{"id":63097,"date":"2025-08-05T15:29:40","date_gmt":"2025-08-05T07:29:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=63097"},"modified":"2025-08-05T15:29:40","modified_gmt":"2025-08-05T07:29:40","slug":"%e5%bd%93%e7%94%9f%e5%91%bd%e5%a4%8d%e6%9d%82%e6%80%a7%e8%a2%ab%e7%a5%9e%e5%8c%96%ef%bc%8c%e8%bf%9b%e5%8c%96%e7%90%86%e8%ae%ba%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e6%ad%a3%e5%90%8d%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=63097","title":{"rendered":"\u5f53\u751f\u547d\u590d\u6742\u6027\u88ab\u795e\u5316\uff0c\u8fdb\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u6b63\u540d\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Michael Lynch\u4e28\u4f5c\u8005<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u8bba\u6587\u9898\u76ee\uff1aComplexity myths and the misappropriation of evolutionary  theory<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8bba\u6587\u5730\u5740\uff1ahttps:\/\/www.pnas.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1073\/pnas.2425772122<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8bba\u6587\u6765\u6e90\uff1aPNAS<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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<\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/section>\n

\u5176\u4e2d\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • \n

    N<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a\u6837\u672c\u4e2d\u5206\u5b50\u79cd\u7c7b\u6570\u91cf<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    a<\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span>\uff1a\u7b2ci<\/span><\/span>\u7c7b\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u7ec4\u88c5\u6307\u6570<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u4ece\u57fa\u672c\u6784\u4ef6\u51fa\u53d1\u7ec4\u88c5\u51fa\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u6b65\u9aa4\u6570\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    n<\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span>\uff1a\u6837\u672c\u4e2d\u7b2ci<\/span><\/span>\u7c7b\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6570\u91cf<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

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    <\/span><\/p>\n

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    <\/span><\/p>\n

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    <\/span><\/p>\n

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    <\/span><\/p>\n

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    <\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/section>\n


    <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u82e5\u5c06\u6837\u672c\u91cf\u7ffb\u500d\uff08\u5373<\/span><\/span>N=2<\/span><\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>n<\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span>=4\uff0c<\/span><\/span>N<\/span><\/span>T<\/span><\/sub>=8<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5206\u5b50\u7ec4\u6210\u672a\u53d8\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5374\u53d8\u4e3a\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/section>\n


    <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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    <\/span><\/p>\n

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    <\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/section>\n


    <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u6539\u53d8\u516c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u4e24\u9879\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u7531\u4e8e\u5206\u6bcd\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86N<\/span><\/span>T<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97<\/span><\/span>(n<\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/sub>\u22121)<\/span><\/span><\/span>\/<\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/span>N<\/span><\/span>T<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u8fd9\u4e00\u9879\u5e76\u975e\u72ec\u7acb\u8861\u91cf\u67d0\u7c7b\u5206\u5b50\u201c\u6613\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\u201d\u7684\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u6574\u4e2a\u6837\u672c\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e00\u516c\u5f0f\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u6027\u592a\u5f3a\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5355\u4e00\u6307\u6807A<\/span><\/span>\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u591a\u79cd\u751a\u81f3\u76f8\u4e92\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd9\u8fd8\u4e0d\u662f\u7ec4\u88c5\u7406\u8bba\u6700\u5927\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u66f4\u4e3a\u6839\u672c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u53cd\u590d\u8bef\u7528\u201c\u9009\u62e9\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u672a\u80fd\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u5728\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fdb\u5316\u4e5f\u662f\u7a81\u53d8\u504f\u5dee\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u4e0e<\/span><\/span>\u9057\u4f20\u6f02\u53d8\uff08genetic drift\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6df7\u6dc6\u4e86\u201c\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7a81\u53d8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u4e4b\u540e\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u4fdd\u7559\u201d\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u672c\u8d28\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5728\u8fdb\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u6f02\u53d8\u201d\u6307\u7684\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u968f\u673a\u56e0\u7d20\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6709\u9650\u7684\u79cd\u7fa4\u89c4\u6a21\u3001\u5bb6\u65cf\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u53d8\u5f02\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u591a\u4e2a\u7a81\u53d8\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u5e72\u6270\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u5165\u201c\u566a\u58f0\u201d\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u5236\u6784\u6210\u4e86<\/span><\/span>\u8fdb\u5316\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9[5,6]\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u4e3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u8bbe\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\uff1aA<\/span><\/span>\u548ca<\/span><\/span>\uff0c\u5176\u6b63\u5411\u4e0e\u53cd\u5411\u8f6c\u5316<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u751f\u6210\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u901f\u7387\u5206\u522b\u4e3au<\/span><\/span>\u548c\u03bd<\/span><\/span>\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49<\/span><\/span>\"image.png\"<\/span><\/sub><\/span>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7a81\u53d8\u504f\u5411\u4e8eA<\/span><\/span>\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u5728\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u7c7b\u6bd4\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u7b49\u4f4d\u57fa\u56e0\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u53ef\u9006\u7a81\u53d8\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5176\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\u53ef\u4e92\u6362\u7c92\u5b50\u72b6\u6001\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u5047\u8bbeA<\/span><\/span>\u7c7b\u578b\u5904\u4e8e\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u6b63\u5411\u9009\u62e9\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\uff0c\u5176\u9009\u62e9\u4f18\u52bf\u4e3as<\/span><\/span>\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u957f\u671f\u7a33\u6001\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0ca<\/span><\/span>\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u9891\u7387\u4e3a\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/section>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u5176\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span><\/span>N<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/sub><\/span>\u8868\u793a\u6709\u6548\u79cd\u7fa4\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u5b83\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u201c\u566a\u58f0\u201d\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u2014\u2014<\/span><\/span>N<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/sub><\/span>\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u968f\u673a\u6f02\u53d8\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u8d8a\u5c0f\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u6548\u7387\u8d8a\u9ad8[15, 16]\u3002\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u4e24\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u51e0\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u7a0b\u3002\u53ea\u9700\u5c06\u80cc\u666f\u70ed\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u66ff\u4ee3<\/span><\/span>\"image.png\"<\/span><\/sub>\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u8457\u540d\u7684\u73bb\u5c14\u5179\u66fc\u65b9\u7a0b<\/span>\uff08Boltzmann equation\uff09<\/span>[17, 18]\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u8fd9\u79cd\u516c\u5f0f\u5f62\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u81f3\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5305\u62ec Sharma \u7b49\u4eba\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u8def\u5f84\u6784\u6210\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7ec4\u88c5\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4e24\u6001\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4e5f\u8db3\u4ee5\u9610\u660e\u4e24\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5728\u201c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u4f5c\u7528\uff08<\/span><\/span>s=0<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff09\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6216\u5f53\u968f\u673a\u6f02\u53d8\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e\u9009\u62e9\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff08\u5373<\/span><\/span>N<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/sub>s\u226a1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff09\u201d\u65f6\uff0cA<\/span><\/span>\u7c7b\u578b\u4ecd\u5c06\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u96f6\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u9891\u7387\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/section>\n


