{"id":9435,"date":"2016-08-28T01:00:00","date_gmt":"2016-08-27T17:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/swarma.org\/%swarma-paper%\/"},"modified":"2018-12-11T21:41:22","modified_gmt":"2018-12-11T13:41:22","slug":"recurrent-neural-networks%e5%8f%8anlp-%e9%9b%86%e6%99%banlp%e8%af%bb%e4%b9%a6%e4%bc%9a%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=9435","title":{"rendered":"Recurrent Neural Networks\u53caNLP \u2014\u2014\u96c6\u667aNLP\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u7b14\u8bb0"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"bpp-post-content\">\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u4e86\u89e3RNN\u548c\u5bf9RNN\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684threshold\u5927\u6982\u662f\u5173\u6ce8assocative memory\u548clongshort term memory (LSTM) \u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21\u7b14\u8bb0\u4e3b\u8981\u6574\u740618\u65e5\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u6c47\u603b\u4e0b\u6211\u89c9\u5f97Bengio\u7684\u65b0\u4e66\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u6bd4\u8f83\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u70b9\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6240\u8bf4\u7684RNN\u662frecurrent neural networks\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662frecursive\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u7c7bRNN\u5728\u8bad\u7ec3\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e0a\u6709\u76f8\u901a\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">I. RNN\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u7a0b<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1982\u5e74\uff0cJ.Hop\ufb01eld\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86Hop\ufb01eld networks\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u56fe1\u6240\u793a\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0cHop\ufb01eld \u7f51\u7edc\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u5c42\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u8fd8\u8981\u6c42\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\uff1a0\u548c1\uff08\u6216\uff1a+1\u548c-1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u7ec4\u53d6\u503c\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e92\u76f8\u8f6c\u6362\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><img      src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma4-1534234418-1.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">\u56fe1\uff1aHop\ufb01eld\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u5c42\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<p>\u57fa\u4e8eHop\ufb01eld\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u7b97\u6cd5\u6700\u51fa\u540d\u7684\u5c31\u662fHebb\u5b66\u4e60\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u4ece\u795e\u7ecf\u5143i\u5230\u795e\u7ecf\u5143j\u7684\u7a81\u89e6\u6743\u503c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><img      src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma6-1534234418.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><br  \/>\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u03be\u00b5(\u00b5 = 1,\u00b7\u00b7\u00b7 ,M)\u662fM\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u7531\u4e8eHop\ufb01eld\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u81ea\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u56e0 \u6b64\u8981\u6c42wii = 0\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e5f\u7ecf\u5e38\u5199\u6210\uff1a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><img      src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma9-1534234418.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><br  \/>\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0cI\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4f4d\u77e9\u9635\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u4e60\u89c4\u5219\u4ea4Storkey learning rule\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\u548cHebb\u76f8\u6bd4\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u6709\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u50a8\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\uff08capacity\uff09\uff0c\u7a81\u89e6\u6743\u503c\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><img      src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma9-1534234418-1.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><br  \/>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><img      src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma6-1534234418-1.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><br  \/><\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u540e\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u6587\u732e\u8fd8\u6307\u51fa\uff0cHop\ufb01eld \u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ea0\u9519\u548c\u6309\u5185\u5bb9\u5bfb\u5740\uff0c\u800cHebb\u89c4\u5219\u548cStorkey\u89c4\u5219\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u5b58\u50a8\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<p>1986\u5e74\u548c1990\u5e74\uff0cMichael Jordan\u548cJe\ufb00ery Elman\u5206\u522b\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86Jordan Network\u548cElmanNetwork\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"post-image\"><img      src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma0-1534234418.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><br  \/><\/div>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">\u56fe2\uff1aJordan\u7f51\u7edc\u548cElman\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u73b0\u5728\u4eba\u4eec\u7528\u7684RNN\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ece\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u770b\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f88\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e86\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cJordan \u7f51\u7edc\u5c11\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u523b\u7684hidden layer\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u591a\u4e86feedback\u3002<\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8bad\u7ec3\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e0a\uff0c1990\u5e74P. Werbos\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86Back Propagation Through Time (BPTT),\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5176\u5b9e\u548cback propagation\u5f88\u50cf\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u3002\u800cbackpropgation\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u57fa\u4e8egradient descent\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"post-image\"><img      src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma3-1534234418.