ca\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u5e94\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u529b\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5bf9\u5fc3\u7406\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u8fd8\u539f\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u5305\u5bb9\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4eba\u7c7b\u79d1\u5b66\u96be\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u7c7b\u91cf\u5b50\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e0e\u51b3\u7b56\u7b49\u590d\u6742\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ecd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u5bcc\u6709\u6f5c\u529b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

            \n
            \n
            \n
            \n

            \u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

            17. \u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u6bd4\u5f88\u5c11\u88ab\u4eba\u4eec\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u9664\u4e86 D\u2019Ariano \u6700\u8fd1\u5728\u201c\u96be\u9898\u201d\uff08the hard problem\uff09\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4ed6\u5728\u4e0e F. Faggin \u7684\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5408\u4f5c\u4e2d\u6240\u63a2\u8ba8\u7684\u5185\u5bb9 [34]\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u5e76\u672a\u6d89\u53caRWR\u5bf9\u60c5\u5883\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

            18. \u8bda\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u67d0\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u88c5\u7f6e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53d1\u8d77\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6216\u8bb0\u5f55\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u201c\u4e3b\u4f53\u201d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u6b64\u7c7b\u88c5\u7f6e\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u7531\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e3b\u4f53\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u548c\u542f\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5b83\u672c\u8eab\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u9884\u6d4b\u3002\u800c\u505a\u51fa\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u601d\u7ef4\u4e0e\u5b58\u5728\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7279\u5f81\u4e4b\u4e00\uff08\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u52a8\u7269\u8eab\u4e0a\u4e5f\u80fd\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u6709\u9650\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u80fd\u529b\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

            \n
            \n

            <\/span><\/section>\n

            <\/span><\/section>\n

            <\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


            <\/span><\/p>\n

            \u53ef\u4ee5\u8865\u5145\u4e00\u957f\u4e32\u6587\u732e\u6765\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4e5f\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1RWR\u7684\u601d\u8def<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u89c1\u6587\u732e [41\u201343]\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u672c\u6587\u6240\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u91cf\u5b50\u6a21\u578b\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4ec5\u51fa\u4e8e\u5176\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u6548\u529b\uff0c\u66f4\u6df1\u5c42\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u6216\u8bb8\u5728\u4e8e\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u2014\u2014\u5982\u89c2\u5bdf\u884c\u4e3a\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u4e0d\u53ef\u7ea6\u5316\u4f5c\u7528<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u3001<\/span><\/span>\u4e92\u8865\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u3001<\/span><\/span>\u6982\u7387\u6027\u56e0\u679c\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span><\/span>\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u77e2<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\u5171\u540c\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u4e0a\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4e3a\u4f7f\u7528<\/span><\/span>\u7c7b\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u7ed3\u6784\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u4e30\u5bcc\u6027\u4e0e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u9650\u5236\u4e86<\/span><\/span>\u7c7b\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u8303\u56f4\u548c\u6709\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u4e3b\u8981\u88ab\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u76f8\u5bf9\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e30\u5bcc\u6027\u4e0e\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u88abT. S. Eliot\u7684\u8bd7\u53e5\u6df1\u523b\u5730\u6355\u6349\u5230\u4e86\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

            \n

            \u201c\u5728\u4e00\u5206\u949f\u91cc\u6709\u65f6\u95f4<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

            \u505a\u51b3\u5b9a\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5206\u949f\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u4f1a\u63a8\u7ffb\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

            \u2014\u2014\u300aJ\u00b7\u963f\u5c14\u5f17\u96f7\u5fb7\u00b7\u666e\u9c81\u5f17\u6d1b\u514b\u7684\u60c5\u6b4c\u300b\uff08”The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”\uff09\uff0c1915\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c47\u201348\u884c<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

            \u8fd9\u51e0\u53e5\u8bd7\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u601d\u7ef4\u4e2d\u51b3\u7b56\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u3001\u8106\u5f31\u4e0e\u81ea\u6211\u5426\u5b9a\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u8d28\u4f7f\u5f97\u4efb\u4f55\u8bd5\u56fe\u7528\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u6a21\u578b\u52a0\u4ee5\u523b\u753b\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u90fd\u9762\u4e34\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3a\u7c7b\u91cf\u5b50\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e86\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