    <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u5176\u4e2d<\/span><\/span>\"image.png\"<\/span><\/sub>\u662f\u6b63\u5411\u4e0e\u53cd\u5411\u8f6c\u5316\u901f\u7387\u7684\u6bd4\u503c\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6ca1\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u4ec5\u9760\u7a81\u53d8\u504f\u5411\u5c31\u8db3\u4ee5\u5bfc\u81f4\u5206\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u504f\u5dee\u3002\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5e76\u975e\u4ea7\u751f\u5206\u5e03\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4ec5\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u5408\u53c2\u6570<\/span><\/span>\"image.png\"<\/span><\/sub>\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ec5\u51ed\u67d0\u4e00\u5206\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b<\/span>\uff08\u5982A<\/span><\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u9891\u7387\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u9ad8\u9891\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u53ef\u80fd\u6e90\u4e8e\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u5b9a\u5411\u7a81\u53d8\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6765\u81ea\u9009\u62e9\u504f\u5411\u2014\u2014\u82e5\u65e0\u989d\u5916\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u751f\u4ea7\u504f\u5dee\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4fbf\u65e0\u6cd5\u533a\u5206\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fdb\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6<\/span>\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff09<\/span>\u65e9\u5df2\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8981\u4ece\u9891\u7387\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u63a8\u65ad\u9009\u62e9\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8f85\u4ee5\u5173\u4e8e\u7a81\u53d8\u6216\u751f\u4ea7\u504f\u5411\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u4fe1\u606f\u3002Sharma \u7b49\u4eba\u6df7\u6dc6\u4e86\u201c\u7a81\u53d8\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u9009\u62e9\u201d\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u672c\u8d28\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5e76\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u53ef\u9006\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u5728\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5bf9\u751f\u4ea7\u901f\u7387\u8fdb\u884c\u91cf\u5316\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ec5\u51ed<\/span><\/span>\u7ec4\u88c5\u5ea6\u91cf<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u51e0\u4e4e\u65e0\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u5173\u9009\u62e9\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    • \n

      \u5206\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u663e\u8457\u504f\u5411\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u51fa\u73b0\uff1b<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      \u5373\u4f7f\u5b58\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6ee1\u8db3<\/span><\/span>\"image.png\"<\/span><\/sub>=1<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff0c\u5176\u5206\u5e03\u4ecd\u53ef\u80fd\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u770b\u4f3c\u5747\u5300\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n


      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \u81f3\u4e8e<\/span><\/span>a<\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/sub><\/span>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u7ec4\u88c5\u6307\u6570\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u6216\u8bb8\u80fd\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u5883\u4e0b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8861\u91cf\u5206\u5b50\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u8003\u6307\u6807\u2014\u2014\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e00\u60f3\u6cd5\u5e76\u4e0d\u65b0\u9896[13]\u3002\u4f46\u8003\u8651\u5230\u4e0a\u8ff0\u79cd\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u7f3a\u9677\uff0cSharma \u7b49\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u5ea6\u91cfA<\/span><\/span>\u5728\u89e3\u91ca\u590d\u6742\u6027\u8d77\u6e90\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5e76\u65e0\u5b9e\u8d28\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


      <\/span><\/p>\n


      <\/span><\/h2>\n

      \n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      \n

      <\/span><\/section>\n

      <\/span><\/section>\n
      \n
      <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
      \n

      \u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u5e7b\u89c9<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

