{"id":9502,"date":"2016-08-25T01:00:00","date_gmt":"2016-08-24T17:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/swarma.org\/%swarma-paper%\/"},"modified":"2018-12-11T21:44:14","modified_gmt":"2018-12-11T13:44:14","slug":"%e5%90%91%e8%87%aa%e7%84%b6%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%ae%a9%e6%97%a0%e4%ba%ba%e6%9c%ba%e7%9d%80%e9%99%86-%e5%a4%8d%e6%9d%82%e6%96%87%e6%91%98%e7%bf%bb%e8%af%91","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=9502","title":{"rendered":"\u5411\u81ea\u7136\u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u8ba9\u65e0\u4eba\u673a\u7740\u9646 | \u590d\u6742\u6587\u6458\u7ffb\u8bd1"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u76ee\u5f55<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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17. <\/span>\u5411\u81ea\u7136\u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u8ba9\u65e0\u4eba\u673a\u7740\u9646<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Learning from  nature how to land aerial robots\uff09<\/p>\n

18. \u80a0\u9053\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u5185\u90e8\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u6f14\u5316<\/span>\uff08<\/span>The evolution of  cooperation within the gut microbiota<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

19. \u5177\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u79f0\u8f74\u7684\u56db\u4f53\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6784\u578b <\/span>\uff08<\/span>Central configurations of four bodies with an axis of symmetry<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

20. \u8fdb\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u7a33\u5f0f\u975e\u5e73\u8861\uff1a\u5927\u5c0f\u57fa\u672c\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u79cd\u7fa4\u5728\u8fdb\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u65e0\u7a77\u52a8\u529b\u5b66 <\/span>\uff08<\/span>Evolutionarily stable disequilibrium: endless dynamics of evolution in a stationary population<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

21. <\/span>\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4 <\/span>\uff08<\/span>Complexity Labs\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n


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\uff08\u66f4\u591a\u6587\u6458\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u9605\u8bfb\u539f\u6587\u3002<\/strong>\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

17.  <\/strong>\u5411\u81ea\u7136\u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u8ba9\u65e0\u4eba\u673a\u7740\u9646<\/strong><\/span>\uff08Learning from nature how to land aerialrobots\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


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\"\u96c6\u667a\"
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May 19, 9:27 PM Fromscience.sciencemag.org <\/span><\/p>\n

by Mirko Kovac<\/span><\/p>\n

(Translated by \u963f\u52fa\uff0cedited by \u5510\u7490)<\/span><\/p>\n


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One of the main challenges for aerial robots is thehigh-energy consumption of powered flight, which limits flight times totypically only tens of minutes for systems below 2 kg in weight (1). Thislimitation greatly reduces their utility for sensing and inspection tasks,where longer hovering times would be beneficial. Perching onto structures cansave energy and maintain a high, stable observation or resting position, but itrequires a coordination of flight dynamics and some means of attaching to thestructure. Birds and insects have mastered the ability to perch successfullyand have inspired perching robots at various sizes. On page 978 of this issue,Graule et al. (2) describe a perching robotic insect that represents thesmallest flying robot platform that can autonomously attach to surfaces. At amass of only 100 mg, it combines advanced flight control with adaptivemechanical dampers and electro-adhesion to perch on a variety of natural andartificial structures.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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<\/span>  \u8bd1\u6587\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u65e0\u4eba\u673a\u4e3b\u8981\u6311\u6218\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u6301\u7eed\u98de\u884c\u65f6\u7684\u9ad8\u80fd\u8017\uff0c\u56e0\u7eed\u822a\u80fd\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u65e0\u4eba\u673a\u98de\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u5728\u627f\u91cd\u22662Kg\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u6700\u591a\u98de\u884c\u51e0\u5341\u5206\u949f\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u5730\u51cf\u5f31\u611f\u5e94\u548c\u62cd\u6444\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u529f\u7528\uff0c\u5982\u80fd\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u60ac\u505c\u5bf9\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u65e0\u4eba\u673a\u53ef\u4ee5\u9644\u7740\u5728\u7269\u4f53\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u8282\u7701\u7535\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4fdd\u6301\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u62cd\u6444\u6216\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u673a\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f46\u8be5\u6280\u672f\u8981\u6c42\u98de\u884c\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u548c\u9644\u7740\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u3002\u9e1f\u7c7b\u548c\u6606\u866b\u7c7b\u5df2\u6210\u529f\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u9644\u7740\u5728\u7269\u4f53\u4e0a\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u6fc0\u53d1\u4eba\u4eec\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u5c3a\u5bf8\u7684\u4eff\u751f\u65e0\u4eba\u673a\uff0cGraule\u7b49\u4eba\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u4ee3\u8868\u6700\u5c0f\u65e0\u4eba\u673a\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u6816\u606f\u673a\u5668\u6606\u866b\uff0c\u53ef\u81ea\u4e3b\u5730\u9644\u7740\u5728\u7269\u4f53\u8868\u9762\uff0c\u5728\u4f53\u91cd\u4ec5\u6709100mg\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u673a\u68b0\u963b\u5c3c\u5668\u548c\u9759\u7535\u5438\u9644\u4e0e\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u98de\u884c\u63a7\u5236\u7ed3\u5408\u5230\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5bf9\u5404\u79cd\u81ea\u7136\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u9644\u7740\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aaf6605<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n


