{"id":9468,"date":"2016-08-27T01:00:00","date_gmt":"2016-08-26T17:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/swarma.org\/%swarma-paper%\/"},"modified":"2018-12-11T21:41:31","modified_gmt":"2018-12-11T13:41:31","slug":"%e5%9f%8e%e5%b8%82%e5%86%b3%e5%ae%9a%e6%9c%aa%e6%9d%a5%ef%bc%88cities-are-the-future%ef%bc%89-%e5%a4%8d%e6%9d%82%e6%96%87%e6%91%98%e7%bf%bb%e8%af%91","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=9468","title":{"rendered":"\u57ce\u5e02\u51b3\u5b9a\u672a\u6765\uff08Cities are the Future\uff09| \u590d\u6742\u6587\u6458\u7ffb\u8bd1"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

\u76ee\u5f55<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

22. \u57ce\u5e02\u51b3\u5b9a\u672a\u6765\uff08Cities are the Future\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

23. \u5efa\u9020\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u57ce\u5e02 \uff08Building functional cities\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

24. \u8d70\u5411\u667a\u6167\u3001\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u3001\u5065\u5eb7\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219 \uff08<\/span>Meta-principles for developing smart, sustainable, and healthy cities\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

25. \u884c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6709\u6f5c\u529b\u9020\u798f\u75c5\u4eba\u3001\u4fdd\u9669\u516c\u53f8\u548c\u96c7\u4e3b \uff08<\/span>Behavioral Economics Holds Potential To Deliver Better Results For Patients, Insurers, And Employers\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

26. \u5f00\u653e\u521b\u65b02.0\u7684\u5341\u4e8c\u6761\u51c6\u5219 \uff08<\/span>Twelve principles for open innovation 2.0\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

27. \u5bf9\u57fa\u4e8eTwitter\u653f\u6cbb\u96c6\u4f53\u8fd0\u52a8\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u504f\u89c1\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u504f\u7684\u56de\u987e \uff08<\/span>A Biased Review of Biases in Twitter Studies on Political Collective Action\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\uff08<\/span>\u66f4\u591a\u6587\u6458\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u9605\u8bfb\u539f\u6587\u3002<\/strong>\uff09<\/span>
<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

22.  <\/strong><\/strong>\u57ce\u5e02\u51b3\u5b9a\u672a\u6765<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff08Cities are the Future\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\"
<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

May 22, 5:38 AM From science.sciencemag.org<\/span><\/p>\n

by Nicholas S. Wigginton, Julia Fahrenkamp-Uppenbrink, Brad Wible, David Malakoff<\/span><\/p>\n

(Translated by -\u9648\u5f00\u58ee\uff0cedited by \u5510\u7490)<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n

Earth has become an urban planet. More than half of the world’s people now live in cities, and the proportion is growing. And urban areas are sprawling even faster than they are adding people, swallowing up both farmland and wildlands. The implications are sobering. The land area needed to provide city residents with food, energy, and materials is expanding; this ecological footprint is often 200 times greater than the area of a city itself. The resulting carbon emissions, added to those from cities themselves, mean that urbanization is now the main driver of climate change.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n


<\/p>\n

<\/span>  \u8bd1\u6587\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5730\u7403\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u9897\u57ce\u5e02\u661f\u7403\u3002\u5982\u4eca\u6709\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u53e3\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6bd4\u4f8b\u8fd8\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u957f\u3002\u57ce\u533a\u9762\u79ef\u7684\u6269\u5f20\u751a\u81f3\u6bd4\u65b0\u589e\u4eba\u53e3\u8fd8\u6765\u5f97\u8fc5\u731b\uff0c\u541e\u566c\u519c\u5730\u548c\u8352\u5730\u3002 \u8fd9\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u542f\u793a\u53d1\u4eba\u6df1\u7701\u3002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e3a\u57ce\u5e02\u5c45\u6c11\u63d0\u4f9b\u98df\u7269\u3001\u80fd\u91cf\u3001\u548c\u539f\u6750\u6599\u6240\u9700\u7684\u571f\u5730\u9762\u79ef\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u5f20\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u751f\u6001\u533a\u57df\u5e38\u5e38\u6bd4\u57ce\u533a\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u9762\u79ef\u5927200\u500d\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u5bfc\u81f4\u78b3\u6392\u653e\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u57ce\u5e02\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u78b3\u6392\u653e\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u57ce\u5e02\u5316\u73b0\u5728\u6210\u4e86\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u63a8\u52a8\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