            \u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4e30\u5bcc\u6027\u4e0e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85<\/span><\/span>\u8d8a\u4e86 <\/span><\/span>Shannon <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4fe1\u606f<\/span><\/span>\u7684\u8303\u7574\u2014\u2014\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u65e0\u9650\u9065\u8fdc\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u50cf\u6211\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u6240\u505a\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u91c7\u7528RWR\u89e3\u91ca\u6765\u770b\u5f85\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5c31\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u5bfc\u81f4\u51b3\u7b56\u4e0e\u4fee\u8ba2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u673a\u5236\u548c\u5b9e\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002Eliot \u5728\u8bd7\u4e2d\u53cd\u590d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u6211\u6562\u4e0d\u6562\uff1f\u201d<\/span>\uff08Do I dare?\uff09<\/span>\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u51b3\u7b56\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u8bd7\u4e2d\u591a\u6b21\u91cd\u590d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u6562\u4e0d\u6562\uff1f\u8fd8\u662f\u6211\u4e0d\u6562\uff1f\u201d\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u4ed6\u7d27\u63a5\u7740\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u90a3\u53e5\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4ed6\u95ee\u9053\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

            \n

            \u201c\u6211\u6562\u4e0d\u6562\u6270\u4e71\u5b87\u5b99\uff1f\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

            \u2014\u2014\u300aJ\u00b7\u963f\u5c14\u5f17\u96f7\u5fb7\u00b7\u666e\u9c81\u5f17\u6d1b\u514b\u7684\u60c5\u6b4c\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c45\u201346\u884c<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

            \u6211\u4eec\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u6d4b\u91cf\u53bb\u6270\u52a8\u5e76\u5b9a\u4e49\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u521b\u9020\u6027\u5fc3\u7406\u6d3b\u52a8\u6709\u67d0\u79cd\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bd7\u4eba Eliot \u5728\u5199\u4f5c\u65f6\u6240\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u53cd\u590d\u6289\u62e9\u4e0e\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u77ed\u77ed\u4e00\u5206\u949f\u5185\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f53\u9a8c\u5230\u5927\u91cf\u4e3b\u89c2\u611f\u53d7\uff08\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c<\/span><\/span>\u611f\u53d7\u8d28<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08qualia\uff09\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u610f\u8bc6\u96be\u9898\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u591a\u7684\u5185\u5728\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4efb\u4f55\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u90fd\u96be\u4ee5\u51c6\u786e\u9884\u6d4b\u4eba\u5728\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u505a\u51fa\u53c8\u63a8\u7ffb\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u6587\u5b66<\/span>\uff08\u5982 Eliot \u7684\u8bd7\u3001Proust \u6216 Joyce \u7684\u4f5c\u54c1[31]\uff09<\/span>\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u5fc3\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u610f\u8bc6\u6d41\u3001\u8bb0\u5fc6\u91cd\u6784\u4e0e\u8bed\u8a00\u521b\u9020\u4e4b\u95f4\u65e0\u5c3d\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u5176\u6df1\u5ea6\u548c\u4e30\u5bcc\u6027\u8fdc\u8d85\u5f53\u524d\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u6a21\u578b\u6240\u80fd\u6355\u6349\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7c7b\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u8ba4\u77e5\u60c5\u5883\u4e0b\u6bd4\u7ecf\u5178\u6a21\u578b\u66f4\u5177\u89e3\u91ca\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4f9d\u7136\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u6db5\u76d6\u4eba\u7c7b\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u6d89\u53ca\u610f\u8bc6\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u3001\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u521b\u9020\u529b\u7684\u9886\u57df\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b63\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u5c1a\u672a\u80fd\u89e6\u53ca\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6838\u5fc3\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

            \u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0cC. Shannon \u5728\u5176 Shannon \u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u4e2d\u66fe\u5f15\u7528 Joyce \u7684\u300a\u82ac\u5c3c\u6839\u5b88\u7075\u591c\u300b\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u8bed\u8a00\u6e38\u620f\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1 Shannon \u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u6790\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u975e\u5e38\u5c0f\u4e14\u5e38\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u50cf\u4e54\u4f0a\u65af\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\uff0c\u53e5\u5b50\u6216\u5355\u8bcd\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u6355\u6349\u5176\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002\u00b9\u2078<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

