{"id":63304,"date":"2025-08-10T13:52:24","date_gmt":"2025-08-10T05:52:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=63304"},"modified":"2025-08-10T13:52:24","modified_gmt":"2025-08-10T05:52:24","slug":"%e4%bb%8e%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e5%ad%a6%e5%ae%9e%e9%aa%8c%e5%88%b0%e8%a1%8c%e4%b8%ba%e4%bb%bf%e7%9c%9f%ef%bc%9a%e7%90%86%e8%a7%a3%e5%9f%ba%e4%ba%8eagent%e7%9a%84%e8%a7%82%e7%82%b9%e5%8a%a8%e5%8a%9b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=63304","title":{"rendered":"\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5230\u884c\u4e3a\u4eff\u771f\uff1a\u7406\u89e3\u57fa\u4e8eAgent\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u5efa\u6a21\u601d\u7ef4"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u89c2\u70b9\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff08Opinion Dynamics\uff09\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4f53\u521d\u59cb\u89c2\u70b9\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u8fde\u7eed\u6216\u79bb\u6563\u53d8\u91cf\u8868\u5f81\uff09\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u7279\u5b9a\u4ea4\u4e92\u89c4\u5219\uff08\u5982\u540c\u7fa4\u5f71\u54cd\u3001\u6743\u5a01\u670d\u4ece\uff09\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u7fa4\u4f53\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5206\u5e03\u7279\u5f81\uff08\u5982\u5171\u8bc6\u6536\u655b\u3001\u591a\u9635\u8425\u5206\u5316\u3001\u6781\u5316\u52a0\u5267\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u63ed\u793a\u89c2\u70b9\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u5185\u5728\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u4e3a\u7406\u89e3\u793e\u4f1a\u8206\u8bba\u4f20\u64ad\u3001\u7fa4\u4f53\u51b3\u7b56\u5f62\u6210\u7b49\u73b0\u5b9e\u95ee\u9898\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u91cf\u5316\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e3b\u4f53\u5efa\u6a21\uff08Agent-based Modeling\uff0cABM\uff09\u4e3a\u5176\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5de5\u5177\u8f7d\u4f53\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u5efa\u6a21\u601d\u7ef4\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u65e2\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u4e3b\u5c5e\u6027\u7684 Agent \u523b\u753b\u4e2a\u4f53\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u53c8\u80fd\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3b\u4f53\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u6a21\u62df\u7cfb\u7edf\u52a8\u6001\u6f14\u5316\u3002\u5176\u5c06\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5c5e\u6027\u3001\u4e92\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u7b49\u62bd\u8c61\u4e3a\u53ef\u8ba1\u7b97\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u590d\u6742\u9002\u5e94\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u4f7f\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u5206\u5316\u3001\u540c\u5316\u7b49\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5728 \u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u793e\u4f1a\u201d \u4e2d\u5177\u8c61\u5448\u73b0\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u6e05\u6670\u63ed\u793a\u7fa4\u4f53\u89c2\u70b9\u4ece\u5fae\u89c2\u4e92\u52a8\u5230\u5b8f\u89c2\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u5185\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


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\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a<\/span>\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e3b\u4f53\u5efa\u6a21\u3001\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u3001\u590d\u6742\u9002\u5e94\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u89c2\u70b9\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3001\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u5efa\u6a21<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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ABM \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2014\u2014 Eric Bonabeau<\/span><\/span>[1]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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1. \u7406\u89e3\u4ea4\u4e92\u5bf9\u89c2\u70b9\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5f71\u54cd<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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1951\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u6240\u7f57\u95e8\u00b7\u963f\u5e0c<\/span>\uff08Solomon