<\/span>\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1126\/science.352.6288.904<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

23. <\/span><\/strong>\u5efa\u9020\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u57ce\u5e02 <\/span><\/p>\n

\uff08Building functional cities\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\"
<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

May 19, 11:36 PM From science.sciencemag.org<\/span><\/p>\n

by J. Vernon Henderson, Anthony J. Venables, Tanner Regan, Ilia Samsonov<\/span><\/p>\n

(Translated by – \u5218\u6e05\u6674, edited by \u5085\u6e25\u6210)<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

The literature views many African cities as dysfunctional with a hodgepodge of land uses and poor \u201cconnectivity.\u201d One driver of inefficient land uses is construction decisions for highly durable buildings made under weak institutions. In a novel approach, we model the dynamics of urban land use with both formal and slum dwellings and ongoing urban redevelopment to higher building heights in the formal sector as a city grows. We analyze the evolution of Nairobi using a unique high\u2013spatial resolution data set. The analysis suggests insufficient building volume through most of the city and large slum areas with low housing volumes near the center, where corrupted institutions deter conversion to formal sector usage.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n


<\/p>\n

<\/span>  \u8bd1\u6587\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8bb8\u591a\u6587\u732e\u8d44\u6599\u90fd\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u975e\u6d32\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u57ce\u5e02\u90fd\u662f\u529f\u80fd\u5931\u8c03\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u571f\u5730\u5229\u7528\u65b9\u9762\u4e00\u56e2\u7cdf\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u201c\u8fde\u63a5\u6027\uff08connectivity\uff09\u201d\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u5f88\u5dee\u52b2\u3002\u5bfc\u81f4\u571f\u5730\u4f4e\u6548\u5229\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u575a\u56fa\u8010\u7528\u7684\u4f4f\u5b85\u7684\u65bd\u5de5\u662f\u5728\u8106\u5f31\u7684\u4f53\u5236\u4e0b\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u57ce\u5e02\u751f\u957f\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u7528\u6b63\u89c4\u793e\u533a\uff08formal sector\uff09\u4e2d\u8f83\u9ad8\u5efa\u7b51\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u65e2\u6709\u6b63\u89c4\u6c11\u5c45\u53c8\u6709\u8d2b\u6c11\u7a9f\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u57ce\u5e02\u6301\u7eed\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u518d\u53d1\u5c55\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5206\u6790\u4e86Nairobi\uff08\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a\u80af\u5c3c\u4e9a\u9996\u90fd\uff09\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5206\u6790\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8be5\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\u5efa\u7b51\u5bb9\u79ef\uff08housing volume\uff09\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\u9644\u8fd1\u5b58\u5728\u5927\u7247\u7684\u8d2b\u6c11\u7a9f\uff0c\u4f4f\u5b85\u5bb9\u79ef\u4f4e\u3002\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u89c4\u5212\u963b\u788d\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u533a\u57df\u5411\u6b63\u89c4\u793e\u533a\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aaf7150<\/span><\/p>\n

PDF\u4e0b\u8f7d<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

http:\/\/sci-hub.cc\/10.1126\/science.aaf7150<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

24.  <\/strong><\/span><\/strong>\u8d70\u5411\u667a\u6167\u3001\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u3001\u5065\u5eb7\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219 <\/span>\uff08Meta-principles for developing smart, sustainable, and healthy cities\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\"
<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