      \n

      <\/span><\/section>\n

      <\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


      <\/span><\/h2>\n

      \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u662f\u201c<\/span><\/span>\u7ec4\u88c5\u5ea6\u91cf<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\u6027\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4e0e Wong \u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u76f8\u5173\u3002Sharma \u7b49\u4eba\u9690\u542b\u5730\u5047\u8bbe\uff1a\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u4ea7\u751f\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u89c2\u70b9\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u5728\u6301\u7eed\u8ffd\u6c42\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u3001\u7ec6\u80de\u6216\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u7684\u751f\u7269\u786e\u5b9e\u6bd4\u201c\u6700\u540e\u7684\u901a\u7528\u7956\u5148\u201d<\/span>\uff08LUCA\uff09<\/span>\u65f6\u671f\u66f4\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u56db\u5341\u4ebf\u5e74\u524d\u7ec6\u80de\u521a\u521a\u51fa\u73b0\u65f6\uff0c\u6f14\u5316\u53ea\u80fd\u671d\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u53d1\u5c55\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u65e0\u5230\u6709\u3002\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u5728\u8fd9\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e00\u76f4\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u663e\u8457\u589e\u52a0\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002\u8003\u8651\u5230\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u79cd\u7fa4\u89c4\u6a21\u548c\u6781\u77ed\u7684\u4e16\u4ee3\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u771f\u7684\u5177\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u663e\u7136\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u8db3\u591f\u591a\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u53bb\u5b9e\u73b0\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u3001\u5206\u5b50\u548c\u7ec6\u80de\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u6f14\u5316\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u901a\u5411\u771f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5f62\u6001\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u4e3a\u7f55\u89c1\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u4e4b\u6811\u7684\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u539f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u3002\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u76ee\u524d\u5927\u7ea6\u6709<\/span><\/span>10<\/span><\/span>30<\/span><\/sup><\/span>\u4e2a\u539f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u4e2a\u4f53\uff0c\u6bd4\u5355\u7ec6\u80de\u771f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u9ad8\u51fa\u4e09\u4e2a\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7\uff0c\u6bd4\u540e\u751f\u52a8\u7269<\/span>\uff08metazoan\uff09<\/span>\u66f4\u662f\u9ad8\u51fa\u5341\u4e2a\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7[19]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\u663e\u7136\u5e76\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u201c\u751f\u547d\u6ce8\u5b9a\u8d70\u5411\u590d\u6742\u201d\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