E. Asch\uff09<\/span>\u5f00\u5c55\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u88ab\u5e26\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u623f\u95f4\uff0c\u88ab\u544a\u77e5\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u89c6\u89c9\u611f\u77e5\u201d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u623f\u95f4\u91cc\u5750\u7740\u4e03\u4f4d\u201c\u88ab\u8bd5\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u88ab\u8bd5\u8005\u5e76\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u516d\u4eba\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u5b9e\u9a8c\u52a9\u624b\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u62ff\u51fa\u5361\u7247\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u4f9d\u6b21\u6307\u51fa\u53f3\u8fb9\u5361\u7247\u4e0a\u4e0e\u5de6\u8fb9\u7ebf\u6bb5\u7b49\u957f\u7684\u7ebf\u6bb5\u3002\u524d\u4e24\u8f6e\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u6b63\u786e\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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1963\u5e74\uff0c\u65af\u5766\u5229\u00b7\u7c73\u5c14\u683c\u62c9\u59c6<\/span>\uff08Stanley Milgram\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u8036\u9c81\u5927\u5b66\u5c55\u5f00\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u610f\u5728\u63a2\u7a76\u201c\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u5728\u6743\u5a01\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0b\u80fd\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8fdd\u80cc\u826f\u5fc3\u201d\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c65% \u7684\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u4f1a\u5728\u6743\u5a01\u6307\u4ee4\u4e0b\u7a81\u7834\u9053\u5fb7\u5e95\u7ebf\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u4f24\u5bb3\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u7fa4\u4f53\u89c2\u70b9\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u663e\u8457\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u53ef\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u5728\u963f\u5e0c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u7fa4\u4f53\u538b\u529b\u5de8\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u6709\u4e2a\u4f53\u575a\u6301\u72ec\u7acb\u601d\u8003\uff1b\u7c73\u5c14\u683c\u62c9\u59c6\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4ea6\u8bc1\u5b9e\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u8ba4\u77e5\u8d8a\u5065\u5168\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u8d8a\u80fd\u5728\u6743\u5a01\u6307\u4ee4\u4e0e\u4f26\u7406\u826f\u77e5\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u4e2d\u4fdd\u6301\u884c\u4e3a\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u518d\u6b21\u5f97\u5230\u4e09\u6761\u542f\u793a\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\u4e2a\u4f53\u662f\u5426\u9009\u62e9\u4ece\u4f17\uff0c\u662f\u591a\u91cd\u5fc3\u7406\u56e0\u7d20\u7efc\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff08\u542f\u793a4\uff09\uff1b\u201c\u56fa\u6267\u89c2\u70b9\u201d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u7f13\u51b2\u4e86\u7fa4\u4f53\u6781\u5316\u73b0\u8c61\uff08\u542f\u793a5\uff09\uff1b\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5dee\u5f02\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u57fa\u7840\uff08\u542f\u793a6\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u7fa4\u4f53\u4ea4\u4e92\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4f53\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4e3a\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0d\u540c\u60c5\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6f14\u5316\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u53ef\u501f\u52a9NetLogo\u7b49\u591a\u4e3b\u4f53\u5efa\u6a21\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5c06\u7fa4\u4f53\u538b\u529b\u3001\u4e2a\u4f53\u5dee\u5f02\u7b49\u73b0\u5b9e\u89c4\u5219\u62bd\u8c61\u4e3a\u53ef\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5728 \u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u793e\u4f1a\u201d \u4e2d\u6a21\u62df\u89c2\u70b9\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u7ed3\u679c\u63a2\u660e\u7fa4\u4f53\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u5185\u5728\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e0a\u8ff06\u6761\u542f\u793a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4e3a\u4f55<\/span><\/span>\u4ea4\u4e92\u673a\u5236\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\u4e0e\u4e3b\u4f53\u5c5e\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u662f\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8981\u7d20\uff1a\u542f\u793a 