May 20, 9:34 PM From science.sciencemag.org<\/span><\/p>\n

by Anu Ramaswami, Armistead G. Russell, Patricia J. Culligan, Karnamadakala Rahul Sharma, Emani Kumar<\/span><\/p>\n

(Translated by \u9648\u7acb\u7fa4\uff0cedited by \u5510\u7490)<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Policy directives in several nations are focusing on the development of smart cities, linking innovations in the data sciences with the goal of advancing human well-being and sustainability on a highly urbanized planet. To achieve this goal, smart initiatives must move beyond city-level data to a higher-order understanding of cities as transboundary, multisectoral, multiscalar, social-ecological-infrastructural systems with diverse actors, priorities, and solutions. We identify five key dimensions of cities and present eight principles to focus attention on the systems-level decisions that society faces to transition toward a smart, sustainable, and healthy urban future.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n


<\/p>\n

<\/span>  \u8bd1\u6587\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u591a\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u5728\u5173\u6ce8\u548c\u5f15\u5bfc\u667a\u6167\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u521b\u65b0\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u57ce\u5e02\u5316\u7684\u661f\u7403\u4e0a\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u667a\u6167\u5316\u7684\u4e3e\u63aa\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u57ce\u5e02\u7ea7\u6570\u636e\u8de8\u8d8a\u5230\u5bf9\u57ce\u5e02\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5c06\u57ce\u5e02\u89c6\u4e3a\u8de8\u9886\u57df\u3001\u8de8\u90e8\u95e8\u3001\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3001\u6709\u591a\u65b9\u53c2\u4e0e\u3001\u591a\u79cd\u76ee\u7684\u3001\u591a\u4e2a\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\uff0d\u751f\u6001\uff0d\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u4e94\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u516b\u6761\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5173\u6ce8\u5f53\u524d\u793e\u4f1a\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u8d70\u5411\u667a\u6167\u3001\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u3001\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u672a\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

<\/span>\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aaf7160<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

25.  <\/strong><\/span>\u884c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6709\u6f5c\u529b\u9020\u798f\u75c5\u4eba\u3001\u4fdd\u9669\u516c\u53f8\u548c\u96c7\u4e3b <\/span>\uff08Behavioral Economics Holds Potential To Deliver Better Results For Patients, Insurers, And Employers\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\"
<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

May 20, 4:15 PM From content.healthaffairs.org<\/span><\/p>\n

by George Loewenstein, David A. Asch and Kevin G. Volpp<\/span><\/p>\n

(Translated by -Frank\uff0cedited by \u5510\u7490)<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Many programs being implemented by US employers, insurers, and health care providers use incentives to encourage patients to take better care of themselves. We critically review a range of these efforts and show that many programs, although well-meaning, are unlikely to have much impact because they require information, expertise, and self-control that few patients possess. As a result, benefits are likely to accrue disproportionately to patients who already are taking adequate care of their health. We show how these programs could be made more effective through the use of insights from behavioral economics. For example, incentive programs that offer patients small and frequent payments for behavior that would benefit the patients, such as medication adherence, can be more effective than programs with incentives that are far less visible because they are folded into a paycheck or used to reduce a monthly premium. Deploying more-nuanced insights from behavioral economics can lead to policies with the potential to increase patient engagement and deliver dividends for patients and favorable cost-effectiveness ratios for insurers, employers, and other relevant commercial entities.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n


