{"id":8675,"date":"2016-10-28T01:00:00","date_gmt":"2016-10-27T17:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/swarma.org\/%swarma-paper%\/"},"modified":"2018-12-11T15:42:18","modified_gmt":"2018-12-11T07:42:18","slug":"%e7%94%9f%e5%91%bd%e4%b9%8b%e6%b5%81-%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e4%b9%8b%e6%b5%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=8675","title":{"rendered":"\u751f\u547d\u4e4b\u6d41 | \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u6d41"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"\u96c6\u667a\"
\"\u96c6\u667a\" <\/p>\n
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\u5f00\u653e\u3001\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u6d41\u52a8<\/span><\/strong>
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\u53ef\u80fd\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u538c\u70e6\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u548c\u71b5\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u70ed\u201d\u548c\u201c\u71b5\u201d\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u540d<\/span>\u5b57\u603b\u4f1a\u7ed9\u4eba\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u8212\u670d\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u3002\u7684\u786e\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u6574\u4e2a\u5b87\u5b99\u8eab\u4e0a\u2014\u2014\u6309\u7167\u76ee\u524d\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5b87\u5b99\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5373\u6ca1\u6709\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u80fd\u91cf\u6ce8\u5165\u2014\u2014\u6574\u4e2a\u5b87\u5b99\u5c06\u6f14\u5316\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u71b5\u6700\u5927\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ed\u540d\u662d\u8457\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff1a\u201c\u70ed\u5bc2\u201d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u4e07\u4e8b\u4e07\u7269\u90fd\u6709\u65b9\u5411\u548c\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5c31\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u70ed\u5bc2\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u56fe6-1 \u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u6f29\u6da1\u7ed3\u6784<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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                 \u56fe6-2 \u8d1d\u7eb3\u5fb7\u5bf9\u6d41\u8bd5\u9a8c<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u5982\u56fe6-2(b)\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u88c5\u6709\u8584\u5c42\u6db2\u4f53\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u5e95\u90e8\u52a0\u70ed\uff0c\u4e0a\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u655e\u5f00\u7684\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u70ed\u91cf\u4ece\u4e0a\u9762\u8dd1\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u6db2\u4f53\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u8868\u9762\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u5dee\u25b3T\u3002\u5f53\u25b3T\u9ad8\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8be5\u6c34\u9762\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u59826-2(a)\u56fe\u6240\u793a\u7684\u6f02\u4eae\u7684\u516d\u89d2\u683c\u82b1\u7eb9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6f02\u4eae\u7684\u82b1\u683c\u662f\u7531\u5927\u91cf\u5206\u5b50\u901a\u8fc7\u534f\u8c03\u3001\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u5bf9\u6d41\u8fd0\u52a8\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u6d41\u5165\u6d41\u51fa\uff0c\u800c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u6d41\u5165\u3001\u6d41\u51fa\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u9020\u6709\u5e8f\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u719f\u6089\u4e86\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6eda\u52a8\u7684\u5c0f\u7403\u643a\u5e26\u7740\u52a8\u80fd\uff0c\u5f53\u5c0f\u7403\u6eda\u52a8\u5230\u7c97\u7cd9\u7684\u5e73\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c0f\u7403\u643a\u5e26\u7684\u52a8\u80fd\u5c31\u8f6c\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u70ed\u80fd\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u7269\u8d28\u643a\u5e26\u7684\u201c\u9759\u6b62\u201d\u7684\u80fd\u91cf<\/strong>\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u80fd\u91cf\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7269\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/strong>\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u56fe6-3 \u5c0f\u7403\u4e0e\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u5177\u4f53\u8bf4\uff0c\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u5c31\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u80fd\u91cf\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7403\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7403\u78b0\u649e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7403\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u80a1\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u4ece\u74031\u6d41\u5230\u74032\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5de6\u8fb9\u4e0d\u505c\u7684\u52a0\u5165\u901f\u5ea6v\u7684\u5c0f\u7403\u8fdb\u53bb\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u65b0\u52a0\u5165\u7684\u5c0f\u7403\u540c\u6837\u547d\u540d\u4e3a1\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u5c0f\u7403\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u8fa8\uff09\uff0c\u628a\u539f\u6765\u7684\u5c0f\u74031\u770b\u4f5c\u662f2\u2026\u2026\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u80a1\u6301\u7eed\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u6d41\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53731\u52302\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u4f1a\u88ab\u4e0d\u505c\u5730\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u540c\u68372\u52303\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4e0d\u505c\u5730\u91cd\u590d\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7528\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u4f1a\u66f4\u52a0\u65b9\u4fbf\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u4e00\u6761\u5c0f\u6cb3\uff0c\u6709\u6e90\u6e90\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u6c34\u6d41\u6d41\u8fdb\u3002\uff08\u5982\u56fe6-4\u6240\u793a\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n
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\n