1\u30012 \u6307\u5411\u4ea4\u4e92\u673a\u5236\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u542f\u793a 3 \u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u6027\uff0c\u542f\u793a 4-6 \u5219\u6d89\u53ca\u4e3b\u4f53\u5c5e\u6027\u5bf9\u52a8\u6001\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u4f60\u5177\u5907\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e3b\u4f53\u5efa\u6a21\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u89c2\u70b9\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u903b\u8f91\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u6b64\u524d\u5bf9\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u5168\u7136\u964c\u751f\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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2. \u7528NetLogo\u5b9e\u73b0\u89c2\u70b9\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u5efa\u6a21<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


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\u5404\u7c7b\u63ed\u793a\u7fa4\u4f53\u89c2\u70b9\u5f62\u6210\u673a\u5236\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e3a\u89c2\u70b9\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u52d2\u6e29\u7684\u573a\u8bba\u3001Sherif\u7684\u5149\u70b9\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0a\u6587\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u963f\u5e0c\u7ebf\u6bb5\u5224\u65ad\u5b9e\u9a8c\u548c\u7c73\u5c14\u683c\u62c9\u59c6\u670d\u4ece\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002\u4e3a\u8fa8\u8bc6\u793e\u4f1a\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u4f17\u591a\u89c2\u70b9\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7ebf\u6027\u6a21\u578b\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u5404\u7c7b\u89c4\u5219\u8868\u8fbe<\/span><\/span>[2]<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u3002DeGroot\u6a21\u578b\u4ee5\u90bb\u5c45\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u52a0\u6743\u5e73\u5747\u6784\u5efa\u4ea4\u4e92\u89c4\u5219\u3002Friedkin-Johnsen\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u4e2a\u4f53\u5bf9\u521d\u59cb\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u575a\u6301\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002Hegselmann-Krause\u7b49\u6709\u754c\u7f6e\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b\u5219\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u89c2\u70b9\u4ea4\u4e92\u9608\u503c\uff0c\u523b\u753b\u76f8\u4f3c\u89c2\u70b9\u95f4\u7684\u805a\u96c6\u503e\u5411\u3002\u9009\u6c11\u6a21\u578b\u7b49\u79bb\u6563\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5219\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u4e8c\u5143\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u968f\u7740\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u878d\u5165\uff0c\u89c2\u70b9\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u8026\u5408\u5efa\u6a21<\/span><\/span>[3-5]<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff0c\u4ee5\u523b\u753b\u7fa4\u4f53\u89c2\u70b9\u6781\u5316\u3001\u805a\u7c7b\u7b49\u590d\u6742\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u91c7\u7528ABM\u65b9\u6cd5\u6784\u5efa\u89c2\u70b9\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u663e\u8457\u5951\u5408\u6027\u548c\u72ec\u7279\u4ef7\u503c\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • \n

    \u57fa\u4e8e\u4e3b\u4f53\u5efa\u6a21\u4e3a\u4e3a\u7406\u89e3\u590d\u6742\u6027<\/span>\uff08complexity\uff09<\/span>\u95ee\u9898\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6709\u6548\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u5efa\u6a21\u903b\u8f91\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/span>\uff08self-organization\uff09<\/span>\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4ea7\u751f\u6d8c\u73b0<\/span>\uff08emergence\uff09<\/span>\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u652f\u6301\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u6f14\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4e3a\u89e3\u6790\u7fa4\u4f53\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u673a\u5236\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u76f4\u89c2\u89c6\u89d2\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e92\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u523b\u753b\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e3b\u4f53\u5efa\u6a21\u5c06\u590d\u6742\u793e\u4f1a\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4ea4\u4e92\u95ee\u9898\u62bd\u8c61\u4e3a\u7b80\u5316\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u6784\u9020\u590d\u6742\u9002\u5e94\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\uff08Complex