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18. \u80a0\u9053\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u5185\u90e8\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u6f14\u5316<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\uff08<\/span>The evolution of  cooperation within the gut microbiota\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n

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May 13, 4:17 PM Fromwww.nature.com <\/span><\/p>\n

by Seth Rakoff-Nahoum, Kevin R. Foster & Laurie E.Comstock<\/span><\/p>\n

(Translated by \u79e6\u5fb7\u76db)<\/span><\/p>\n


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Little is known about cooperative behaviour among the gut microbiota; here, limited cooperation is demonstrated for Bacteroides the taiotaomicron, but Bacteroides ovatusis found to extracellularly digest a polysaccharide not for its own use, but to cooperatively feed other species such as Bacteroides vulgatus from which it receives return benefits. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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<\/span>  \u8bd1\u6587\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u80a0\u9053\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u884c\u4e3a\u6240\u77e5\u751a\u5c11\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u591a\u578b\u62df\u6746\u83cc\uff08Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron\uff09\u6709\u9650\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u884c\u4e3a\u88ab\u8bc1\u5b9e\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u5375\u578b\u62df\u6746\u83cc\uff08Bacteroides ovatus\uff09\u6d88\u5316\u80de\u5916\u591a\u7cd6\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u79cd\u7fa4\u2014\u2014\u4f8b\u5982\u666e\u901a\u62df\u6746\u83cc\uff08Bacteroides vulgatus\uff09\u2014\u2014\u63d0\u4f9b\u98df\u7269\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e9b\u79cd\u7fa4\u90a3\u91cc\u83b7\u53d6\u56de\u62a5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1038\/nature17626<\/span><\/p>\n


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19.  <\/strong><\/span>\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a<\/strong>\u5bf9\u79f0\u8f74<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u56db\u4f53\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6784\u578b<\/strong>\uff08<\/span><\/strong>Central configurations offour bodies with an axis of symmetry\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n

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May 18, 4:14 PM Fromlink.springer.com <\/span><\/p>\n

by B\u00e1lint \u00c9rdi, Zal\u00e1n Czirj\u00e1k<\/span><\/p>\n

(Translatedby -\u960e\u8d6b\uff0ceditedby \u5085\u6e25\u6210)<\/span><\/p>\n


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\n

A complete solution is given for a symmetriccase of the problem of the planar central configurations of four bodies, whentwo bodies are on an axis of symmetry, and the other two bodies have equalmasses and are situated symmetrically with respect to the axis of symmetry. Thepositions of the bodies on the axis of symmetry are described by anglecoordinates with respect to the outside bodies. The solution is such, thatgiving the angle coordinates, the masses for which the given configuration is acentral configuration, can be computed from simple analytical expressions ofthe angles. The central configurations can be described as one-parameterfamilies, and these are discussed in detail in one convex and two concavecases. The derived formulae represent exact analytical solutions of thefour-body problem.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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<\/span>  \u8bd1\u6587\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5f53\u4e24\u4e2a\u8d28\u70b9\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u79f0\u8f74\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u5b83\u4e24\u4e2a\u8d28\u70b9\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u3001\u5e76\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5bf9\u79f0\u8f74\u5bf9\u79f0\u5206\u5e03\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u8d4b\u4e88\u56db\u4f53\u7684\u5e73\u9762\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6784\u578b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5728\u5bf9\u79f0\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u3002\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5bf9\u79f0\u8f74\u4e0a\u7684\u8d28\u70b9\u7528\u5176\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5916\u4fa7\u8d28\u70b9\u7684\u5939\u89d2\u4e3a\u5750\u6807\u8fdb\u884c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u672c\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u89d2\u5750\u6807\uff0c\u5728\u5047\u5b9a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6784\u578b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u89e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u89d2\u5ea6\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u89e3\u6790\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6784\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u5355\u53c2\u6570\u65cf\uff0c\u4e14\u5176\u6027\u8d28\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8be6\u7ec6\u5730\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u51f8\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u548c\u4e24\u79cd\u51f9\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u63a8\u5bfc\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\u4ee3\u8868\u56db\u4f53\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u89e3\u6790\u89e3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007%2Fs10569-016-9672-5<\/span><\/p>\n