\u56fe6-4  \u78b0\u649e\u5c0f\u7403\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u5c0f\u7403\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u521b\u9020\u4ec0\u4e48\u6709\u5e8f\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4ea7\u751f\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u4e0e\u6709\u5e8f\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u7b2c7\u30018\u7ae0\u8be6\u7ec6\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4e86\u89e3\u6709\u5173\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\" <\/p>\n

\n
\u751f\u7269\u5708\u4e0e\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\" \u4ece\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u8bf8\u5982\u5c0f\u7403\u3001\u8d1d\u7eb3\u5fb7\u5bf9\u6d41\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u7269\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u6574\u4e2a\u751f\u7269\u5708\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u751f\u547d\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5305\u62ec\u6211\u4eec\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6574\u4e2a\u5730\u7403\u751f\u7269\u5708\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u52a8\u3001\u7269\u8d28\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5982\u56fe\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n
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\u56fe6-5  \u5730\u7403\u751f\u7269\u5708\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u52a8\u4e0e\u7269\u8d28\u5faa\u73af<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
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\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u653e\u773c\u6574\u4e2a\u5730\u7403\u751f\u7269\u5708\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u4e24\u79cd\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u3002<\/strong>\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u80fd\u91cf\u6765\u6e90\u5c31\u662f\u592a\u9633\u3002\u592a\u9633\u5185\u90e8\u56e0\u4e3a\u70ed\u6838\u53cd\u5e94\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u51fa\u6bcf\u79d23.9×1026\u7126\u8033\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u5165\u5c04\u5230\u5730\u7403\u8868\u9762\u3002\u5e73\u5747\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u5730\u8868\u6bcf\u5e73\u65b9\u7c73\u5728\u6bcf\u79d2\u949f\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u592a\u9633\u8f90\u5c04\u80fd\u91cf\u5c06\u8fd11400\u7126\u8033\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6d78\u6ce1\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u592a\u9633\u8f90\u5c04\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\u4e2d\u3002\u592a\u9633\u7684\u80fd\u6d41\u6d41\u5165\u5730\u7403\u751f\u7269\u5708\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u540e\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u8f6c\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u5c0f\u7403\u78b0\u649e\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u80fd\u91cf\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8f6c\u53d8\u6210\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u90fd\u8981\u4ee5\u5e9f\u70ed\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8f90\u5c04\u5230\u5b87\u5b99\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u5c0f\u7403\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u201c\u8fd0\u52a8\u80fd\u529b\u201d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u201c\u505a\u529f\u80fd\u529b\u201d\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u548c\u4f20\u9012\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5047\u60f3\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u91cf\u7c92\u5b50\uff08\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7eaf\u80fd\u91cf\uff09\uff0c\u8003\u5bdf\u5b83\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u5730\u7403\u751f\u7269\u5708\u4e2d\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u59a8\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u80fd\u91cf\u5b50\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u5c0fr\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5c0fr\u88ab\u592a\u9633\u7684\u70ed\u6838\u53cd\u5e94\u91ca\u653e\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4e00\u8def\u98a0\u7c38\uff0c\u7ec8\u4e8e\u6765\u5230\u4e86\u5730\u7403\u8868\u9762\u3002\u5f53\u5c0fr\u8f90\u5c04\u5230\u5730\u7403\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f1a\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u6982\u7387\u6253\u5230\u571f\u5730\u8868\u9762\u6216\u8005\u6d77\u6d0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c0fr\u8981\u4e48\u88ab\u53cd\u5c04\u51fa\u53bb\uff08\u8fdb\u5165\u5b87\u5b99\u592a\u7a7a\uff09\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u88ab\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8868\u9762\u5438\u6536\uff0c\u800c\u53d8\u6210\u70ed\u80fd\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0fr\u4e0d\u5e78\u5730\u6253\u5230\u4e86\u67d0\u690d\u7269\u7684\u7eff\u53f6\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5b83\u4ecd\u7136\u4f1a\u6709\u8fd176%\u7684\u6982\u7387\u88ab\u690d\u7269\u53cd\u5c04\u51fa\u53bb\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u5438\u6536\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u8db3\u591f\u5012\u9709\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u4f1a\u6709\u8fd124%\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u88ab\u690d\u7269\u7eff\u53f6\u5438\u6536\u800c\u8fdb\u884c\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\uff08\u56fe6-6\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n
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\uff08\u56fe\u4e2d\u7ba1\u9053\u7684\u7c97\u7ec6\u8868\u793a\u80fd\u6d41\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u8868\u793a\u4ece\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u90bb\u8fd1\u533a\u57df\u7531\u4e8e\u6269\u6563\u6216\u8005\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u6216\u8005\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u8fc1\u5f99\u800c\u6d41\u5165\u8be5\u533a\u57df\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u533a\u57df\u6d41\u5411\u5176\u4ed6\u533a\u57df\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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 \u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u6210\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n