            \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u300a\u82ac\u5c3c\u6839\u5b88\u7075\u591c\u300b\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u9020\u8bcd\u2014\u2014\u5c06\u201cchaos<\/span>\uff08\u6df7\u6c8c\uff09<\/span>\u201d\u4e0e\u201ccosmos<\/span>\uff08\u5b87\u5b99\uff09<\/span>\u201d\u878d\u5408\u6210\u201cchaosmos<\/span>\uff08\u6df7\u6c8c\u5b87\u5b99\uff09<\/span>\u201d\uff0c\u786e\u5b9e\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684 Shannon \u4fe1\u606f\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u4f46\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u6211\u4eec\u51e0\u4e4e\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f97\u77e5\u201cchaosmos\u201d\u5728 Joyce \u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u542b\u4e49\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u6307\u67d0\u79cd\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\u7ec8\u6781\u5b9e\u5728\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u57fa\u4e8e\u6df7\u6c8c\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\uff1f\u8fd8\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u7c7b\u91cf\u5b50\u3001RWR\u578b\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u8868\u5f81\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u5b9e\u5728\uff1f\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u5173\u4e8e\u6df7\u6c8c\u4e0e\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u8fd8\u4e0d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8d85\u8d8a\u79d1\u5b66\u89c6\u89d2\u53bb\u770b\u5f85\u8fd9\u79cd\u6df7\u5408\u65f6\u2014\u2014\u800c\u4e54\u4f0a\u65af\u65e0\u7591\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u8bbe\u60f3\u5e76\u5448\u73b0\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u53e5\u5b50\u91cc\u7684\u5e0c\u814a\u5b57\u6bcd \u0393<\/span>\uff08gamma\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e54\u4f0a\u65af\u5f0f\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

            \n

            \u201cI am working out a quantum theory about it for it is really most tantumising state of affairs.\u201d [46] (p. 149)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

            \u4ece\u8868\u9762\u770b\uff0c\u201ctantalizing<\/span>\uff08\u4ee4\u4eba\u6e34\u671b\u5374\u96be\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\uff09<\/span>\u201d\u88ab\u6539\u4e3a\u201ctantumising\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bed\u8a00\u53d8\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 Shannon \u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u8868\u9762\u5c42\u6b21\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4ecd\u7136\u6d89\u53ca\u4e86\u611f\u53d7\u8d28\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6e38\u620f\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

            \u5355\u51ed\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u300a\u82ac\u5c3c\u6839\u5b88\u7075\u591c\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7c7b\u91cf\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u89e3\u8bfb\u3002\u5168\u9762\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u9700\u8981\u6df1\u5165\u9605\u8bfb\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4f46\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u89e3\u8bfb\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u540c\u4e00\u4eba\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e5f\u4f1a\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u6587\u5b66\u4f53\u9a8c\u662f\u4e3b\u89c2\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u4e14\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4f53\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\uff0c\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u51fa Shannon \u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6355\u6349\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u7c7b\u91cf\u5b50\u6570\u5b66\u5de5\u5177\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u5982\u6b64\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ea\u80fd\u89e6\u53ca\u8868\u9762\u3002\u6587\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u6df1\u5c42\u6b21\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u521b\u9020\u6027\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u96be\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u6790\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

            \n
            \n
            \n
            \n

            \u6ce8\u91ca:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

            19. \u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u5177\u6709\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u53c2\u89c1\u6587\u732e [45]\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5bf9\u9690\u55bb\u6709\u7ec6\u81f4\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u5728\u4e8e\u65e0\u6cd5\u5904\u7406\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u8d28\u2014\u2014\u5373\u4e3b\u89c2\u4f53\u9a8c\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9a\u6027\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u611f\u53d7\u8d28\u5728\u7ecf\u5178\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u4ece\u672a\u88ab\u8003\u8651\u3002\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u56e0\u7d20\u4f7f\u5f97\u4efb\u4f55\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7ecf\u5178\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\uff08\u5373Kolmogorov\u578b\uff09\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u6846\u67b6\u5931\u6548\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u9996\u5148\u8f6c\u5411\u7c7b\u91cf\u5b50\u3001\u975eKolmogorov\u578b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u590d\u6742\u6027\u6765\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u7c7b\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u800c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u54ea\u6015\u662f\u7c7b\u91cf\u5b50\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u7ec8\u5c06\u96be\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u6587\u5b66\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u6df1\u5ea6\u3002\u8bd7\u6b4c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5173\u4e4e\uff08\u5927\u591a\u4e0d\u53ef\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\uff09\u611f\u53d7\u8d28\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0a\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u4ece\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u6e38\u620f\u5177\u6709\u67d0\u79cd\u201c\u7c7b\u91cf\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6e90\u81ea\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8eRWR\u8303\u7574\u3002\u4f46\u4e0e\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u5bf9\u201c\u73b0\u8c61\u4e4b\u6e38\u620f\u201d\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6587\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u5b66\u624b\u6bb5\u8fdb\u884c\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u6b64\u7c7b\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u8303\u56f4\u3002 Shannon \u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u5047\u8bbe\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u5ba2\u89c2\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5728\u4e8e\u4e3b\u89c2\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u57fa\u4e8e\u5ba2\u89c2\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u90fd\u96be\u4ee5\u6355\u6349\u7531\u8bcd\u8bed\u5524\u8d77\u7684<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u611f\u53d7\u8d28<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u611f\u53d7\u8d28\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u6839\u672c\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u7ecf\u5178\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u751a\u81f3\u7c7b\u91cf\u5b50\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u6790\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u6df1\u5c42\u542b\u4e49\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