Adaptive System\uff0cCAS\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u5fae\u89c2\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u5b8f\u89c2\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u5185\u5728\u5173\u8054\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u5efa\u6a21\u65b9\u6cd5\u80fd\u591f\u9488\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u60c5\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u89c2\u70b9\u6f14\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u5c55\u5f00\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3001\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u91cf\u5316\u3001\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u4e0e\u4eff\u771f\uff0c\u4e3a\u591a\u6837\u5316\u73b0\u5b9e\u60c5\u5883\u7684\u6a21\u62df\u4e0e\u9884\u6d4b\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u6491\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n


    <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\u4e0e\u591a\u4e3b\u4f53\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u878d\u5408\u6210\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u53d1\u5c55\u65b9\u5411<\/span><\/span>[6,7]<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u3002\u968f\u7740\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u3001\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u4ea4\u53c9\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u6df1\u5165\uff0c\u6709\u671b\u5728\u8206\u8bba\u8d8b\u52bf\u9884\u6d4b\u7b49\u5b9e\u9645\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u7cbe\u51c6\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u5efa\u6a21\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4ee5DeGroot\u548cFriedkin-Johnsen\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c42\u5c42\u62c6\u89e3\u73b0\u5b9e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u7406\u89e3\u57fa\u4e8eAgent\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u5efa\u6a21\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u628a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u573a\u666f\u300c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u300d\u6210\u6a21\u578b\u91cc\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u4ee3\u7801\uff01<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    2.1 \u5b9e\u73b0\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u89c4\u5219<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u5728DeGroot\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7fa4\u4f53\u6210\u5458\u5728\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u6301\u6709\u5dee\u5f02\u5316\u89c2\u70b9\u503e\u5411<\/span>\uff08\u4ee5\u8fde\u7eed\u53d8\u91cf\u8868\u793a\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8c03\u6574\u89c2\u70b9\u65f6\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u90fd\u4f1a\u300c\u5b8c\u5168\u542c\u5468\u56f4\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u300d\uff0c\u628a\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u6309\u4fe1\u4efb\u7a0b\u5ea6\u52a0\u6743\u5e73\u5747\uff0c\u518d\u53d8\u6210\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65b0\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u800cFriedkin-Johnsen\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u66f4\u65b0\u4e2a\u4f53\u89c2\u70b9\u65f6\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u300c\u4e2a\u6027\u6001\u5ea6\u300d\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5219\u662f\u5468\u56f4\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u52a0\u6743\u5e73\u5747\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    DeGroot \u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u73b0\u5b9e\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u4ee5\u7fa4\u4f53\u5171\u8bc6\u4e3a\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u98df\u54c1\u5b89\u5168\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5f15\u53d1\u8206\u60c5\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u5728\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5feb\u901f\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u516c\u4f17\u5f62\u6210\u5bf9\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\u6027\u5224\u65ad\uff1b\u5728\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u666e\u53ca\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u9010\u6b65\u7edf\u4e00\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff1b\u56e2\u961f\u6210\u5458\u4e3a\u63a8\u8fdb\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5145\u5206\u4ea4\u6d41\u51dd\u805a\u6267\u884c\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u8206\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u5e26\u6709\u521d\u59cb\u89c2\u5ff5\u3001\u96be\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u53d7\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u54c1\u724c\u5fe0\u8bda\u5ea6\u3001\u6d88\u8d39\u4e60\u60ef\u7b49\u5c5e\u6027\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u5bf9\u54c1\u724c\u8425\u9500\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff1b\u8de8\u90e8\u95e8\u534f\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u56e2\u961f\u867d\u4f1a\u52aa\u529b\u76f8\u4e92\u914d\u5408\uff0c\u5374\u59cb\u7ec8\u5173\u6ce8\u81ea\u8eab\u89d2\u8272\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u4e3a\u63cf\u8ff0\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\uff0cFriedkin-Johnsen\u6a21\u578b\u5e94\u8fd0\u800c\u751f\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u8fbe\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u5883\u91cc\u4e2a\u4f53\u4fdd\u7559\u8ba4\u77e5\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u53d7\u5230\u7fa4\u4f53\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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    \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6839\u636eDeGroot\u548cFriedkin-Johnsen\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u4f9d\u636e\u4ea4\u4e92\u673a\u5236\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\u4e0e\u4e3b\u4f53\u5c5e\u6027\u4e09\u4e2a\u5efa\u6a21\u8981\u7d20\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u5c06\u6a21\u578b\u601d\u60f3\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u5efa\u6a21\u89c4\u5219<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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      \u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\u89c4\u5219\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3b\u4f53\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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      \u4e3b\u4f53\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u91c7\u7528\u8fde\u7eed\u503c(0-1)\u8868\u793a\u89c2\u70b9\u503e\u5411(\u6b63\u9762-\u8d1f\u9762)\u3002\u8bbe\u7f6e\u89c2\u70b9\u8d8a\u6b63\u9762\uff0c\u4e3b\u4f53\u989c\u8272\u8d8a\u6d45\uff1b\u89c2\u70b9\u8d8a\u8d1f\u9762\uff0c\u4e3b\u4f53\u989c\u8272\u8d8a\u6df1\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4e3b\u4f53\u89c2\u70b9\u66f4\u65b0\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a<\/span><\/span>\"image.png\"<\/span><\/sub>\uff0c\u90bb\u5c45\u6743\u91cd\u77e9\u9635\u9700\u6ee1\u8db3<\/span><\/span>\"image.png\"<\/span><\/sub>\uff1b\u82e5\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u4e2a\u6027\u89c2\u70b9\u6743\u91cd\uff0c <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u03b1 =0<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u7684\u662fDeGroot\u6a21\u578b\u89c4\u5219\uff1b\u82e5 <\/span><\/span>\u03b1<\/span>\u22600<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff0c\u5219\u4f53\u73b0Friedkin-Johnsen\u6a21\u578b\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n


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      \u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684NetLogo\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff08\u4f7f\u7528NetLogo 6.3.0\u7f16\u5199\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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        globals [<\/span><\/code>  num<\/span>-agents<\/span>          ;; \u4e3b\u4f53\u6570\u91cf<\/span><\/code>  neighbor<\/span>-radius<\/span>     ;; \u90bb\u5c45\u8bc6\u522b\u534a\u5f84<\/span><\/code>  step-counter<\/span>        ;; \u65f6\u95f4\u6b65\u8ba1\u6570\u5668<\/span><\/code>]<\/span><\/code>