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\u5176\u4e2d(CH2O)\u8868\u793a\u7cd6\u7c7b\u6709\u673a\u7269\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u690d\u7269\u7684\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u6c34\u548c\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u5728\u5149\u7167\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u8f6c\u53d8\u6210\u7cd6\u548c\u6c27\u6c14\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\uff0c\u80fd\u91cf\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u8f6c\u53d8\uff1a\u4ece\u5149\u80fd\u8f6c\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u7cd6\u7c7b\u4e2d\u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u80fd\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5e9f\u70ed\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7403\u649e\u51fb\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7403\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u80fd\u91cf\u53d1\u751f\u8f6c\u79fb\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5047\u8bbe\u80fd\u91cf\u5b50\u5c0fr\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u88ab\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u4e86\u7cd6\u7c7b\u7684\u5927\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c0fr\u540e\u9762\u7684\u5386\u7a0b\u5c31\u4e00\u76f4\u8ddf\u968f\u7740\u7cd6\u5206\u5b50\u8d70\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7531r\u8f6c\u5316\u6210\u7684\u7cd6\u5206\u5b50\u4e5f\u53eb\u505a\u7cd6\u5206\u5b50\u5c0fr\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u7cd6\u5206\u5b50\u5c0fr\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u690d\u7269\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u547c\u5438\u4f5c\u7528\u800c\u5206\u89e3\u6389\uff08\u518d\u6b21\u8f6c\u53d8\u6210\u5e9f\u70ed\uff09\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u8fd140%\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u88ab\u4e00\u76f4\u50a8\u5b58\u5728\u8be5\u690d\u7269\u4f53\u5185\u3002\u8fd9\u68f5\u690d\u7269\uff08\u8349\uff09\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5012\u9709\u5730\u88ab\u5154\u5b50\u5403\u6389\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5c0fr\u5c31\u4ee5\u690d\u7269\u751f\u7269\u91cf\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u8f6c\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u5154\u5b50\u4f53\u5185\u7684\u751f\u7269\u91cf\uff08\u5154\u5b50\u8089\uff09\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u5154\u5b50\u4e5f\u4f1a\u7531\u4e8e\u547c\u5438\u4f5c\u7528\u6216\u8005\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u8df3\u8dc3\u3001\u5954\u8dd1\u3001\u7e41\u6b96\u540e\u4ee3\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\u800c\u628a\u7cd6\u5c0fr\u71c3\u70e7\u6389\u53d8\u6210\u70ed\u91cf\u6392\u51fa\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u53ea\u5012\u9709\u7684\u5154\u5b50\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u72fc\u5403\u6389\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5c0fr\u5c31\u670916%\u7684\u6982\u7387\u518d\u6b21\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u72fc\u4f53\u5185\uff08\u53d8\u6210\u72fc\u8089\uff09\u3002\u6ca1\u8fc7\u51e0\u5929\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ea\u5403\u4e86\u5c0fr\u7684\u72fc\u53ef\u80fd\u5012\u9709\u7684\u6b7b\u6389\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c0fr\u53c8\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u571f\u58e4\u4e2d\u7684\u7ec6\u83cc\uff08\u5206\u89e3\u8005\uff09\u6293\u5230\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u7ec6\u83cc\u628a\u5c0fr\u5206\u89e3\u6389\u8f6c\u53d8\u6210\u5e9f\u70ed\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u628a\u7cd6\u5c0fr\u4e2d\u7684\u78b3\u5143\u7d20\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3a\u65e0\u673a\u7269\uff08CO2\uff09\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u4e0d\u8fc7\u7cd6\u5c0fr\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u7ecf\u5386\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u79cd\u547d\u8fd0\uff0c\u6b7b\u6389\u7684\u72fc\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u88ab\u7ec6\u83cc\u5206\u89e3\u6389\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u6c89\u79ef\u4f5c\u7528\u800c\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u5730\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u77f3\u6cb9\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u5c0fr\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u6ef4\u77f3\u6cb9\u3002\u82e5\u5e72\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u57cb\u85cf\u5728\u77f3\u6cb9\u4e2d\u7684\u5c0fr\u53c8\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u67d0\u77f3\u6cb9\u5382\u91c7\u96c6\u5230\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u8fd9\u6ef4\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5c0fr\u7684\u77f3\u6cb9\u53c8\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u70ed\u7535\u5382\u8f6c\u53d8\u6210\u7535\u80fd\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u7535\u80fd\u5c0fr\u901a\u8fc7\u9ad8\u538b\u8f93\u7535\u7ebf\u8def\u8f93\u9001\u5230\u4f60\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u7535\u8111\u91cc\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u7535\u8111\u4e3a\u4e86\u6253\u5f00\u672c\u6587\u6863\u800c\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21CPU\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21CPU\u8fd0\u7b97\u7ec8\u4e8e\u628a\u7535\u80fd\u5c0fr\u8f6c\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u5e9f\u70ed\u800c\u8ff7\u5931\u5230\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u80fd\u91cf\u5b50\u5c0fr\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u8bb2\u5b8c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6839\u636e\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u80fd\u91cf\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6d88\u5931\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5373\u4f7f\u5c0fr\u8f6c\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u70ed\u91cf\uff0c\u5b83\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f53\u73b0\u4e3a\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u52a8\u80fd\u800c\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u53d8\u6210\u70ed\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u70ed\u4e0d\u80fd\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u5176\u5b83\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8ff7\u5931\u5728\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u70ed\u80fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u518d\u6b21\u6d41\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5708\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u4efb\u4f55\u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u79fb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u90fd\u8981\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u70ed\u91cf\u7684\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5728\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6536\u7a0e\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u5458\u3002<\/strong>\u70ed\u91cf\u4e00\u65e6\u4ea7\u751f\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u88ab\u5229\u7528\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u662f\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5411\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u4ea4\u6613\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u5f81\u7a0e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6bcf\u6b21\u8d27\u5e01\u8f6c\u79fb\u90fd\u5fc5\u7136\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u4e00\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\u6d41\u51fa\u800c\u8f6c\u53d8\u6210\u7a0e\u6536\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u5728\u56fe6-6\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u4e2d\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u8f6c\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u70ed\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a0e\u6536\u5b98\u975e\u5e38\u82db\u523b\u3002\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u8f6c\u6362\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5fc5\u987b\u975e\u5e38\u52aa\u529b\u624d\u80fd\u8ba9\u4ec5\u6709\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u80fd\u91cf\u5411\u98df\u7269\u94fe\u7684\u9ad8\u7aef\u8f6c\u6362\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\"\u96c6\u667a\" <\/p>\n