            \n
            \n

            <\/span><\/section>\n

            <\/span><\/section>\n

            <\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


            <\/span><\/p>\n

            Joyce \u7b49\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u7c7b\u91cf\u5b50\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7c7b\u4f3c\u201c\u7ea0\u7f20\u201d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u4e86\u89e3\u6574\u4f53\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e86\u89e3\u5404\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u53ea\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u4f5c\u54c1\u8bed\u4e49\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u662f\u7531\u611f\u53d7\u8d28\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5904\u7406 Joyce \u521b\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u65e0\u6570\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e0e\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u6216\u8bfb\u8005\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u8be0\u91ca\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7c7b\u91cf\u5b50\u800c\u975e\u7c7b\u7ecf\u5178\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u8d85\u8d8a Kolmogorov \u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u65e0\u9650\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002\u4f46\u4e0e\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u6027\u96be\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u6548\u5904\u7406\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f9d\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5199\u4f5c\u3001\u9605\u8bfb\u548c\u601d\u8003\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba4\u77e5\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u827a\u672f\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6709\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\uff0c\u8fd8\u65e8\u5728\u5524\u8d77\u60c5\u611f\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5373\u5ba1\u7f8e\u611f\u53d7\u3002\u6240\u6709\u827a\u672f\u4f5c\u54c1\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u201c\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u4f53\u9a8c\u8be5\u7ed3\u6784\u65f6\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u53cd\u5e94\u201d\u5171\u540c\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f53\u9a8c\u4e0e<\/span><\/span>\u611f\u53d7\u8d28<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u5728\u6587\u5b66\u548c\u827a\u672f\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u611f\u53d7\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u662f\u5176\u672c\u8d28\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u6587\u5b66\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4ee5<\/span><\/span>\u611f\u53d7\u8d28<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4e3a\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u6781\u7aef\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5efa\u6a21<\/span>\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7c7b\u91cf\u5b50\u6a21\u578b\uff09<\/span>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u65e0\u6548\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u9002\u7528\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

            \u5373\u4fbf\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u786e\u5b9a\u5b83\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u6355\u6349\u81ea\u7136\u7ec8\u6781\u5b9e\u5728\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5f3aRWR\u8be0\u91ca\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7ec8\u6781\u5b9e\u5728\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u90a3\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u80fd\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u201c\u4e0d\u53ef\u60f3\u8c61\u201d\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u63a2\u7d22\u610f\u8bc6\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u201c\u96be\u9898\u201d\uff09<\/span>\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u76ee\u524d\u65e0\u6cd5\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u6df1\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u6211\u4eec\u653e\u5f03\u79d1\u5b66\u6216\u6570\u5b66\u5efa\u6a21\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u627f\u8ba4\u4eba\u7c7b\u8ba4\u77e5\u6709\u5176\u8fb9\u754c\u3002\u6b63\u5982 Bohr \u5728\u88ab\u95ee\u53ca\u5149\u5b50\u201c\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u201d\u65f6\u6240\u8bf4<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

            \n

            \u201c\u2018\u5b58\u5728\u2019\uff1f\u2018\u5b58\u5728\u2019\u53c8\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

            \u2014\u2014\u636e\u79f0\u8fd9\u662f\u4ed6\u5bf9 H. H\u00f6ffding \u63d0\u95ee\u7684\u56de\u5e94 [50]\uff08\u7b2c131\u9875\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