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><br  \/><\/div>\n<p><strong><span style=\"line-height: 1.6; font-size: 12px;\">\u56fe3\uff1aBack Propagation Through Time\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br  \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 1.6; font-size: 12px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u7d27\u63a5\u7740\uff0clong-short term memory (lstm)\u548cbidirectional RNN (brnn)\u5747\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\u3002\u4ece\u5de6\u56fe\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5lstm\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5728associative memory\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u50a8\u5b58memory\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3alstm\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u6700\u5de7\u5999\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2aforget gate\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"post-image\"><img      src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma10-1534234419.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><br  \/><\/div>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">\u56fe4\uff1aLSTM\u548cBRNN\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5355\u72ec\u770blstm\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u597d\u50cf\u86ee\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u89c9\u5f97\u5176\u5b9e\u6d41\u7a0b\u5f88\u6e05\u6670\uff08PS\uff1a\u6211\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u516c\u5f0f\u81ea\u5df1\u53cd\u63a8\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e5f\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u3002\u5355\u72ec\u770bNLP\u96c6\u667a\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7b14\u8bb0<span style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u56fe\uff0c\u603b\u89c9\u5f97\u602a\u602a\u7684\u3002\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"post-image\"><img      src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma5-1534234419.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><br  \/><\/div>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u2299\u8868\u793a\u5411\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u70b9\u4e58\uff0cxt\u662f\u5728\u65f6\u523bt\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u5411\u91cf\uff0cW\u548cR\u5206\u522b\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42 \u4e4b\u95f4feedback\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548crecurrent\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\uff0cp\u662fpeephole\u7684\u6743\u91cd\uff0c\u03c3\u3001g\u548ch\u90fd\u662f\u6fc0\u6d3b\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u5728lstm\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u539f\u59cb\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u90fd\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u8bf4\u7684\u6700\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u662f2015 \u5e743 \u6708\u653e\u5230arxiv\u4e0a\u7684\u201cLSTM: A Search SpaceOdyssey\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u5982\u679c\u5220\u6389lstm\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u90e8\u5206\u7ed3\u6784\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4ec0\u4e48\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u540e\uff0c2014\u5e74Neural turing machine (NTM)\u548cGated Recurrent Unit (GRU)\u5747\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u56fe5\u6240\u793a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u76ee\u524d\u5728machine translation, sequence to sequence\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u6709\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"post-image\"><img      src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma7-1534234419.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><br  \/><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>\u56fe5\uff1aNTM\u548cGRU\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">II RNN\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u53ca\u8bad\u7ec3<\/span><\/strong><br  \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"post-image\"><img      src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma4-1534234419.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><br  \/><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>\u56fe6\uff1arnn\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<p>rnn\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u56fe6\u6240\u793a\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0crnn\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u6210\u4e00\u4e2afeedback\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7rnn\u7684\u7ed3\u6784<span style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u91cc\u9762\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e86\u5728\u9690\u85cf\u5c42\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u7ed3\u6784\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u4ece\u5b83\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u4e5f\u80fd\u770b\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"post-image\"><img      src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma10-1534234419-1.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><br  \/><\/div>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0cxt\u3001yt\u548cht\u5206\u522b\u662ft\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u3001\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u9690\u85cf\u5c42\u7684\u503c\u3002rnn\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u56fe\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u753b\u6210\u4e0b<span style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u9762\u7684\u6837\u5b50\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"post-image\"><img      src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma0-1534234419.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><br  \/><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>\u56fe7\uff1arnn\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong><br  \/><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u6839\u636e\u56fe7\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e0b\u9762\u7684updated rules\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u57fa\u4e8eBPTT\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><img      src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma7-1534234419-1.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><br  \/>\u90a3\u4e48\uff0cBPTT\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u662f\u68af\u5ea6\u6d88\u5931(vanishing gradient)\u548c\u68af\u5ea6\u7206\u70b8(exploding gradient)\u3002\u4ece\u516c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u7aef\u502a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><img      src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma10-1534234420.png\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><br  \/>\u5982\u679ct \u2212 k\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u5f53\u2225Whh\u2225 &lt; 1\u6216\u2225f\u2032\u2225 &lt; 1\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u68af\u5ea6\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6gradient descent\uff08\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u6210BPTT\uff09\u80af\u5b9a\u5c31\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0d\u4e0b\u53bb\u4e86\uff0c\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u5730\u65b9\uff08\u5305\u62ecmemory networks\u4e2d\uff09\u4e5f\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u60c5\u51b5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u957f\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u8870\u51cf\u4e3a\u77ed\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u4ece\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e2d\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n<div class=\"post-image\"><img      src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma7-1534234420.