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\u7269\u8d28\u6d41\u52a8\u4e0e\u80fd\u6d41\u4ef7\u503c<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\"\u5728\u5730\u7403\u751f\u7269\u5708\u4e2d\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u79cd\u6d41\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c31\u662f\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u4ece\u7269\u8d28\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u751f\u7269\u5708\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd1\u4f3c\u770b\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5373\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u6d41\u5165\u548c\u6d41\u51fa\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u3001\u751f\u7269\u5f62\u6001\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7ec4\u5408\u5f62\u5f0f\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u78b3\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5730\u7403\u751f\u7269\u5708\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5316\u5b66\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u867d\u7136\u78b3\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u603b\u91cf\u662f\u5b88\u6052\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u4f1a\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u5f62\u6001\u4f53\u73b0\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u6c14\u4f53\u3001\u7cd6\u7c7b\u7269\u8d28\u3001\u77f3\u6cb9\u3001\u5927\u7406\u77f3\u7b49\u7b49\u90fd\u662f\u5305\u542b\u78b3\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u7269\u8d28\u5faa\u73af\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u4e0b\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u7531\u5404\u79cd\u5316\u5b66\u5143\u7d20\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u78b3\u3001\u6c22\u3001\u6c2e\u3001\u6c27\u7b49\uff09\u4e0d\u65ad\u62fc\u63a5\u3001\u91cd\u7ec4\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u65b0\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u56fe6-7\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u7269\u5708\u78b3\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u56fe6-7 \u751f\u7269\u5708\u78b3\u5faa\u73af<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u4e0e\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u52a8\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u5f80\u5f80\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u78b3\u7684\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u6765\u8ddf\u8e2a\u67d0\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u751f\u6001\u5708\u4e2d\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u80fd\u91cf\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ffd\u8e2a\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u80fd\u91cf\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u53d8\u5316\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u91cf\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f53\u73b0\u4e3a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6709\u5f62\u7269\u8d28\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u65e2\u7136\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u89c2\u6d4b\u7684\u91cf\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u80fd\u5426\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u5462\uff1f\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u968f\u7740\u80fd\u91cf\u5f80\u98df\u7269\u7f51\u9ad8\u7aef\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u51dd\u56fa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u5f62\u6001\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u590d\u6742\u3002\u4ece\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u9ad8\u7b49\u751f\u7269\u4f53\uff08\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\uff09\u7684\u751f\u7269\u91cf\u8981\u6bd4\u4f4e\u7b49\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u751f\u7269\u91cf\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u7269\u8d28\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u800c\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u5f53\u9ad8\u7b49\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u628a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u76f8\u5bf9\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5f80\u5f80\u90fd\u4f1a\u91ca\u653e\u6389\u50a8\u5b58\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u80fd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u56fe6-8 \u98df\u7269\u7f51\u4e2d\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u6a21\u5f0f<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5e45\u56fe\u8868\u793a\u76f8\u5e94\u5c42\u7ea7\u751f\u7269\u7684\u6816\u606f\u5730\uff0c\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u5206\u522b\u662f\u690d\u7269\u3001\u98df\u8349\u7c7b\u52a8\u7269\u3001\u98df\u8089\u7c7b\u52a8\u7269\u3001\u4e8c\u7ea7\u98df\u8089\u7c7b\u52a8\u7269\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u7684a,b,c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4e3a\u98df\u7269\u7f51\u3001\u805a\u96c6\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u98df\u7269\u7f51\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u6bcf\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u7ea7\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u6362\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u9ad8\u7ea7\u751f\u7269\u4e3a\u4e86\u6355\u98df\u4f4e\u7ea7\u751f\u7269\u800c\u6d88\u8017\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff08\u89c1\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732eOdum 1988\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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Odum\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5c42\u7ea7\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u76f4\u5230\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u624d\u53d1\u73b0\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e42\u7387\u5173\u7cfb\u6765\u7cbe\u786e\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c42\u7ea7\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u201c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u201d\uff08Scaling biology\uff09\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u8bf7\u770b\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff1aScaling Biology\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\"\u96c6\u667a\" <\/p>\n