            \u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u89c2\u6d4b\u6765\u8c08\u8bba\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u6cd5\u8131\u79bb\u89c2\u6d4b\u8c08\u5b83\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u201c\u5b58\u5728\u201d\u3002\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u4e0d\u4ec5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u9762\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u96be\u4ee5\u7528\u6570\u5b66\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002RWR\u8be0\u91ca\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\uff1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4e0d\u662f\u63ed\u793a\u201c\u73b0\u5b9e\u672c\u8eab\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u73b0\u8c61\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u81f4\u4e14\u6709\u7528\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5728\u7269\u7406\u8fd8\u662f\u5bf9\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u90fd\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u4fdd\u6301\u8c26\u900a\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u8d85\u51fa\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4fdd\u6301\u5f00\u653e\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


            <\/span><\/h1>\n
            \n
            \n
            \n

            \u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

            \n
            \n
            \n
            \n


            <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

              \n
            1. \n

              Plotnitsky A. 2021 Reality without realism: matter, thought, and technology of quantum physics. Berlin, Germany: Springer.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            2. \n

              Plotnitsky A. 2021 Nature has no elementary particles and makes no measurements or predictions: quantum measurement and quantum theory, from Bohr to Bell and from Bell to Bohr. Entropy 23, 1197. (doi:10.3390\/e23091197)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            3. \n

              Plotnitsky A. 2022 ‘Yet Once More’: the double-slit experiment and quantum discontinuity. Entropy 24, 1455. (doi:10.3390\/e24101455)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            4. \n

              Plotnitsky A. 2023 In our mind eye: Visible and invisible in quantum theory, with Schr\u00f6dinger’s cat experiment, arXiv:2301.11933 [physics.hist-ph][quantum-ph].<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            5. \n

              Ladyman J. 2016 Structural realism. In Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (ed. EN Zalta), see https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/archives\/win2016\/entries\/structural-realism\/.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            6. \n

              Bohr N. 1987 The philosophical writings of niels Bohr, vol. 3. Woodbridge, CT: Ox Bow Press.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            7. \n

              Heisenberg W. 1962 Physics and philosophy: The revolution in modern science. New York, NY: Harper & Row.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            8. \n

              Bohr N. 1935 Can quantum-mechanical description of physical reality be considered complete? Phys. Rev. 48, 696-702. (doi:10.1103\/PhysRev.48.696)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            9. \n

              Schr\u00f6dinger E. 1935 The present situation in quantum mechanics. In Quantum theory and measurement, vol. 1983 (eds JA Wheeler, WH Zurek), pp. 152-167. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            10. \n

              ‘t Hooft G. 2018 Time, the arrow of time, and quantum mechanics. Front. Phys. 6, 81. (doi:10.3389\/fphy.2018.00081)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            11. \n

              Bohr N. 1937 Causality and complementarity. In The philosophical writings of Niels Bohr, volume 4: Causality and complementarity, supplementary papers, vol. 1999 (eds J Faye, H Folse), pp. 83-91. Woodbridge, CT: Ox Bow Press.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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              Plotnitsky A. 2016 The principles of quantum theory, from Planck’s quanta to the Higgs boson: The nature of quantum reality and the spirit of Copenhagen. New York, NY: Springer\/Nature.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            13. \n

              Mehra J, Rechenberg H. 2001 The historical development of quantum theory, vol. 6. Berlin, Germany: Springer.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            14. \n

              D’Ariano GM. 2018 Causality re-established. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 376, 20170313. (doi:10.1098\/rsta.2017.0313)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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              Hardy L. 2010 A formalism-local framework for general probabilistic theories,including quantum theory arXiv:1005.5164 [quant-ph].<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            16. \n

              Brukner C. 2014 Quantum causality. Nat. Phys 10, 259-263. (doi:10.1038\/nphys2930)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            17. \n

              Birkhoff G, von Neumann J. 1936 The logic of quantum mechanics. Ann. Math. 37, 823-843. (doi:10.2307\/1968621)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            18. \n

              Jaeger G. 2012 Potentiality and causality. AIP Conf. Proc. 1424, 387-394. (doi:10.1063\/1.3688991)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            19. \n

              Barbour JB. 1999 The end of time: The next revolution in physics. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            20. \n