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><br  \/><\/div>\n<p>\u800c\u5f53\u2225Whh\u2225 &gt; 1 \u6216\u2225f\u2032\u2225 &gt; 1 \u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u53d1\u751f\u68af\u5ea6\u7206\u70b8\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e0d\u6536\u655b\u3002&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<p>\u89e3\u51b3\u68af\u5ea6\u6d88\u5931\u548c\u7206\u70b8\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u5904\u7406\u68af\u5ea6\u6d88\u5931\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528identity function\u548c\u4ece\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u53d1\u7684\u91cd\u6574\u5316\u7fa4(regularization group)\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u7528\u91cd\u6574\u5316\u7fa4\u6765\u5904\u7406over\ufb01tting\uff0c\u5176\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u7528\u66f4\u52a0\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u4e4b\u524d\u7684active function\uff0c\u6548\u679c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9519\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528LSTM\u4e2d\u7684\u95e8\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u9884\u9632\u68af\u5ea6\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u800c\u4eba\u4eec\u5e38\u7528gradients clipping\u548c\u5728\u76ee\u6807\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u52a0\u4e0a\u6743\u503c\u77e9\u9635\u7684L1\u6216\u8005L2regularization\u6765\u9632\u6b62\u68af\u5ea6\u7206\u70b8\u3002\u5173\u4e8eL2 regression\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\u6709\u4eba\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3aridgeregression\u6216\u8005weight decay\u3002<\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><strong>III. RNN\u5728NLP\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8eRNN\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5b83\u81ea\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u53d8\u957f\u3001\u65f6\u5e8f\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0b\u56fe\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5c06RNN\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u751f\u6210\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u6587\u672c\u6807\u6ce8\uff08\u8bcd\u6027\u6807\u6ce8\u548c\u53e5\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\u7b49\uff09\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"post-image\"><img      src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma9-1534234420.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><br  \/><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>\u56fe8\uff1aNTM\u548cGRU\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong><br  \/><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><strong>IV. Bengio\u7684\u4e66\u4e2d\u5173\u4e8eRNN\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684tips<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u7b2c10\u7ae0sequence modeling\u7684\u7b2c2\u8282\uff0c\u662f\u91cd\u70b9\u4ecb\u7ecdRNN\u7684\u4e00\u8282\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\uff1a<\/p>\n<div class=\"post-image\"><img      src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma8-1534234420.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><br  \/><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>\u56fe9\uff1arnn\u7684feedback\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e\u666e\u901a\u7684RNN\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728output\u548chidden layer\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u4e00\u4e2afeedback\u5faa\u73af\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u53c2\u8003\u4e86Jordan\u7f51\u7edc\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4e8efeedback\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fd9\u6837\u6784\u9020\u7684rnn\u4e0d\u5982\u4f20\u7edf\u7684rnn\u66f4powerful\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f20\u7edf\u7684rnn\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u4efb\u4f55\u521d\u503c\u4f20\u5165\u5230hidden layer\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u7531hidden layer\u4f20\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u56fe9\u6784\u9020\u7684rnn\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230speci\ufb01ed output\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6output\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u9ad8\u5f88\u9ad8\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u4f1a\u6bd4\u4f20\u7edf\u7684rnn\u66f4\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u53eb\u505a\u201ctime-unfolded rnn\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u56fe10\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"post-image\"><img      src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma9-1534234420-1.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><br  \/><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>\u56fe10\uff1aTime-unfolded rnn\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u7c7brnn\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\uff1a\u5728sequence\u7684\u6700\u540e\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2aoutput\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5728\u603b\u7ed3\uff08summarize a sequence\uff09\u548c\u4ea7\u751f\u56fa\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\uff08\ufb01xed-size representation\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<p>RNN\u9664\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2aoutput\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2ainput\uff0c\u5982\u56fe11\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"post-image\"><img      src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma0-1534234420.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><br  \/><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>\u56fe11\uff1aRNN that maps a \ufb01xed-length vector x into a distribution over sequence Y\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7rnn\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\ufb01xed-length\uff09\u7684\u5411\u91cfx\u8868\u793a\u6210\u4e00\u4e2asequence\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7528\u5728image captioning\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684image\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u8981\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e2aimage\u3002<\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u90e8\uff0c\u662f\u5982\u56fe12\u6240\u793a\u7684\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684output\u4f1a\u5bf9\u73b0\u5728\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u7684rnn\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7brnn\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3aconditional rnn\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"post-image\"><img      src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma8-1534234420-1.