        <\/span><\/code>turtles-own<\/span> [<\/span><\/code>  opinion<\/span>             ;; \u4e3b\u4f53\u89c2\u70b9 (0<\/span>-1<\/span>)<\/span><\/code>  self<\/span>-weight<\/span>         ;; \u81ea\u8eab\u6743\u91cd<\/span><\/code>  neighbor<\/span>-weights<\/span>    ;; \u90bb\u5c45\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u5e94\u6743\u91cd\u7684\u5173\u8054\u5217\u8868<\/span><\/code>]<\/span><\/code>
        <\/span><\/code>to setup<\/span><\/code>  clear-all<\/span><\/span><\/code>  reset-ticks<\/span><\/span><\/code>
        <\/span><\/code>  ;; \u53c2\u6570\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/span><\/code>  set<\/span> num-agents<\/span> 200<\/span><\/span><\/code>  set<\/span> neighbor-radius<\/span> 5<\/span><\/span><\/code>  set<\/span> step-counter<\/span> 0<\/span><\/span><\/code>
        <\/span><\/code>  ;; \u521b\u5efa\u4e3b\u4f53\uff08\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\uff09<\/span><\/code>  create-turtles<\/span> num-agents<\/span> [<\/span><\/code>    set<\/span> shape<\/span> \"circle\"<\/span><\/span><\/code>    set<\/span> size<\/span> 1.5<\/span><\/span><\/code>
        <\/span><\/code>    ;; \u968f\u673a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0e\u89c2\u70b9<\/span><\/code>    setxy<\/span> random<\/span>-xcor<\/span> random<\/span>-ycor<\/span><\/span><\/code>    set<\/span> opinion<\/span> random<\/span>-float<\/span> 1<\/span>  ;; \u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u89c2\u70b9<\/span><\/code>    update-weights<\/span>  ;; \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6743\u91cd<\/span><\/code>    update-color<\/span>    ;; \u6839\u636e\u89c2\u70b9\u8bbe\u7f6e\u989c\u8272<\/span><\/code>  ]<\/span><\/code>end<\/span><\/span><\/code>
        <\/span><\/code>to update-weights<\/span><\/span><\/code>  ;; \u6e05\u7a7a\u5e76\u91cd\u65b0\u8ba1\u7b97\u6240\u6709\u6743\u91cd<\/span><\/code>  set<\/span> self-weight<\/span> 0.2<\/span>  ;; \u81ea\u8eab\u6743\u91cd<\/span><\/code>  set<\/span> neighbor-weights<\/span> []  ;; \u90bb\u5c45\u6743\u91cd\u5217\u8868<\/span><\/code>
        <\/span><\/code>  ;; \u83b7\u53d6\u90bb\u5c45\u4ee3\u7406\u96c6\uff08\u6392\u9664\u81ea\u8eab\uff09<\/span><\/code>  let my-neighbors<\/span> other turtles in<\/span>-radius<\/span> neighbor-radius<\/span><\/span><\/code>  let neighbor-total-weight<\/span> 0<\/span><\/span><\/code>  let neighbor-list<\/span> sort<\/span> my-neighbors<\/span><\/span><\/code>
        <\/span><\/code>  ;; \u8ba1\u7b97\u90bb\u5c45\u6743\u91cd\uff08\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u81ea\u8eab\uff09<\/span><\/code>  foreach<\/span> neighbor-list<\/span> [ n<\/span> -><\/span><\/code>    let<\/span> dist<\/span> distance<\/span> n<\/span><\/span><\/code>    let<\/span> w<\/span> exp<\/span> (-5<\/span> * dist<\/span>)  ;; \u6307\u6570\u8870\u51cf\u51fd\u6570\u8ba1\u7b97\u6743\u91cd<\/span><\/code>    set<\/span> neighbor<\/span>-weights<\/span> lput<\/span> (list<\/span> n<\/span> w<\/span>) neighbor<\/span>-weights<\/span><\/span><\/code>    set<\/span> neighbor<\/span>-total<\/span>-weight<\/span> neighbor<\/span>-total<\/span>-weight<\/span> + w<\/span><\/span><\/code>  ]<\/span><\/code>
        <\/span><\/code>  ;; \u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u90bb\u5c45\u6743\u91cd\uff08\u4f7f\u90bb\u5c45\u6743\u91cd\u603b\u548c\u4e3a1<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/code>  let normalized-neighbor-weights<\/span> []<\/span><\/code>  foreach<\/span> neighbor-weights<\/span> [ pair<\/span> -><\/span><\/code>    let<\/span> neighbor<\/span> item<\/span> 0<\/span> pair<\/span><\/span><\/code>    let<\/span> weight<\/span> item<\/span> 1<\/span> pair<\/span><\/span><\/code>    set<\/span> normalized<\/span>-neighbor<\/span>-weights<\/span> lput<\/span> (list<\/span> neighbor<\/span> (weight<\/span> \/ neighbor<\/span>-total<\/span>-weight<\/span>)) normalized<\/span>-neighbor<\/span>-weights<\/span><\/span><\/code>  ]<\/span><\/code>
        <\/span><\/code>  set<\/span> neighbor-weights<\/span> normalized-neighbor-weights<\/span><\/span><\/code>end<\/span><\/span><\/code>
        <\/span><\/code>to update-color<\/span><\/span><\/code>  ;; \u89c2\u70b9\u8d8a\u6b63\u5411\uff08\u63a5\u8fd11<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u989c\u8272\u63a5\u8fd1\u6d45\u84dd\u8272<\/span><\/code>  ;; \u89c2\u70b9\u8d8a\u8d1f\u9762\uff08\u63a5\u8fd10<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u989c\u8272\u63a5\u8fd1\u6df1\u84dd\u8272<\/span><\/code>  set<\/span> color scale-color<\/span> blue opinion 0<\/span> 1<\/span><\/span><\/code>end<\/span><\/span><\/code>