              Barbour JB. 2020 The Janus point: A new theory of time. New York, NY: Basic Books.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            21. \n

              Busch P. 2002 Classical vs. quantum ontology. Stud. Hist. Phil. Modern Phys. 33, 517-539. (doi:10.1016\/S1355-2198(02)00023-0)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            22. \n

              Derrida J. 1974 Of grammatology (transl. GC Spitak). Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            23. \n

              Emery N, Markosian N, Sullivan M. 2020 ‘Time’, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (ed. EN Zalta). See https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/archives\/win2020\/entries\/time\/.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            24. \n

              De Finetti B. 2008 Philosophical lectures on probability (transl. H Hosny). Berlin, Germany: Springer.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            25. \n

              Fuchs CA, Mermin ND, Schack R. 2014 An introduction to QBism with an application to the locality of quantum mechanics. Am. J. Phys. 82, 749-754. (doi:10.1119\/1.4874855)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            26. \n

              Plotnitsky A. 2022 A Toss without a coin: Information, discontinuity, and mathematics in quantum theory. Entropy 24, 532. (doi:10.3390\/e24040532)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            27. \n

              Penrose R. 1995 The emperor’s new mind. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            28. \n

              Chalmers D. 2010 The character of consciousness. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            29. \n

              Plotnitsky A. 2022 ‘Most tantumising state of affairs’: mathematical and nonmathematical in quantum-like understanding of thinking. Front. Psychol. 13, 934776. (doi:10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.934776)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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              <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

              \n
              \n

              \u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u53ef<\/span>\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6ed1\u52a8<\/span><\/strong>\u67e5\u770b<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


              <\/span><\/p>\n


              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \n
              \n
              \n
              \n

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              <\/span><\/section>\n

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              \u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u4ece2025\u5e743\u670816\u65e5\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6bcf\u5468\u65e5\u65e99:00-11:00\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u9884\u8ba110\u5468\u5de6\u53f3\u3002\u6bcf\u5468\u8fdb\u884c\u7ebf\u4e0a\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e3b\u8bb2\u4eba\u7b49\u793e\u533a\u6210\u5458\u5f53\u9762\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u89c6\u9891\u56de\u653e\u6301\u7eed\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u8bda\u631a\u9080\u8bf7\u9886\u57df\u5185\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u3001\u5bfb\u6c42\u8de8\u9886\u57df\u878d\u5408\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u52a0\u5165\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u63a2\u8ba8\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/a><\/section>\n

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              <\/span><\/h1>\n
              \u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
              <\/strong><\/section>\n
              1.\u5bf9\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u65b0\u89c6\u89d2\uff1a\u4ece\u91cf\u5b50\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u5230\u91cf\u5b50\u56e0\u679c<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong>
              <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
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              <\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
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              <\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
              <\/strong><\/section>\n
              4.<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u6e38\u620f\u5316\u79d1\u7814\u2014\u2014\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u7a81\u7834\u5185\u5377\u3001\u5171\u7814\u6d8c\u73b0<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
              <\/strong>5. <\/span><\/strong>\u63a2\u7d22\u8005\u8ba1\u5212 | \u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e82025\u5185\u5bb9\u56e2\u961f\u62db\u52df\uff08\u5168\u804c&\u517c\u804c\uff09<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

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              7.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span>\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u524d\u6cbf\u5341\u8bb2\uff1a\u7406\u89e3\u81ea\u7136\u3001\u751f\u547d\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


              <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


              <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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              \u6458\u8981 \u672c\u6587\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\uff1a\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u89c2\u6d4b\u884c\u4e3a\u672c\u8eab\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u9020\u6210\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u5e72\u6270\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e72\u6270\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u6d88\u9664\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5b83\u4f7f\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u4e0e\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u6839\u672c\u533a\u522b\u5f00\u6765\u3002\u5c3c\u5c14\u65af\u00b7\u73bb\u5c14\u636e\u6b64\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u91cf\u5b50\u6d4b\u91cf\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u201c\u521b\u9020\u201d\u800c\u975e\u5bf9\u9884\u5b58\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u89e3\u91ca\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u201c\u4e92\u8865\u6027\u539f\u7406\u201d\u6765\u6269\u5c55\u7ecf\u5178\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u7684…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":61407,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"special":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61424"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=61424"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61424\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/61407"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=61424"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=61424"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=61424"},{"taxonomy":"special","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fspecial&post=61424"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}