      <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/section>\n


      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u57fa\u56e0\u7ed3\u6784\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u5927\u5e45\u6269\u5c55\u4e3b\u8981\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u540e\u751f\u52a8\u7269\u548c\u9646\u751f\u690d\u7269\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u751f\u547d\u4e4b\u6811\u4e2d\u53ea\u662f\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7fa4\u6070\u597d\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u6709\u6548\u79cd\u7fa4\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u5927\u5e45\u4e0b\u964d[19, 20]\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u524d\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8c31\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u6570\u76ee\u7684\u589e\u957f\u4e5f\u901a\u5e38\u4ec5\u4e3a\u539f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u7684\u4e24\u5230\u4e94\u500d\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u81ea\u771f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u51fa\u73b0\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf\u5341\u4e07\u5e74\u53ea\u9700\u65b0\u589e\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u57fa\u56e0\u3002\u5982\u540e\u6587\u5c06\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u7269\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u6269\u589e\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\u5176\u5b9e\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u6709\u5bb3\u7684\u53ef\u79fb\u52a8\u9057\u4f20\u5143\u4ef6\u4ee5\u53ca\u86cb\u767d\u7f16\u7801\u57fa\u56e0\u4e2d\u7684\u975e\u7f16\u7801\u5185\u542b\u5b50\u63d2\u5165[20]\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \u4eba\u4eec\u5e38\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u57fa\u56e0\u548c\u5f02\u6e90\u590d\u5408\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u63d0\u5347\u751f\u7269\u7684\u7a33\u5065\u6027\uff08robustness\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u540c\u6837\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5b9e\u8bc1\u652f\u6301<\/span><\/span><\/strong>[19]\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u540e\u751f\u52a8\u7269\u548c\u9646\u751f\u690d\u7269\u5728DNA\u590d\u5236\u4e0e\u4fee\u590d\u673a\u5236\u4e0a\u66f4\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6709\u5bb3\u7a81\u53d8\u7387\u5374\u663e\u8457\u9ad8\u4e8e\u539f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u771f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u62e5\u6709\u66f4\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u53ca\u5176\u7ec4\u88c5\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u901f\u7387\u6216\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u5e76\u672a\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u5176\u50ac\u5316\u901f\u7387\u548c\u9176\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u6027\u53cd\u800c\u4f4e\u4e8e\u539f\u6838\u751f\u7269<\/span>\uff08\u540e\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u6784\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u540c\u6e90\u9176\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u771f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u5728\u751f\u7269\u80fd\u91cf\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u4e5f\u5f31\u4e8e\u539f\u6838\u751f\u7269<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u751f\u957f\u901f\u7387\u66f4\u4f4e\uff09<\/span>[21, 22]\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5dee\u5f02\u5728\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u7269\u79cd\u4e2d\u5c24\u4e3a\u660e\u663e[23]\u3002\u6700\u540e\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u751f\u7269<\/span>\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5bc4\u751f\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5360\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u90e8\u5206\uff09<\/span>\u5f80\u5f80\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u8fdb\u5316\u51fa\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u540e\u751f\u52a8\u7269\u8c31\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u7528\u4e8e\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u548c\u8f85\u56e0\u5b50\u5408\u6210\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5408\u6210\u901a\u8def\u4e5f\u5df2\u4e22\u5931\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \u751f\u547d\u4f53\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u5177\u5907\u81ea\u6211\u590d\u5236\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u65e0\u751f\u547d\u7269\u4f53\u3002\u751f\u547d\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5728LUCA\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u786e\u7acb\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5076\u7136\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6240\u9057\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u5206\u5b50\u7ec4\u88c5\u4e0e\u5206\u89e3\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5316\u5b66\u6216\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u771f\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ec4\u88c5\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e0e\u8bd5\u7ba1\u4e2d\u3001\u6c89\u79ef\u7269\u4e2d\u6216\u6c14\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u5df2\u77e5\u4e0d\u540c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u80b2\u8c31\u7cfb\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5408\u6210\u673a\u5236\u5b58\u5728\u663e\u8457\u5dee\u5f02[19]\uff0c\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u9002\u5b9c\u751f\u547d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u661f\u7403\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u5236\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u7ec6\u80de\u3001\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u7269\u4e2d\u66f4\u4e3a\u660e\u663e\u7684\u201c\u9519\u8bef\u9632\u5fa1\u673a\u5236\u201d\u548c\u201c\u9057\u4f20\u4e0e\u4ee3\u8c22\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u201d\uff0c\u53c8\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u91ca\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73b0\u8c61\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u4e0eWong\u7b49\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u4fe1\u606f\u9012\u589e\u5b9a\u5f8b\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u9012\u589e\u5b9a\u5f8b\u201d[24]\uff09<\/span>\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\uff1f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u5b9a\u5f8b\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u91cd\u529b\u3001\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u3001\u7535\u5b66\u548c\u78c1\u5b66\u7b49\u7269\u7406\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u7b54\u6848\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u751f\u7269\u901a\u8def\u4e2d\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u5c42\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u524a\u5f31\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5404\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6027\u80fd\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u6574\u4f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u957f\u671f\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u5e76\u672a\u63d0\u5347[25, 26]\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4ea7\u751f\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u56fa\u5316\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728<\/span><\/span>\u5efa\u6784\u6027\u4e2d\u6027\u6f14\u5316\u7406\u8bba (constructive neutral evolution\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4f53\u73b0[27, 28]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u666e\u904d\u539f\u5219\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u5b66\uff0c\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u7c7b\u53d1\u660e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u67b6\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81[26]\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \u529f\u80fd\u4fe1\u606f\uff08functional information\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5230\u5e95\u6307\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1fWong \u7b49\u4eba\u5e76\u672a\u660e\u786e\u7ed9\u51fa\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u663e\u7136\u5fc3\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cf\u5316\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u65ad\u8a00\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u5f81\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u589e\u957f\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5c06\u201c\u529f\u80fd\u201d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u5904\u4e8e\u9009\u62e9\u4f5c\u7528\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u67d0\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u3002\u4ece\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u548c\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u8d1f\u8d23\u6784\u5efa\u7ec6\u80de\u6709\u673a\u6750\u6599\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u5206\u5b50\u2014\u2014\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u51fa\u51e0\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u90fd\u4f1a\u4e0d\u65ad\u4ea7\u751f\u65b0\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u590d\u5236\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5076\u7136\u4e8b\u4ef6[20]\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u91cd\u590d\u57fa\u56e0\u8981\u4e48\u90e8\u5206\u5197\u4f59\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5b8c\u5168\u5197\u4f59\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u662f\u77ed\u6682\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5728\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u771f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u4e2d\uff0c\u91cd\u590d\u57fa\u56e0\u6bd4\u5728\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u4e2d\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u4fdd\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u65b0\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u5c06\u539f\u6709\u529f\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5206\u5272<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u201c\u4e9a\u529f\u80fd\u5316\u201d\uff0csubfunctionalization\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e9a\u529f\u80fd\u5316\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u4e3b\u52a8\u8ffd\u6c42\