<\/p>\n

<\/span>  \u8bd1\u6587\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u56fd\u96c7\u4e3b\u3001\u4fdd\u9669\u516c\u53f8\u548c\u533b\u62a4\u673a\u6784\u63a8\u884c\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u5956\u52b1\u6765\u9f13\u52b1\u75c5\u4eba\u7167\u987e\u597d\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4ed4\u7ec6\u5ba1\u67e5\u4e86\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5c3d\u7ba1\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u597d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u6ca1\u6709\u90a3\u4e48\u5927\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u75c5\u4eba\u5177\u5907\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u81ea\u63a7\u529b\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u798f\u5229\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u6210\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5730\u504f\u5411\u4e8e\u5df2\u8db3\u591f\u7167\u987e\u81ea\u8eab\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u75c5\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u50cf\u4f60\u5c55\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u884c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u6d1e\u89c1\u4f7f\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9879\u76ee\u66f4\u5353\u6709\u6210\u6548\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f1a\u7ed9\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6709\u76ca\u5065\u5eb7\u884c\u4e3a\u2014\u2014\u6bd4\u5982\u9075\u4ece\u533b\u5631\u670d\u836f\u2014\u2014\u7684\u75c5\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u5fae\u5c0f\u800c\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u62a5\u916c\u7684\u6fc0\u52b1\u6027\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5c31\u6bd4\u90a3\u4e9b\u5956\u52b1\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u4e48\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u66f4\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5956\u52b1\u88ab\u6298\u5408\u6210\u4e86\u85aa\u8d44\u6216\u8005\u7528\u6765\u51cf\u5c11\u6708\u5ea6\u6d25\u8d34\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u884c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u5fae\u5999\u6d1e\u89c1\uff0c\u53ef\u63a8\u52a8\u51fa\u53f0\u653f\u7b56\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u75c5\u4eba\u53c2\u4e0e\u5ea6\u548c\u4e3a\u75c5\u4eba\u53d1\u653e\u7ea2\u5229\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4fdd\u9669\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u96c7\u4e3b\u3001\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5546\u4e1a\u5b9e\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\u4e5f\u6709\u53ef\u559c\u7684\u6027\u4ef7\u6bd4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1377\/hlthaff.2012.1163<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

26.  <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5f00\u653e\u521b\u65b02.0\u7684\u5341\u4e8c\u6761\u51c6\u5219 \uff08Twelve principles for open innovation 2.0\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\"
<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

May 21, 4:07 PM From www.nature.com<\/span><\/p>\n

by Martin Curley<\/span><\/p>\n

(Translated by -\u80e1\u9e4f\u535a\uff0cedited by \u5510\u7490)<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n

A new mode of innovation is emerging that blurs the lines between universities, industry, governments and communities. It exploits disruptive technologies \u2014 such as cloud computing, the Internet of Things and big data \u2014 to solve societal challenges sustainably and profitably, and more quickly and ably than before. It is called open innovation 2.0. The promise is sustainable, intelligent living: innovations drive economic growth and improve quality of life while reducing environmental impact and resource use. For example, a dynamic congestion-charging system can adjust traffic flow and offer incentives to use park-and-ride schemes, guided by real-time traffic levels and air quality. Car-to-car communication could manage traffic to minimize transit times and emissions and eliminate road deaths from collisions. Smart electricity grids lower costs, integrate renewable energies and balance loads. Health-care monitoring enables early interventions, improving life quality and reducing care costs.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n