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20.  <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8fdb\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u7a33\u5f0f\u975e\u5e73\u8861\uff1a\u5927\u5c0f\u57fa\u672c\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u79cd\u7fa4\u5728\u8fdb\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u65e0\u7a77\u52a8\u529b\u5b66<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span><\/strong>Evolutionarily stable disequilibrium: endless dynamics of evolution in astationary population\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

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May 19, 9:19 PM Fromrspb.royalsocietypublishing.org <\/span><\/p>\n

by Nobuto Takeuchi, Kunihiko Kaneko, Paulien Hogeweg<\/span><\/p>\n

(Translated by \u5b5f\u5e86\u4e1a\uff0cedited by \u5085\u6e25\u6210)<\/span><\/p>\n


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Evolution is often conceived as changes in theproperties of a population over generations. Does this notion exhaust thepossible dynamics of evolution? Life is hierarchically organized, and evolutioncan operate at multiple levels with conflicting tendencies. Using a minimalmodel of such conflicting multilevel evolution, we demonstrate the possibilityof a novel mode of evolution that challenges the above notion: individualsceaselessly modify their genetically inherited phenotype and fitness alongtheir lines of descent, without involving apparent changes in the properties ofthe population. The model assumes a population of primitive cells (protocells,for short), each containing a population of replicating catalytic molecules.Protocells are selected towards maximizing the catalytic activity of internalmolecules, whereas molecules tend to evolve towards minimizing it in order tomaximize their relative fitness within a protocell. These conflictingevolutionary tendencies at different levels and genetic drift drive thelineages of protocells to oscillate endlessly between high and lowintracellular catalytic activity, i.e. high and low fitness, along their linesof descent. This oscillation, however, occurs independently in differentlineages, so that the population as a whole appears stationary. Therefore,ongoing evolution can be hidden behind an apparently stationary populationowing to conflicting multilevel evolution.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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<\/span>  \u8bd1\u6587\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

http:\/\/rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org\/content\/283\/1830\/20153109#sec-2<\/p>\n

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21.  <\/strong><\/span>\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span><\/strong>Complexity Labs\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\"
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May 12, 9:28 PM Fromcomplexitylabs.io <\/span><\/p>\n

by Complexity Labs<\/span><\/p>\n

(Translated by -\u5e9e\u535a,edited by \u5510\u7490)<\/span><\/p>\n


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Complexity Labs is an online resource dedicated to thearea of complex systems providing a wide variety of users with information,research, learning and media content relating to this exciting new area. Ourmission statement is to assist in the development of a coherent, robust andaccessible framework for modelling, designing and managing complex systems.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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<\/span>  \u8bd1\u6587\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\uff08Complexity Labs\uff1a<\/span>http:\/\/complexitylabs.io\/)\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5728\u7ebf\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5b83\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6709\u5173\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ee4\u4eba\u5174\u594b\u7684\u65b0\u9886\u57df\u7684\u8baf\u606f\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c55\u3001\u5b66\u4e60\u6750\u6599\u7b49\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u8be5\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u4f7f\u547d\u662f\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5efa\u6a21\u3001\u8bbe\u8ba1\u53ca\u7ba1\u7406\u5f00\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u81f4\u3001\u7a33\u5065\u4e14\u6613\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n


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http:\/\/complexitylabs.io <\/p>\n

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\"\u96c6\u667a\"\u2190<\/span>\u8bc6\u522b\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801\u8d2d\u4e70~<\/section>\n

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\u59cb\u53d1\u4e8e\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff1a \u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8 <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u76ee\u5f55 17. \u5411\u81ea\u7136\u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u8ba9\u65e0\u4eba\u673a\u7740\u9646\uff08Learning from  nature how to land aerial robots\uff09 18. \u80a0\u9053\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u5185\u90e8\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u6f14\u5316\uff08The evolution of  cooperation within the gut microbio…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9503,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[27],"tags":[],"special":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9502"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9502"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9502\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9518,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9502\/revisions\/9518"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/9503"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9502"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9502"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9502"},{"taxonomy":"special","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fspecial&post=9502"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}