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u679c\u672c\u8eab\u5bf9\u80fd\u91cf\u548c\u7a81\u53d8\u6765\u8bf4\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8d1f\u62c5\u2014\u2014\u800c\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5728\u6709\u6548\u79cd\u7fa4\u89c4\u6a21\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u8c31\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u6548\u7387\u6709\u6240\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53c8\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u57fa\u56e0\u6570\u91cf\u4e0e<\/span><\/span>\u529f\u80fd\u4fe1\u606f<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5185\u542b\u5b50\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u6700\u540e\u7684\u666e\u904d\u5171\u540c\u7956\u5148<\/span>\uff08LUCA\uff09<\/span>\u4e4b\u524d\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u6211\u589e\u6b96\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4fb5\u5165\u4e86\u771f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u7ed9\u5bbf\u4e3b\u57fa\u56e0\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u539f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u6240\u6ca1\u6709\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6d88\u8017\u548c\u8bf1\u53d8\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5185\u542b\u5b50\u5e8f\u5217\u786e\u5b9e\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u529f\u80fd\u4fe1\u606f<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5185\u542b\u5b50<\/span>\uff08\u53ca\u5176\u90bb\u8fd1\u7684\u5916\u663e\u5b50\u5e8f\u5217\uff09<\/span>\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u526a\u63a5\u590d\u5408\u4f53\u8bc6\u522b\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5173\u952e\u57fa\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\u7956\u5148\u771f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u4e2d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u56e0\u7ed3\u6784\u4fee\u9970\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u662f\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u589e\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\u542b\u91cf\u63a8\u52a8\u7684\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u6070\u6070\u76f8\u53cd\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u9057\u4f20\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u5197\u4f59\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u5bc6\u7801\u5b50\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0a\u7684\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u66ff\u6362\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u6700\u7ec8\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7684\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u62e5\u6709\u6781\u5927\u6709\u6548\u79cd\u7fa4\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u4e2d\uff0c\u7279\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u9ad8\u8f6c\u5f55\u6216\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6548\u7387\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u6b63\u5411\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5f53\u201c\u6709\u6548\u4e2d\u6027\u201d\u6548\u5e94\u5728\u771f\u6838\u751f\u7269<\/span>\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b<\/span><\/span>N<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span>\u6781\u4f4e\u7684\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u7fa4\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u663e\u8457\u65f6\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u610f\u5473\u7740<\/span><\/span>\u529f\u80fd\u4fe1\u606f<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u6b63\u5728\u9010\u6e10\u4e22\u5931\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u53c8\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u505c\u6b62\u5c06\u67d0\u4e2a\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u4f4d\u70b9\u6216\u67d0\u4e2a\u57fa\u56e0\u89c6\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u529f\u80fd\u6216\u4fe1\u606f\u5185\u5bb9\uff1f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u6570\u4e0d\u591a\u7684\u660e\u786e\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u6838\u9176\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u542b\u91cf\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5176\u5927\u5c0f\u201d\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u4eec\u968f\u540e\u53c8\u58f0\u79f0\uff1a\u201c\u67d0\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u4e27\u5931\u4ecd\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee3\u8868\u6240\u9009\u529f\u80fd\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u529f\u80fd\u4fe1\u606f<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u542b\u4e49\u4e0d\u6e05\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u59a8\u518d\u4ee5\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5b83\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u9176\u3002\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee4\u4eba\u8d39\u89e3\u7684\u5927\u578b\u5206\u5b50\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u771f\u6838\u8c31\u7cfb\u4e2d rRNA \u7684\u663e\u8457\u6269\u5f20\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u968f\u610f\u7684\u589e\u957f\u4ec5\u51fa\u73b0\u5728 rRNA \u4e2d\u529f\u80fd\u533a\u57df\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u7247\u6bb5\u4e0a\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u771f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u4e2d\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u86cb\u767d\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u4e5f\u6709\u663e\u8457\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u751f\u7269\u5408\u6210\u6240\u9700\u7684\u673a\u5236\u66f4\u662f\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u66f4\u4e3a\u5267\u70c8\u7684\u6269\u5c55[19]\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u5316\u662f\u7531\u6b63\u5411\u9009\u62e9\u63a8\u52a8\u7684\u3002\u66f4\u5408\u7406\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u662f\uff1a\u5728\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u751f\u7269<\/span>\uff08\u5355\u7ec6\u80de\u7269\u79cd\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u8db3\u591f\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u8db3\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u8fd9\u7c7b\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \u8fd9\u4efd\u6e05\u5355\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u8c31\u7cfb\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u3001\u643a\u5e26\u4fe1\u606f\u4f46\u5177\u8d1f\u62c5\u7684\u5bc4\u751f\u6027\u9057\u4f20\u5143\u4ef6<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u8f6c\u5ea7\u5b50\u548c\u9006\u8f6c\u5ea7\u5b50\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6269\u589e\u3002\u4f46\u5173\u952e\u8bba\u70b9\u5df2\u7ecf\u9610\u660e\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6562\u4e8e\u63d0\u51fa\u8fdb\u5316\u65b0\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u4eec\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7406\u5e94\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bf4\u660e\u548c\u652f\u6301\u6570\u636e\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u53f2\u4e0a\u4e0d\u4e4f\u6619\u82b1\u4e00\u73b0\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u98ce\u6f6e\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5076\u5c14\u4e5f\u8574\u542b\u7740\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u601d\u60f3<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6765\u81ea\u6df7\u6c8c\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u534f\u540c\u8fdb\u5316\u3001\u53ef\u8fdb\u5316\u6027\u3001\u5206\u5f62\u51e0\u4f55\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u7a33\u5065\u6027\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f46\u901a\u5e38\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u800c<\/span><\/span>\u529f\u80fd\u4fe1\u606f\u589e\u957f\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff08Law of Increasing Functional Information\uff09\u5374\u8fde\u201c\u529f\u80fd\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4fe1\u606f\u201d\u7684\u6709\u7528\u5b9a\u4e49\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \u751f\u7269\u4f53\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u88ab\u7f8e\u5316\u7684\u673a\u5668\u6216\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a[29]\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u989d\u5916\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5c42\u6b21\u5e76\u975e\u5728\u7edd\u5bf9\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u662f\u4e2d\u6027\u7684\u3002\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u9519\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6784\u5efa\u548c\u7ef4\u6301\u5b83\u4eec\u6240\u9700\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6210\u672c\u4e5f\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u80fd\u591f\u5b8c\u6210\u67d0\u9879\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u5728\u9ad8\u6548\u8fd0\u4f5c\u65f6\u4f1a\u4f18\u5148\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u65b9\u6848\u2014\u2014\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u9009\u62e9\u7b80\u5355\u4e14\u6709\u6548\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u660e\u663e\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0e\u65e0\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u5927\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u53ea\u662f\u6309\u7167\u7269\u7406\u5316\u5b66\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u88ab\u52a8\u5730\u6cbf\u7740\u80fd\u91cf\u6d88\u8017\u6700\u5c0f\u3001\u963b\u529b\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u603b\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u73b0\u6709\u6240\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u90fd\u8868\u660e\uff1a\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u548c\u5206\u5b50\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u6781\u5c11\u6570\u8c31\u7cfb\uff08\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u6211\u4eec\u4eba\u7c7b\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8c31\u7cfb\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4fee\u9970\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u968f\u673a\u9057\u4f20\u6f02\u53d8\u589e\u5f3a\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u6548\u7387\u4e0b\u964d\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u526f\u4ea7\u7269\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
      \n
      \n