<\/p>\n

<\/span>  \u8bd1\u6587\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u6a21\u5f0f\u6a21\u7cca\u4e86\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u5de5\u4e1a\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u754c\u9650\u3002\u5b83\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e91\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u548c\u5927\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6765\u6301\u7eed\u6709\u6548\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u4e00\u4e9b\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8981\u6bd4\u4e4b\u524d\u66f4\u52a0\u5feb\u901f\u548c\u7cbe\u5999\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u521b\u65b0\u6a21\u5f0f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5f00\u653e\u521b\u65b02.0\uff08open innovation 2.0\uff09\u3002\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u3001\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff1a\u521b\u65b0\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u6539\u5584\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u51cf\u5c11\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6d88\u8017\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u5835\u8f66\u6536\u8d39\u7cfb\u7edf\u80fd\u591f\u8c03\u6574\u4ea4\u901a\u6d41\u91cf\u5e76\u4e14\u4f1a\u6fc0\u52b1\u4eba\u4eec\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u53bb\u4f7f\u7528\u505c\u8f66\u6362\u4e58\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6848\u662f\u7531\u5b9e\u65f6\u4ea4\u901a\u72b6\u51b5\u548c\u7a7a\u6c14\u8d28\u91cf\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u3002\u8f66\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u63a7\u4ea4\u901a\uff0c\u5c06\u6362\u4e58\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u5c3e\u6c14\u6392\u653e\u964d\u5230\u6700\u4f4e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u907f\u514d\u7531\u78b0\u649e\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u9053\u8def\u4ea4\u901a\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4e8b\u6545\u3002\u667a\u80fd\u7535\u7f51\u53ef\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u8017\u8d39\u3001\u6574\u5408\u53ef\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u548c\u5e73\u8861\u8d1f\u8f7d\u3002\u536b\u751f\u4fdd\u5065\u76d1\u63a7\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u65e9\u671f\u4ecb\u5165\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6539\u5584\u751f\u6d3b\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u51cf\u5c11\u4fdd\u5065\u8d39\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.nature.com\/news\/twelve-principles-for-open-innovation-2-0-1.19911<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

27.  <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5bf9\u57fa\u4e8eTwitter\u653f\u6cbb\u96c6\u4f53\u8fd0\u52a8\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u504f\u89c1\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u504f\u7684\u56de\u987e \uff08A Biased Review of Biases in Twitter Studies on Political Collective Action\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\"
<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

May 20, 6:21 PM From arxiv.org<\/span><\/p>\n

by Peter Cihon, Taha Yasseri<\/span><\/p>\n

(Translated by Cancy\uff0cedited by \u5085\u6e25\u6210)<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n

In recent years researchers have gravitated to social media platforms, especially Twitter, as fertile ground for empirical analysis of social phenomena. Social media provides researchers access to trace data of interactions and discourse that once went unrecorded in the offline world. Researchers have sought to use these data to explain social phenomena both particular to social media and applicable to the broader social world. This paper offers a minireview of Twitter-based research on political crowd behavior. This literature offers insight into particular social phenomena on Twitter, but often fails to use standardized methods that permit interpretation beyond individual studies. Moreover, the literature fails to ground methodologies and results in social or political theory, divorcing empirical research from the theory needed to interpret it. Rather, papers focus primarily on methodological innovations for social media analyses, but these too often fail to sufficiently demonstrate the validity of such methodologies. This minireview considers a small number of selected papers; we analyze their (often lack of) theoretical approaches, review their methodological innovations, and offer suggestions as to the relevance of their results for political scientists and sociologists.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n


<\/p>\n

<\/span>  \u8bd1\u6587\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u88ab\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u5e73\u53f0\u6240\u5438\u5f15\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u8c61\u5b9e\u8bc1\u5206\u6790\u6c83\u571f\u7684 Twitter\u3002\u9664\u975e\u79bb\u7ebf\u6ca1\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u6e90\u6e90\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4ea4\u4e92\u548c\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6570\u636e\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u8bd5\u56fe\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u7279\u5b9a\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u548c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u672c\u6587\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8e Twitter \u7814\u7a76\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7fa4\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u7b80\u8ff0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u6587\u732e\u5e38\u5e38\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5728 Twitter \u4e0a\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u6d1e\u5bdf\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u7ecf\u5e38\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53bb\u89e3\u91ca\u8d85\u51fa\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u6587\u732e\u901a\u5e38\u672a\u80fd\u63d0\u51fa\u57fa\u7840\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u91ca\u793e\u4f1a\u6216\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5272\u88c2\u4e86\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u6587\u732e\u4e3b\u8981\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u7684\u521b\u65b0\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u80fd\u5145\u5206\u8bc1\u660e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b80\u8ff0\u9009\u53d6\u4e86\u8f83\u5c11\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u7ae0\u662f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7406\u8bba\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u56de\u987e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u521b\u65b0\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1605.04774<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n