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\u5e7f\u4e49\u7684\u6d41<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u95ee\u9898\u770b\u201c\u900f\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u8303\u5f0f\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u542f\u53d1\u53ef\u4ee5\u6cdb\u5316\u5230\u4e00\u7c7b\u66f4\u5e7f\u4e49\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6d41<\/strong>\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6d41\u52a8\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c6\u89d2\u53bb\u770b\u5f85\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5e7f\u4e49\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d27\u5e01\u6d41\u53ef\u4ee5\u5145\u5f53\u548c\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/strong>\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u5927\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u7269\u79cd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u662f\u592a\u9633\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u6301\u6709\u8d27\u5e01\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8d27\u5e01\u6d41\u6e90\u6e90\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u6ce8\u5165\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bf9\u8d27\u5e01\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u5c31\u4eff\u4f5b\u662f\u7269\u79cd\u5bf9\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8d27\u5e01\u5c31\u662f\u7cae\u98df\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e86\u94b1\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4f01\u4e1a\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u6d3b\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ea4\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d27\u5e01\u7684\u6d41\u901a\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u7269\u79cd\u901a\u8fc7\u6355\u98df\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u80fd\u91cf\u5728\u7269\u79cd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4f20\u9012\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u5355\u4e2a\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e5f\u8ddf\u5355\u4e2a\u7684\u751f\u547d\u4e00\u6837\u9700\u8981\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u8981\u83b7\u5f97\u8d27\u5e01\u6d41\u7684\u6ce8\u5165\u5e76\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u5b58\u50a8\u8d77\u6765\uff08\u5145\u7535\uff09\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u53c8\u8981\u628a\u8d27\u5e01\u82b1\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u8d2d\u4e70\u4e00\u4e9b\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u6216\u8005\u539f\u6750\u6599\u4ee5\u4fbf\u518d\u751f\u4ea7\uff08\u653e\u7535\uff09\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u8bfe\u5802\u4e0a\uff0c\u8001\u5e08\u7684\u6388\u8bfe\u5c31\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u800c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u5c31\u662f\u63a5\u6536\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u3002\u8bfe\u5802\u4e0e\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7c7b\u6bd4\u7684\u786e\u6709\u4e9b\u7275\u5f3a\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u6574\u4e2a\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f20\u64ad\u4f53\u7cfb\u770b\u6210\u662f\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6bd4\u55bb\u5c31\u4f1a\u975e\u5e38\u751f\u52a8\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5177\u5907\u9ad8\u5ea6\u77e5\u8bc6\u521b\u65b0\u6027\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u8005\u56e2\u4f53\u5c31\u662f\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u3002\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4eba\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u4fe1\u606f\u4e4b\u540e\u53c8\u4f1a\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u518d\u6b21\u4f20\u64ad\u7ed9\u522b\u4eba\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u63a5\u53d7\u8f6c\u8f7d\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4eba\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u4e8c\u7ea7\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u65e2\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u672c\u8eab\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u518d\u52a0\u5de5\u77e5\u8bc6\u800c\u628a\u4e00\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u522b\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u662f\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u3002\u6574\u4e2a\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f20\u64ad\u4f53\u7cfb\u5c31\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u800c\u4e32\u8054\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u91c7\u7528\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u770b\u5f85\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u5904\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u603b\u7ed3\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u5171\u6709\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5171\u6709\u7684\u201c\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u201d\u3001\u201c\u65e0\u5c3a\u5ea6\u201d\u7b49\u73b0\u8c61\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u80fd\u91cf\u3001\u8d27\u5e01\u3001\u8840\u6db2\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u7b49\u7b49\u6d41\u52a8\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u9075\u5faa\u7740\u67d0\u79cd\u5171\u6709\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bba\u8ff0\u5b83\u4eec\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7a76\u7adf\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6d41\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed9\u6d41\u8fd9\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u4ecb\u8d28\u4e0a\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u534f\u8c03\u8fd0\u52a8\u884c\u4e3a\u5c31\u53eb\u505a\u6d41\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4ecb\u8d28\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u79cd\u5e7f\u4e49\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4e09\u7ef4\u6b27\u51e0\u91cc\u5fb7\u7a7a\u95f4\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u7531\u4eba\u5f53\u4f5c\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u4ea4\u6613\u5f53\u4f5c\u8fde\u7ebf\u6784\u6210\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u7f51\u7edc\uff09\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u6d41\u6700\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u4ecb\u8d28\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u4e09\u7ef4\u7269\u7406\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u5316\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u4e3b\u4f53\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u79cd\u5177\u4f53\u6216\u8005\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u6d41\u52a8\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u4e3b\u4f53\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u524d\u9762\u8bb2\u5230\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u91cf\u5b50\u3001\u78b3\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u539f\u5b50\u3001\u8d27\u5e01\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u6bd4\u7279\u5c31\u90fd\u662f\u6d41\u52a8\u4e3b\u4f53\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u6d41\u52a8\u4e3b\u4f53\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0b\u9762\u4f1a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u96c6\u4f53\u534f\u8c03\u8fd0\u52a8\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u6765\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u79cd\u65e0\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u968f\u673a\u8fd0\u52a8\uff1a\u51e0\u4e2a\u7c92\u5b50\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u95f4\u53cd\u590d\u4e0d\u505c\u7684\u632f\u52a8\uff0c\u4ece\u5b8f\u89c2\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fd0\u52a8\u53ef\u80fd\u76f8\u4e92\u62b5\u6d88\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\u95f4\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u66f4\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\uff1a\u5927\u91cf\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u534f\u8c03\u6709\u5e8f\u7684<\/strong>\u8fd0\u52a8\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u77ac\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u540c\u65f6\u4eceA\u6d41\u5230B\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u80fd\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u4e00\u79cdA\u5230B\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4f60\u4f1a\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u5b9a\u4e49\u592a\u4e0d\u4e25\u8c28\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u79d1\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u521d\u671f\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7528\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u4e25\u683c\u6027\u6765\u6362\u53d6\u6211\u4eec\u63a2\u7d22\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6027\u3002\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u5b9a\u4e49\u53ea\u8981\u80fd\u591f\u628a\u4e8b\u60c5\u8bf4\u6e05\u695a\uff08\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5c42\u6b21\uff09\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u4e0d\u96be\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u6709\u4e86\u6d41\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6709\u5173\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u3001\u7269\u8d28\u6d41\u3001\u8d27\u5e01\u6d41\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u90fd\u80fd\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u63cf\u8ff0\u6e05\u695a\u4e86\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u591f\u6db5\u76d6\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u80fd\u6cdb\u5316\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u66f4\u52a0\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6d41\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u8fdb\u884c\u6cdb\u5316\u5c31\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u7c7b\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u72b6\u6001\u6d41\u201d\u6216\u8005\u201c\u6982\u7387\u6d41\u201d\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u66f4\u52a0\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u7406\u89e3\u5f88\u591a\u590d\u6742\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\"\u96c6\u667a\" <\/p>\n