      <\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

      \n
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      \n
      \n
      \n

      <\/span><\/section>\n

      <\/span><\/section>\n
      \n
      <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
      \n

      \u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u79d1\u5b66<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

      \n

      <\/span><\/section>\n

      <\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \u4e00\u4e9b\u8bfb\u8005<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u8bb8\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u524d\u8ff0\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u5185\uff09<\/span>\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u524d\u6587\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u663e\u5f97\u8fc7\u4e8e\u81ea\u4fe1\u751a\u81f3\u50b2\u6162\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3b\u5f20\u5e94\u5f53\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u7559\u51fa\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u770b\u6cd5\u672c\u8eab\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u503c\u5f97\u63d0\u5021\uff1a\u79d1\u5b66\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u591a\u5143\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u78b0\u649e\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65ad\u524d\u884c\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f53\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5ffd\u89c6\u751a\u81f3\u62d2\u7edd\u53c2\u8003\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u57fa\u7840\u65f6\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u8d70\u5411\u5012\u9000\uff1b<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6001\u5ea6\u8fd8\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u8fc7\u5ea6\u81ea\u6211\u5ba3\u4f20\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5916\u754c\u7684\u8d28\u7591\u4e0e\u6279\u8bc4\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u751f\u7269\u8fdb\u5316\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5728\u7ee7\u627f\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5f02\u201d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u80fd\u591f\u98a0\u8986\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f53\u7cfb\u57fa\u672c\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u53ea\u5728\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u8fd9\u6837\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u624d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb150\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u79ef\u7d2f\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u79d1\u5b66\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u79d1\u7814\u961f\u4f0d\u4e5f\u5728\u6301\u7eed\u58ee\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u7c7b\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u5f0f\u53d1\u73b0\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u95f4\u9694\u5374\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u957f[30]\u3002\u8fd9\u6070\u6070\u7b26\u5408\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd0\u884c\u826f\u597d\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u4f53\u7cfb\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u9884\u671f\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \u5728\u8fdb\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6709\u5bb9\u7eb3\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u786e\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u90a3\u4e9b\u613f\u610f\u4ee5\u4e25\u8083\u65b9\u5f0f\u53c2\u4e0e\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u7684\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u8fdb\u5316\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u751f\u6001\u5b66\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u6070\u6070\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u6982\u7387\u8bba\u4e13\u5bb6\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u4eec\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u6570\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u6b64\u524d\u96be\u4ee5\u653b\u514b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5730\u7403\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u53ca\u5176\u5143\u7d20\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5bf9\u6f14\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u65bd\u52a0\u6839\u672c\u6027\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u3002\u8fdb\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u5e76\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u6765\u81ea\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u548c\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u65e9\u5177\u6709\u6574\u5408\u89c6\u91ce\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b63\u5f53\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u5408\u4f5c\u65e5\u76ca\u53d7\u5230\u91cd\u89c6\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u5374\u663e\u5f97\u4e0d\u5408\u65f6\u5b9c\uff1a\u5b83\u4eec\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5b9e\u5219\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \u8fdb\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u88ab\u5bf9\u5f85\u3002\u5916\u884c\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u5404\u81ea\u9886\u57df\u5185\u6781\u5177\u5efa\u6811\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u672a\u7ecf\u8bc1\u5b9e\u751a\u81f3\u79bb\u5947\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fdb\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u800c\u8a00\u5e76\u975e\u65b0\u9c9c\u4e8b\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4ece\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u82e5\u60f3\u5408\u7406\u5730\u5426\u5b9a\u6574\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5e0c\u671b\u5f15\u53d1\u8303\u5f0f\u9769\u547d\u7684\u4eba\u7406\u5e94\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bd5\u56fe\u63a8\u7ffb\u7684\u9886\u57df\u6709\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5b8c\u5168\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u5f15\u5165\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u666e\u904d\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u90a3\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u2014\u2014\u4f46\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u8bf4\u660e\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u95e8\u6210\u719f\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u575a\u5b9e\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u8bc1\u89c2\u5bdf\u52a0\u4ee5\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4f59\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u8d44\u6599\u6536\u96c6\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8fdb\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u6216\u8bb8\u5df2\u7ecf\u6bd4\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u79d1\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u60f3\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


      <\/span><\/p>\n


      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
      \n
      \n

      \u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

      \n
      \n
      \n
      \n


      <\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \n

        R. A. Fisher, <\/span><\/span>The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection<\/span><\/span><\/em> (Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK, 1930).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      2. \n

        J. B. S. Haldane, <\/span><\/span>The Causes of Evolution<\/span><\/span><\/em> (Longmans, Green and Co., New York, NY, 1932).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      3. \n

        S. Wright, <\/span><\/span>Evolution and the Genetics of Populations<\/span><\/span><\/em>, Vol. 1\u20134 (University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, 1969).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      4. \n

        M. Kimura, <\/span><\/span>The Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution<\/span><\/span><\/em> (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1983).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      5. \n

        B. Charlesworth, D. Charlesworth, <\/span><\/span>Elements of Evolutionary Genetics<\/span><\/span><\/em> (W. H. Freeman and Co., New York, NY, 2010).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      6. \n