<\/span><\/strong>
<\/p>\n

\u96c6\u667a\u8457\u4f5c\uff1a\u300a\u8d70\u8fd12050\uff1a\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u3001\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u300b<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/span><\/strong>
<\/p>\n

\u25bc<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n
\"\u96c6\u667a\"
<\/section>\n
\"\u96c6\u667a\"\u2190<\/span>\u8bc6\u522b\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801\u8d2d\u4e70~<\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

\u968f\u7740\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7a0b\u5e8fAlphaGo\u4ee54:1\u7684\u5927\u6bd4\u5206\u6218\u80dc\u4eba\u7c7b\u56f4\u68cb\u4e16\u754c\u51a0\u519b\u674e\u4e16\u77f3\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u5c06\u5f81\u670d\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u62c5\u5fe7\u6b63\u5728\u751a\u56a3\u5c18\u4e0a\u3002\u300a\u8d70\u8fd12050\uff1a\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u3001\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u300b\u5219\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u4e00\u5e45\u4eba\u673a\u548c\u8c10\u5171\u751f\u3001\u534f\u540c\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u5168\u65b0\u573a\u666f\u3002\u5728\u770b\u5f97\u89c1\u7684\u672a\u6765\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5c06\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u5730\u6c89\u6d78\u4e8e\u4e94\u82b1\u516b\u95e8\u7684\u865a\u62df\u4e16\u754c\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u5404\u5f0f\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5fc3\u7518\u60c5\u613f\u5730\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u6e90\u6e90\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u8f93\u5165\u7ed9\u673a\u5668\u4e16\u754c\u4ee5\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u8fdb\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u672c\u4e66\u4ece\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u89e3\u8bfb\u4e86\u5305\u62ec\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u3001\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u3001\u4f17\u5305\u3001\u4eba\u7c7b\u8ba1\u7b97\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6e38\u620f\u3001\u865a\u62df\u73b0\u5b9e\u5728\u5185\u7684\u6280\u672f\u9886\u57df\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8fd8\u521b\u9020\u6027\u5730\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u5360\u610f\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u56fe\u7075\u673a-\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u201c\u6e38\u620f\uff0b\u201d\u65f6\u4ee3\u3001\u610f\u672c\u5bb6\u3001\u81ea\u52a8\u6e38\u620f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u521b\u4e1a\u3001\u5360\u610f\u901a\u8d27\u3001\u8bb8\u613f\u6811\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c06\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u900f\u89c6\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u672a\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u8d70\u5411\u63d0\u4f9b\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u6d1e\u5bdf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/p>\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/p>\n

\u8ba9\u82f9\u679c\u7838\u5f97\u66f4\u731b\u70c8\u4e9b\u5427\uff01\uff01\uff01<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\"\u96c6\u667a\"
<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\u957f\u6309\u8bc6\u522b\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801\uff0c\u5173\u6ce8\u96c6\u667aClub\u5fae\u4fe1\uff0c<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u79bb\u79d1\u5b66\u63a2\u7d22\u66f4\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u25bc\u70b9\u51fb\u67e5\u770b\u66f4\u591a\u6587\u6458<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u59cb\u53d1\u4e8e\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff1a \u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8 <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u76ee\u5f55 22. \u57ce\u5e02\u51b3\u5b9a\u672a\u6765\uff08Cities are the Future\uff09 23. \u5efa\u9020\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u57ce\u5e02 \uff08Building functional cities\uff09 24. \u8d70\u5411\u667a\u6167\u3001\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u3001\u5065\u5eb7\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219 \uff08Meta-principles for developing smart, susta…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9469,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[27],"tags":[],"special":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9468"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9468"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9468\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9485,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9468\/revisions\/9485"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/9469"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9468"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9468"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9468"},{"taxonomy":"special","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fspecial&post=9468"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}