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\u72b6\u6001\u6d41\u4e0e\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u94fe<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\"\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5c0f\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u4f60\u5728\u684c\u5b50\u4e0a\u628a\u4e00\u679a\u786c\u5e01\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8ba9\u5b83\u6cbf\u7740\u7acb\u8f74\u65cb\u8f6c\u3002\u5f53\u786c\u5e01\u65cb\u8f6c\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u4e09\u6643\u4e24\u6643\u5012\u5728\u684c\u9762\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u786c\u5e01\u53ef\u80fd\u6b63\u9762\u671d\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u80cc\u9762\u671d\u4e0a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u786c\u5e01\u7684\u72b6\u6001<\/strong>\u4ee5\u53ca\u72b6\u6001\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7ed9\u786c\u5e01\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e09\u79cd\u72b6\u6001 {\u7acb\u9762, \u6b63\u9762, \u53cd\u9762} \u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5728\u65cb\u8f6c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u786c\u5e01\u5904\u4e8e\u7acb\u9762\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u786c\u5e01\u5012\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u6b63\u9762\u6216\u8005\u80cc\u9762\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u540c\u65f6\u62ff1000\u679a\u786c\u5e01\u6765\u505a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u53ef\u80fd\u6709500\u679a\u786c\u5e01\u505c\u5728\u6b63\u9762\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6709500\u679a\u786c\u5e01\u505c\u5728\u53cd\u9762\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5047\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u786c\u5e01\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u8003\u5bdf\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5728\u65f6\u523b1\uff0c\u67091000\u4e2a\u786c\u5e01\u5904\u4e8e\u7acb\u9762\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5728\u65f6\u523b2\uff0c\u6709500\u4e2a\u5904\u4e8e\u6b63\u9762\uff0c\u53e6\u5916500\u4e2a\u5904\u4e8e\u53cd\u9762\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4 {\u7acb\u9762\uff0c\u6b63\u9762\uff0c\u53cd\u9762}\u4e0a\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\uff01\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u753b\u6210\u56fe\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4f1a\u770b\u5f97\u66f4\u6e05\u695a\uff08\u56fe6-9\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u540c\u65f6\u8f6c\u52a81000\u679a\u786c\u5e01\uff0c\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u67091000\u4e2a\u7c92\u5b50\u6d41\u8fdb\u4e86\u7acb\u9762\u8fd9\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u800c\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e9b\u786c\u5e01\u5012\u4e0b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u6709500\u4e2a\u7c92\u5b50\u6d41\u5411\u4e86\u6b63\u9762\u8fd9\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u70b9\uff0c\u6709\u53e6500\u4e2a\u7c92\u5b50\u6d41\u5411\u4e86\u53cd\u9762\u8fd9\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u56fe6-9 \u786c\u5e01\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u6d41<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u66f4\u4e00\u822c\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6d41\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u5b9a\u4e49\u6765\u8ba8\u8bba\u72b6\u6001\u6d41\u3002\u72b6\u6001\u6d41\u662f\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u4ecb\u8d28\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6d41\u52a8\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u4f60\u80fd\u7ed9\u4e00\u7c7b\u4e8b\u7269\u5b9a\u4e49\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6d41\u52a8\u5c31\u6709\u4e86\u4ecb\u8d28\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u6d41\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u4e3b\u4f53\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f88\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff1a\u8bd5\u9a8c<\/strong>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u786c\u5e01\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u786c\u5e01\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b97\u4f5c\u6d41\u52a8\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u7531\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u786c\u5e01\u6784\u6210\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u8bd5\u9a8c\u624d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d41\u52a8\u4e3b\u4f53\uff08\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u679a\u786c\u5e01\u91cd\u590d1000\u6b21\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709500\u4e2a\u6d41\u52a8\u4e3b\u4f53\u4ece\u7acb\u9762\u6d41\u5411\u6b63\u9762\u8868\u793a\u7684\u662f\u6709500\u6b21\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e86\u7acb\u9762->\u6b63\u9762\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n