        <\/span><\/code>to go<\/span><\/code>  if<\/span> not any? turtles [ stop<\/span> ]<\/span><\/code>
        <\/span><\/code>  ;; \u66f4\u65b0\u6743\u91cd\u5e76\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b0\u89c2\u70b9<\/span><\/code>  ask turtles [<\/span><\/code>    update-weights<\/span><\/span><\/code>    let<\/span> new-op<\/span> 0<\/span><\/span><\/code>
        <\/span><\/code>    ;; \u81ea\u8eab\u89c2\u70b9\u8d21\u732e<\/span><\/code>    set<\/span> new-op<\/span> new-op<\/span> + self<\/span>-weight<\/span> * opinion<\/span><\/span><\/code>
        <\/span><\/code>    ;; \u6240\u6709\u90bb\u5c45\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u52a0\u6743\u8d21\u732e<\/span><\/code>    let<\/span> neighbor<\/span>-influence<\/span> 0<\/span><\/span><\/code>    foreach<\/span> neighbor<\/span>-weights<\/span> [ pair<\/span> -><\/span><\/code>      let<\/span> neighbor<\/span> item<\/span> 0<\/span> pair<\/span><\/span><\/code>      let<\/span> weight<\/span> item<\/span> 1<\/span> pair<\/span><\/span><\/code>      set<\/span> neighbor<\/span>-influence<\/span> neighbor<\/span>-influence<\/span> + weight<\/span> * [opinion<\/span>] of<\/span> neighbor<\/span><\/span><\/code>    ]<\/span><\/code>    set<\/span> new-op<\/span> new-op<\/span> + (1<\/span> - self<\/span>-weight<\/span>) * neighbor<\/span>-influence<\/span><\/span><\/code>
        <\/span><\/code>    set<\/span> opinion<\/span> new-op<\/span><\/span><\/code>    update-color<\/span>  ;; \u66f4\u65b0\u989c\u8272\u6620\u5c04<\/span><\/code>  ]<\/span><\/code>
        <\/span><\/code>  set<\/span> step-counter<\/span> step-counter<\/span> + 1<\/span><\/span><\/code>  tick<\/span><\/code>End<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/p>\n
        \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bd5\u7740\u8c03\u6574\u6a21\u578b\u91cc\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4e0d\u540c\u4e2a\u6027\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u6743\u91cd<\/span>\uff08self-weight\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u7fa4\u4f53\u89c4\u6a21\u5927\u5c0f<\/span>\uff08num-agents\uff09<\/span>\u7b49\uff0c\u770b\u770b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u4f1a\u5bf9\u89c2\u70b9\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u548c\u901f\u5ea6\u4ea7\u751f\u600e\u6837\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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        \u89c2\u5bdf\u6a21\u62df\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u89c2\u70b9\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f46\u597d\u50cf\u6ca1\u529e\u6cd5\u8ba9\u6574\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u5feb\u901f\u8fbe\u6210\u89c2\u70b9\u7edf\u4e00\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u89c2\u70b9\u5206\u88c2\u6210\u51e0\u4e2a\u201c\u9635\u8425\u201d\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u5c0f\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u540c\u5316\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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        <\/section>\n
        \u57fa\u672c\u6a21\u578b<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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        2.2 \u5b9e\u73b0\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u79fb\u52a8\uff1a\u6539\u53d8\u4e3b\u4f53\u793e\u4ea4\u8303\u56f4<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
        \u601d\u8003\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u793e\u4ea4\u5173\u7cfb\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u624d\u5bfc\u81f4\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u56e2\u4f53\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u6574\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u7edf\u4e00\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bd5\u8bd5\u8ba9\u6210\u5458\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u5708\u201c\u6d41\u52a8\u201d\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u4e92\u76f8\u4ea4\u6362\u60f3\u6cd5\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
        \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u601d\u8def\u62bd\u8c61\u6210\u5177\u4f53\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u6a21\u5757\u91cc\uff0c\u7ed9turtles<\/span>\uff08\u89d2\u8272\u4e3b\u4f53\uff09<\/span>\u589e\u52a0\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
        \n