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><br  \/><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>\u56fe12\uff1aA conditional recurrent neural network mapping a variable-length sequence of x into adistribution over sequences of y of the same length\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u4e0a\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u7684output\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9bRNN\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u7b97\u6cd5\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728BPTT\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u4f9d\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4f5c\u8005\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u7504\u6167\u73b2\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u6240\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u535a\u58eb\u540e\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u6570\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u535a\u58eb\u540e\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u5174\u8da3\uff1a\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7f51\u7edc\uff08\u5305\u62ecLSTM, question answering, neural turing machine, attention\uff09\u548c\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u673a\u5236\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0eRBM\u53ca\u5176\u5404\u79cdvarients\u6709\u5173\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 19px; line-height: 23.2727px; color: rgb(71, 193, 168); text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img    width=\"22px\"  style=\"margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; display: block; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible !important; width: auto !important;\" src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma2-1534234421.gif\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; font-size: 24px; line-height: 23.2727px; color: rgb(71, 193, 168); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px; line-height: 21.12px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u8ba9\u82f9\u679c\u7838\u5f97\u66f4\u731b\u70c8\u4e9b\u5427\uff01\uff01\uff01<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.4; color: rgb(71, 193, 168); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 1.4; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<hr style=\"line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"  \/>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.4; color: rgb(71, 193, 168); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 1.4; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><\/span><\/strong><br style=\"max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.4; color: rgb(71, 193, 168); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 1.4; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u96c6\u667a\u8457\u4f5c\uff1a\u300a\u8d70\u8fd12050\uff1a\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u3001\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u300b<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.4; color: rgb(71, 193, 168); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.4; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 1.4; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><img      style=\"box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; width: auto !important; visibility: visible !important;\" src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma1-1534234421.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/span><\/strong><br style=\"max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"white-space: normal; line-height: 25.6px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">\u25bc<\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<section label=\"Copyright \u00a9 2015 playhudong All Rights Reserved.\" style=\"margin: 15px auto; white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); width: 286px; text-align: center; overflow: hidden; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"margin: 10px auto; max-width: 100%; width: auto; clear: both; vertical-align: middle; display: block; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><\/p>\n<section style=\"margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; max-width: 100%; width: 143px; float: left; display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><img      src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma9-1534234421.jpg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><br  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-top: 20px; max-width: 100%; width: 143px; float: right; display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><img    width=\"75\"  style=\"margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 18px; margin-left: auto; display: block; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible !important; width: 75px !important;\" src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma8-1534234421.png\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><span 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title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 19px; line-height: 23.2727px; color: rgb(71, 193, 168); text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; font-size: 24px; line-height: 23.2727px; color: rgb(71, 193, 168); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px; line-height: 21.12px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"228px\" height=\"347\"      style=\"color: rgb(71, 193, 168); font-size: 18.018px; line-height: 25.2252px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible !important; width: 228px !important;\" src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma5-1534234421.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<section style=\"white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; text-align: center; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; color: rgb(71, 193, 168); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">\n<section style=\"margin: 10px auto; padding: 10px; max-width: 100%; width: 180px; border: 2px dashed rgb(132, 132, 132); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><img      style=\"box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; width: auto !important; visibility: visible !important;\" src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma4-1534234421.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><br  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; font-size: 19px; line-height: 23.2727px; color: rgb(71, 193, 168); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u957f\u6309\u8bc6\u522b\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801\uff0c\u5173\u6ce8\u96c6\u667aClub\u5fae\u4fe1\uff0c<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; font-size: 19px; line-height: 23.2727px; color: rgb(71, 193, 168); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u79bb\u79d1\u5b66\u63a2\u7d22\u66f4\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote 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