        B. Walsh, M. Lynch, <\/span><\/span>Evolution and Selection of Quantitative Traits<\/span><\/span><\/em> (Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 2018).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      7. \n

        E. Jablonka, M. J. Lamb, <\/span><\/span>Evolution in Four Dimensions<\/span><\/span><\/em> (The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2006).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      8. \n

        M. Pigliucci, G. B. M\u00fcller, <\/span><\/span>Evolution: The Extended Synthesis<\/span><\/span><\/em> (The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2010).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      9. \n

        N. Feiner, M. Feldman, S. F. Gilbert, K. N. Lala, T. Uller, <\/span><\/span>Evolution Evolving<\/span><\/span><\/em> (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 2024).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      10. \n

        A. Sharma et al., Assembly theory explains and quantifies selection and evolution. <\/span><\/span>Nature<\/span><\/span><\/em> 622, 321\u2013328 (2023).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      11. \n

        M. L. Wong et al., On the roles of function and selection in evolving systems. <\/span><\/span>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 120, e2310223120 (2023).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      12. \n

        T. Tlusty, A. Libchaber, Life sets off a cascade of machines. <\/span><\/span>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 122, e2418000122 (2025).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      13. \n

        J. Jaeger, Assembly theory: What it does and what it does not do. <\/span><\/span>J. Mol. Evol.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 92, 87\u201392 (2024).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      14. \n

        S. M. Marshall, A. R. G. Murray, L. Cronin, A probabilistic framework for identifying biosignatures using pathway complexity. <\/span><\/span>Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A: Math., Phys. Eng. Sci.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 375, 20160342 (2017).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      15. \n

        W.-H. Li, Models of nearly neutral mutations with particular implications for nonrandom usage of synonymous codons. <\/span><\/span>J. Mol. Evol.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 24, 337\u2013345 (1987).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      16. \n

        M. Bulmer, The selection-mutation-drift theory of synonymous codon usage. <\/span><\/span>Genetics<\/span><\/span><\/em> 129, 897\u2013907 (1991).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      17. \n

        G. Sella, A. E. Hirsh, The application of statistical physics to evolutionary biology. <\/span><\/span>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 102, 9541\u20139546 (2005).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      18. \n

        H. P. de Vladar, N. H. Barton, The contribution of statistical physics to evolutionary biology. <\/span><\/span>Trends Ecol. Evol.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 26, 424\u2013432 (2011).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      19. \n

        M. Lynch, <\/span><\/span>Evolutionary Cell Biology<\/span><\/span><\/em> (Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 2024).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      20. \n

        M. Lynch, <\/span><\/span>The Origins of Genome Architecture<\/span><\/span><\/em> (Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, MA, 2007).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      21. \n

        M. Lynch, G. K. Marinov, The bioenergetic costs of a gene. <\/span><\/span>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 112, 15690\u201315695 (2015).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      22. \n

        M. Lynch, G. K. Marinov, Membranes, energetics, and evolution across the prokaryote\u2013eukaryote divide. <\/span><\/span>eLife<\/span><\/span><\/em> 6, e20437 (2017).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      23. \n

        M. Lynch, The bioenergetic cost of building a metazoan. <\/span><\/span>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 121, e2414742121 (2024).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      24. \n

        D. W. McShea, R. N. Brandon, <\/span><\/span>Biology\u2019s First Law: The Tendency for Diversity and Complexity to Increase in Evolutionary Systems<\/span><\/span><\/em> (University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, 2010).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      25. \n

        M. Lynch, Evolutionary layering and the limits to cellular perfection. <\/span><\/span>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 109, 18851\u201318856 (2012).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      26. \n

        S. A. Frank, Robustness and complexity. <\/span><\/span>Cell Syst.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 14, 1015\u20131020 (2023).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      27. \n

        S. A. Mu\u00f1oz-G\u00f3mez, G. Bilolikar, J. G. Wideman, K. Geiler-Samerotte, Constructive neutral evolution 20 years later. <\/span><\/span>J. Mol. Evol.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 89, 172\u2013182 (2021).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      28. \n

        L. Schulz, F. L. Sendker, G. K. Hochberg, Non-adaptive complexity and biochemical function. <\/span><\/span>Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 73, 102339 (2022).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      29. \n

        P. Ball, <\/span><\/span>How Life Works<\/span><\/span><\/em> (University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, 2023).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      30. \n

        M. Park, E. Leahey, R. J. Funk, Papers and patents are becoming less disruptive over time. <\/span><\/span>Nature<\/span><\/span><\/em> 613, 138\u2013144 (2023).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n


        <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

        \n
        \n

        \uff08\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u53ef<\/span>\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6ed1\u52a8<\/span><\/strong>\u67e5\u770b\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        -\u76f4\u64ad\u9884\u544a-<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n

        \u751f\u547d\u590d\u6742\u6027\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\uff1a\u751f\u547d\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6784\u6210\u539f\u7406<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

