{"id":9101,"date":"2016-09-26T01:00:00","date_gmt":"2016-09-25T17:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/swarma.org\/%swarma-paper%\/"},"modified":"2018-12-06T08:55:52","modified_gmt":"2018-12-06T00:55:52","slug":"%e4%b8%80%e4%b8%aa%e7%94%9f%e7%89%a9%e4%bd%93%e8%83%bd%e5%90%a6%e5%a4%a7%e5%a6%82%e6%98%9f%e7%b3%bb%ef%bc%9f-%e5%a4%8d%e6%9d%82%e6%96%87%e6%91%98%e7%bf%bb%e8%af%91%e7%ac%ac3%e6%9c%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=9101","title":{"rendered":"\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u80fd\u5426\u5927\u5982\u661f\u7cfb\uff1f | \u590d\u6742\u6587\u6458\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7b2c3\u671f"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u80fd\u5426\u5927\u5982\u661f\u7cfb\uff1f <\/strong><\/span>Can a Living Creature Be as Big as a Galaxy?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\"
<\/strong>From nautil.us April 1, 7:38 PM<\/span><\/p>\n

By Gregory Laughlin<\/span><\/p>\n

(Translated by -\u9648\u5f00\u58ee, Edited by Jake)<\/span><\/p>\n


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 <\/span>  \u8bd1\u6587<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n

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\u539f\u6587<\/strong><\/h3>\n
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Why life is constrained to be about the sizes we see on Earth.<\/p>\n

The size of things in our universe runs all the way from the tiny 10^-19 meter scale that characterizes quark interactions, to the cosmic horizon 10^26 meters away. In these 45 possible orders of magnitude, life, as far as we know it, is confined to a relatively tiny bracket of just over nine orders of magnitude, roughly in the middle of the universal range: Bacteria and viruses can measure less than a micron, or 10^-6 meters, and the height of the largest trees reaches roughly 100 meters. The honey fungus that lives under the Blue Mountains in Oregon, and is arguably a single living organism, is about 4 kilometers across.When it comes to known sentient life, the range in scale is even smaller, at about three orders of magnitude.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a<\/strong>
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http:\/\/nautil.us\/issue\/34\/adaptation\/can-a-living-creature-be-as-big-as-a-galaxy<\/p>\n


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\u4fe1\u606f\u9a71\u52a8\u534f\u8c03\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u8f6c\u79fb\u71b5\u7684\u5206\u6790 The dynamics of information-driven coordination phenomena: A transfer entropy analysis<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\"
<\/strong><\/span>From Science Advances 01 Apr 2016:Vol. 2, no. 4, e1501158 April 2, 8:09 PM<\/span><\/p>\n

By Javier Borge-Holthoefer, Nicola Perra, Bruno Gon\u00e7alves, Sandra Gonz\u00e1lez-Bail\u00f3n, Alex Arenas, Yamir Moreno, and Alessandro Vespignani<\/span><\/p>\n

(Translated by \u8521\u5609\u6587\uff0cEdited by Jake)<\/span><\/p>\n


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 <\/span>  \u8bd1\u6587<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n

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Data from social media provide unprecedented opportunities to investigate the processes that govern the dynamics of collective social phenomena. We consider an information theoretical approach to define and measure the temporal and structural signatures typical of collective social events as they arise and gain prominence. We use the symbolic transfer entropy analysis of microblogging time series to extract directed networks of influence among geolocalized subunits in social systems. This methodology captures the emergence of system-level dynamics close to the onset of socially relevant collective phenomena. The framework is validated against a detailed empirical analysis of five case studies. In particular, we identify a change in the characteristic time scale of the information transfer that flags the onset of information-driven collective phenomena. Furthermore, our approach identifies an order-disorder transition in the directed network of influence between social subunits. In the absence of clear exogenous driving, social collective phenomena can be represented as endogenously driven structural transitions of the information transfer network. This study provides results that can help define models and predictive algorithms for the analysis of societal events based on open source data.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff1ahttp:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.1501158<\/p>\n


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\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u80fd\u5426\u5927\u5982\u661f\u7cfb\uff1f Can a Living Creature Be as Big as a Galaxy? From nautil.us April 1, 7:38 PM By Gregory Laughlin (Translated by -\u9648\u5f00\u58ee, Edited by&nbsp…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9102,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[22],"tags":[],"special":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9101"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9101"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9101\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9110,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9101\/revisions\/9110"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/9102"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9101"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9101"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9101"},{"taxonomy":"special","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fspecial&post=9101"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}