\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5176\u5b9e\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u6d41\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4f60\u5f80\u4e00\u676f\u6e05\u6c34\u91cc\u6ef4\u4e00\u6ef4\u58a8\u6c34\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u91cd\u590d\u591a\u6b21\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u7528\u989c\u8272\u4f5c\u4e3a\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u6765\u8003\u5bdf\u676f\u5b50\u91cc\u7684\u6c34\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u6c34\u5728\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a\u6e05->\u7070->\u9ed1\u3002\u518d\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8003\u5bdf\u4e00\u7f38\u6c14\u4f53\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u901f\u5ea6\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u53c2\u8003\u4e0a\u4e00\u7ae0\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u5fae\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u5b8c\u5168\u968f\u673a\u8fd0\u52a8\uff09\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8fd9\u7f38\u6c14\u4f53\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u6001\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u71b5\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u7f6e\u5907\u5927\u91cf\u76f8\u540c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6c14\u4f53\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6269\u6563\u884c\u4e3a\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u71b5\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6d41\u52a8\u3002\u6839\u636e\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u71b5\u503c\u5c06\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u71b5\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u4ece\u4f4e\u71b5\u70b9\u5230\u9ad8\u71b5\u70b9\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
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\n

\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n

\u56fe6-10 \u786c\u5e01\u78b0\u9489\u5b50\u7684\u6e38\u620f<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
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\n

\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5f39\u5b50\u7403\u7684\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u679a\u786c\u5e01\u6254\u4e0b\uff0c\u786c\u5e01\u4f1a\u4e0e\u5f88\u591a\u9489\u5b50\uff08\u5c0f\u9ed1\u70b9\uff09\u76f8\u78b0\u649e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f2f\u5f2f\u66f2\u66f2\u6eda\u51fa\u4e00\u6761\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u843d\u5230\u7f38\u5e95\u90e8\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u69fd\u5185\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u521a\u597d\u843d\u5165WIN\u69fd\u5185\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u679a\u786c\u5e01\u5c31\u5f52\u4f60\u4e86\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u6b21\u78b0\u649e\u90fd\u662f\u521d\u59cb\u6761\u4ef6\u654f\u611f\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u597d\u7528\u6982\u7387\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6e38\u620f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9489\u5b50\u70b9\u770b\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u786c\u5e01\u6574\u4e2a\u7684\u78b0\u649e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u6d41\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u6761\u4ef6\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6bcf\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u9489\u5b50\uff09\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u9489\u5b50\uff09\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6309\u7167\u67d0\u4e00\u6982\u7387\u53d6\u503c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9489\u5b50\u6eda\u5230\u5de6\u8fb9\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9489\u5b50\u7684\u6982\u7387\u662f\u5c06\u8fd11\/2\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u786c\u5e01\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9489\u5b50\u76f4\u63a5\u6eda\u5230\u7b2c\u4e09\u6392\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9489\u5b50\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u7387\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u6bd4\u65b9\u8bf4\u662f1\/10\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u505a100\u6b21\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u670950\u6b21\u662f\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9489\u5b50\u76f4\u63a5\u6eda\u5230\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6392\u5de6\u8fb9\u7684\u9489\u5b50\uff0c\u4e5f\u670910\u6b21\u662f\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9489\u5b50\u76f4\u63a5\u8e66\u5230\u7b2c\u4e09\u6392\u7684\u5de6\u8fb9\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9489\u5b50\u4e0a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n