        \n


        <\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

        \u5728\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6cd5\u5219\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u4f5c\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u4fe1\u606f\u8f7d\u4f53\uff0c\u5728\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u5185\u7a33\u5b9a\u5b58\u5728\uff1b\u800c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6cd5\u5219\u672b\u7aef\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\uff0c\u5176\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6784\u6210\u548c\u65f6\u7a7a\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5448\u6307\u6570\u5f0f\u589e\u957f\u3002\u968f\u7740\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u6765\u7684\u7a81\u98de\u731b\u8fdb\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u751f\u547d\u7ec4\u5b66\uff08\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u5b66\u3001\u8f6c\u5f55\u7ec4\u5b66\u3001\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7ec4\u5b66\u548c\u4ee3\u8c22\u7ec4\u5b66\u7b49\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff09\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u65e5\u65b0\u6708\u5f02\uff0c\u5f53\u4ee3\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b66\u4e34\u8fd1\u7206\u53d1\u7684\u8fb9\u7f18\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u6d77\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5982\u4f55\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u63ed\u793a\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u6700\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7cfb\u7edf\u2014\u2014\u201c\u4eba\u4f53\u201d\u7684\u6784\u6210\u539f\u7406\u548c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u539f\u7406\uff1f\u9610\u91ca\u4eba\u7c7b\u53d1\u80b2\u3001\u8870\u8001\u548c\u91cd\u5927\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u673a\u5236\uff1f<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        \u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u8054\u5408\u897f\u6e56\u5927\u5b66\u7406\u5b66\u9662\u53ca\u4ea4\u53c9\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8bb2\u5e2d\u6559\u6388\u6c64\u96f7\u7ff0\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff09\u526f\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u5e38\u4e58\u3001\u674e\u6768\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u6d78\u4f1a\u5927\u5b66\u52a9\u7406\u6559\u6388\u5510\u4e7e\u5143\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u524d\u6cbf\u4ea4\u53c9\u5b66\u79d1\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u6797\u4e00\u701a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u5206\u5b50\u7ec6\u80de\u79d1\u5b66\u5353\u8d8a\u521b\u65b0\u4e2d\u5fc3\u535a\u58eb\u540e\u5510\u8bd7\u5a55\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u53d1\u8d77<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u300c\u751f\u547d\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff1a\u751f\u547d\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6784\u6210\u539f\u7406\u300d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>\uff0c\u4ece\u5fae\u89c2\u7ec6\u80de\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3001\u4ecb\u89c2\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5668\u5b98\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5230\u5b8f\u89c2\u4eba\u4f53\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u68b3\u7406\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u53ca\u91cd\u8981\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7531\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u63d0\u95ee\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u3001\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u548c\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u5408\u4f5c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6fc0\u53d1\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u601d\u8def\u548c\u5408\u4f5c\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u76ee\u524d\u5171\u8fdb\u884c10\u671f\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u62a5\u540d\u53c2\u4e0e\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u5165\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u793e\u7fa4\uff0c\u89c2\u770b\u89c6\u9891\u56de\u653e\uff0c\u89e3\u9501\u5b8c\u6574\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        <\/section>\n

        \u8be6\u60c5\u8bf7\u89c1\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u751f\u547d\u590d\u6742\u6027\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\uff1a\u4ece\u5fae\u89c2\u5230\u5b8f\u89c2\uff0c\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u89c6\u89d2\u63a2\u7d22\u751f\u547d\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6784\u6210\u539f\u7406<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
        <\/strong><\/section>\n
        1. \u601d\u8003\u751f\u547d\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u65b0\u89c6\u89d2\uff1a\u4ece\u7ec4\u88c5\u7406\u8bba\u5230\u68af\u5f84\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong>
        <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
        2. PNAS\u524d\u6cbf\uff1a\u8fc8\u5411\u4f5c\u4e3a\u591a\u5c42\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong>
        <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
        3. \u751f\u547d\u5f62\u5f0f\u66fe\u7ecf\u591a\u6b21\u53d1\u751f\uff1f\u591a\u91cd\u89c6\u89d2\u63a2\u5bfb\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7ed3\u6784<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
        <\/strong><\/section>\n
        4. <\/span>\u6d8c\u73b0\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u5982\u4f55\u7528\u6765\u5206\u6790\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1f | \u65b0\u8bfe\u4e0a\u7ebf<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span>
        <\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
        <\/strong>5. <\/span><\/strong>\u96c6\u667a\u5b66\u56ed\u7cbe\u54c1\u8bfe\u7a0b\u514d\u8d39\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u89e3\u9501\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e AI \u65b0\u4e16\u754c<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n

        6. \u9ad8\u8003\u5206\u6570\u53ea\u662f\u5f20\u5165\u573a\u5238\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u79d1\u7814\u5192\u9669\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u542f\u822a\uff01<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

        7.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span>\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u524d\u6cbf\u5341\u8bb2\uff1a\u7406\u89e3\u81ea\u7136\u3001\u751f\u547d\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n


        <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        \u70b9\u51fb\u201c\u9605\u8bfb\u539f\u6587\u201d\uff0c\u62a5\u540d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a <\/span><\/span><\/section>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        \u6458\u8981 \u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\u5bb6\u7eb7\u7eb7\u5ba3\u79f0\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u7406\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\u88ab\u8fdb\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u6240\u5ffd\u89c6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u601d\u60f3\u63d0\u5347\u81f3\u4e0e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u540c\u7b49\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e3b\u5f20\u663e\u7136\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u5bf9\u8fdb\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u6765\u6240\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\u7f3a\u4e4f\u57fa\u672c\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u4eec\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6570\u503c\u6307\u6807\u5728\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u5b9a\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u4e0a\u5747\u5b58\u5728\u4e25\u91cd\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ee5…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":63075,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"special":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63097"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=63097"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63097\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/63075"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=63097"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=63097"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=63097"},{"taxonomy":"special","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fspecial&post=63097"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}