\u4eff\u7167\u6b64\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u72b6\u6001i\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u6765\u7684\u72b6\u6001j\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u6982\u7387\u8bb0\u4f5cp(j|i) \uff08\u5728\u6982\u7387\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0cp(j|i)\u4e5f\u88ab\u53eb\u505a\u5728\u6761\u4ef6i\u4e0b\u5230j\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u6982\u7387\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u6837p(2|1)=1\/2, p(4|1)=1\/10\uff08\u72b6\u60011\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9489\u5b50\uff0c\u72b6\u60012\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6392\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9489\u5b50\uff0c4\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e09\u6392\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9489\u5b50\uff09\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u6bcf\u4e00\u5bf9\u72b6\u6001i\u548cj\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u6982\u7387\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u8fde\u63a5\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5982\u56fe\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n

\u56fe6-11 \u786c\u5e01\u78b0\u9489\u5b50\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u94fe<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n

\uff08\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u679a\u9489\u5b50\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8fde\u7ebf\u8868\u793a\u786c\u5e01\u4ece\u4e0a\u4e00\u679a\u9489\u5b50\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd0\u52a8\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u679a\u9489\u5b50\uff0c\u8fb9\u4e0a\u7684\u6982\u7387\u6570\u503c\u8868\u793a\u4ece\u9489\u5b50i\u76f4\u63a5\u5230\u9489\u5b50j\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u6982\u7387\u3002p(1)\u8868\u793a\u8bbf\u95ee\u8282\u70b91\u7684\u6982\u7387\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u8bd5\u9a8c\u90fd\u8981\u5148\u78b0\u649e\u9489\u5b501\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5p(1)=1\uff09<\/span>\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a<\/span>\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u94fe<\/strong>\uff08Markov Chain\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4fc4\u56fd\u4eba\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u662f\u6700\u65e9\u7814\u7a76\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u6761\u8fb9\u4e0a\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u6982\u7387\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u524d\u9762\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\u7684\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u7684\uff0c\u4ece\u72b6\u6001i\u5230j\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u6d41\u6d41\u91cf\u5e94\u8be5\u7b49\u4e8ep(j|i)*p(i)*n\u3002\u5176\u4e2dp(i)\u662f\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230\u72b6\u6001i\u7684\u6982\u7387\uff0cn\u662f\u603b\u7684\u8bd5\u9a8c\u6b21\u6570\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u7528\u72b6\u60012\u52304\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u505a100\u6b21\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e2d\u670950\u6b21\u5c0f\u7403\u6eda\u5230\u4e86\u72b6\u60012\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5p(2)=1\/2\u3002\u7136\u540e\u5728\u8fd950\u6b21\u4e2d\uff0c\u53c8\u6709p(4|2)=0.5\u7684\u6982\u7387\u6d41\u5411\u4e86\u72b6\u60014\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u603b\u5171\u670925\u6b21\u4ece2\u6d41\u5230\u4e864\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n

\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u94fe\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u6d41\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/strong>\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u7387\u95ee\u9898\u8f6c\u5316\u6210\u6d41\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u72b6\u6001\u6d41\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u79f0\u4f5c\u6982\u7387\u6d41\u3002<\/strong>\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u95ee\u9898\u770b\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u7387\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5904\u4e8e\u7a33\u5b9a\u6001\u7684\u6c34\u6d41\u7f51\u7edc\uff08\u7a33\u5b9a\u6001\u662f\u6307\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6d41\u91cf\u90fd\u4e0d\u518d\u53d8\u5316\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6d41\u5165\u603b\u91cf\u5e94\u8be5\u7b49\u4e8e\u6d41\u51fa\u603b\u91cf\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u6d41\u662f\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u7684\uff09\u5982\u56fe6-12\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n

\u56fe6-12 \u4e00\u4e2a\u6c34\u6d41\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u793a\u610f\u56fe<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u800c\u628a\u6d41\u52a8\u4e3b\u4f53\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6982\u7387\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6d41\u91cf\uff01<\/strong>\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u6982\u7387\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u98df\u7269\u7f51\uff09\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u94fe\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u94fe\u7684\u4e00\u6574\u5957\u6570\u5b66\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u6d41\u95ee\u9898\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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      <\/span>    \u7f16\u8f91\uff1awangting<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/p>\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/span><\/p>\n
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\u8ba9\u82f9\u679c\u7838\u5f97\u66f4\u731b\u70c8\u4e9b\u5427\uff01<\/span><\/p>\n

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\"\u96c6\u667a\"
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\u957f\u6309\u8bc6\u522b\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801\uff0c\u5173\u6ce8\u96c6\u667aClub\uff0c<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u79bb\u79d1\u5b66\u63a2\u7d22\u66f4\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n


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